سوپرمارين سپيتفاير
| سوپرمارين سپيتفاير | |
|---|---|
| Spitfire LF Mk IX, MH434, flown by Ray Hanna in 2005. This aircraft shot down a Fw 190 in 1943 while serving with 222 Squadron RAF. | |
| الدور | مقاتلة / طائرة استطلاع |
| الصانع | سوپرمارين |
| المصمم | ر. ج. ميتشيل |
| أول تحليق | 5 مارس 1936 |
| التقديم | 4 اغسطس 1938 |
| أحيلت للتقاعد | 1961 فيلق الطيران الأيرلندي |
| المستخدم الرئيسي | سلاح الجوالملكي |
| المنتـَج | 1938–1948 |
| العدد المنتج | 20,351 |
| ثمن الوحدة |
£12,604 (Estonian order for 12 Spitfires in 1939).
|
| تنويعات |
Supermarine Seafire Supermarine Spiteful |
سوپرمارين سپيتفاير Supermarine Spitfire، هي طائرة حربية بريطانية ذات مقعد واحد استخدمت من قبل القوة الجوية الملكية والكثير من دول التحالف خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية وأيضاً في خمسينات القرن الماضي. تم إنتاج عدد كبير منها يفوق جميع أنواع الطائرات الحربية أثناء الحرب. صمم هذه الطائرة ر. ج. ميتشيل، وهوالمصمم الرئيسي في شركة سوپرمارين لأعمال الطيران، والتي أصبحت فرعاً من فيكرز آرم سترونجس. واصل العمل على تصميم الطائرة حتى وفاته بسبب السرطان في عام 1937. بعدها أصبح زميله جوزيڤ سميث المصمم الرئيسي.
التصميم والتطوير
The unpainted Spitfire prototype K5054 at Eastleigh airfield, just before the first flight. The angled rudder mass balance, fixed, unfaired main undercarriage and tailskid can be seen. This airframe was written off after a landing accident at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (R.A.E.) at Farnborough on أربعة September 1939.
هيكل الطائرة
Spitfire Mk IIa P7350 of the BBMF is the only existing airworthy Spitfire that fought in the Battle of Britain.
تصميم الجناح بيضاوي الشكل
The elliptical planform of a Spitfire PR.Mk.XIX is seen at a British air show in 2008.
Spitfire HF Mk VII. The shape of the ellipse was altered by the extended "pointed" wing tips used by the high altitude Mk VI and VIIs, and some early Mk VIIIs.
تحسين تصاميم الجناح
الكربوراتور لقاء ضخ الوقود
التسلح
الإنتاج
قلعة بروميتش
Spitfire Mk IIA, P7666, EB-Z, "Observer Corps", was built by Castle Bromwich, and delivered to 41 Squadron on 23 November 1940.
مشكلات الإنتاج
This Spitfire PR Mk XI (PL965) was built at RAF Aldermaston in southern England
اختبار الطيران
تاريخ التشغيل
K9795, the 9th production Mk I, with 19 Squadron in 1938.
سرعة وسجلات الإرتفاع
The Spitfire Mk XI flown by Sqn. Ldr. Martindale, seen here after its flight on 27 April 1944 during which it was damaged achieving a true airspeed of 606 mph (975 km/h).
المتغيرات
Pilots of Squadron lend a hand pushing an early Spitfire Mark IXb, Biggin Hill, late 1942. (RAF Official)
Seafire
متغيرات محركات-گريفون
The first Griffon-powered Spitfire, DP845, flown by Jeffrey Quill, 1942
Supermarine Spitfire LF Mk XIIs of 41 Squadron in April 1944.
المشغلون
Spitfires Mk Vc (Trop) of 352 (Yugoslav) Squadron RAF (Balkan Air Force) before first mission on 18 August 1944, from Canne airfield, إيطاليا.
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هذه القائمة غير مكتملة؛ بإمكانك المساعدة بتنميتها.
الناجون
Spitfire XVIe of the Commemorative Air Force, based at Camarillo airport, Southern California, seen with period-dressed crew members in 2011.
التذكارات
النسخ
وسائل الاعلام
المواصفات
Replica Mk VB on display in 2009
البيانات من The Great Book of Fighters and Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II
السمات العامة
- الطاقم: one pilot
- الطول: 29 ft 11 in (9.12 m)
- بحر الجناحين: 36 ftعشرة in (11.23 m)
- الارتفاع: 11 ftخمسة in (3.86 m)
- الباع مساحة: 242.1 ft² (22.48 m²)
- Airfoil: NACA 2209.4(tip)
- الوزن الفارغ: 5,090 lb (2,309 kg)
- الوزن القائم: 6,622 lb (3,000 kg)
- أقصى وزن اقلاع: 6,770 lb (3,071 kg)
- المحرك: 1 × Rolls-Royce Merlin 45 supercharged V12 engine, 1,470 hp (1,096 kW) at 9,250 ft (2,820 m)
الأداء
- أقصى سرعة: 378 mph, (330 kn, 605 km/h)
- نصف قطر القتال: 410 nmi (470 mi, 760 km)
- نطاق السفر: 991 nmi (1,140 mi, 1,840 km)
- سقف الخدمة: 35,000 ft (11,300 m)
- معدل التسلق: 3,240 ft/min (13.5 m/s)
- تحميل الجناح: 27.35 lb/ft² (133.5 kg/m²)
- القدرة/الكتلة: 0.22 hp/lb (0.36 kW/kg)
التسليح
-
المدافع:
- 2 × 20 mm (0.787-in) Hispano Mk II cannon, 60 rpg (drum magazine)
- 4 × 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine guns, 350 rpg
- القنابل: 2 × 250 lb (113 kg) bombs
انظر أيضاً
-
Allied Technological Cooperation During WW2
تطورات ذات صلة
- Supermarine S.6B
- Supermarine Seafire
- Supermarine Spiteful
-
Supermarine Seafang
طائرات شبيهة
- Bell P-39
- Curtiss P-40
- Dewoitine D.520
- Hawker Hurricane
- Heinkel He 112
- Messerschmitt Bf 109
- Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3
-
Yakovlev Yak-1
قوائم ذات صلة
- List of most produced aircraft
- List of aircraft of the RAF
- List of aircraft of World War II
-
List of Supermarine Spitfire survivors
المصادر
الهوامش
- ^ Unit cost for airframe complete with engine, armament and equipment.
- ^ The pilot standing in front of the aircraft is pre-War Olympic hurdler, Sqn. Ldr. Donald O. Finlay, the Commanding Officer of 41 Squadron from September 1940–August 1941, who adopted the aircraft as his personal mount. The same day P7666 was delivered to the Squadron, 23 November 1940, Finlay destroyed a Bf 109 on his first operational sortie in the aircraft.
استشهادات
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةEthell p.12 - ^ "Ireland Air Force." aeroflight.co. Retrieved: 27 September 2009.
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةEthell p.117 - ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةPrice p.67 - ^ Price 2006, p. 53.
- ^ List of Spitfire I and II aircraft used by Polish Air Force squadrons (PDF file)
- ^ Green and Swanborough 2001[]
- ^ Jane 1946, pp. 139–141.
قائمة المراجع
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- Air Ministry. Pilot's Notes for Spitfire, IX XI & XVI. Merlin 61,63,66,70 or 266 Engine. London: Air Data Publications, 1946. ASIN: B000TUWO64
- Andrews, C.F. and E.B. Morgan. Supermarine Aircraft since 1914. London: Putnam, 1987. ISBN 0-85177-800-3.
- Bader, Douglas. Fight for the Sky: The Story of the Spitfire and Hurricane. London: Cassell Military Books, 2004. ISBN 0-30435-674-3.
- Bodie, Warren M. The Lockheed P-38 Lightning: The Definitive Story of Lockheed's P-38 Fighter. Hayesville, North Carolina: Widewing Publications, 2001, first edition 1991. ISBN 0-96293-595-6.
- Bowyer, Chaz. Supermarine Spitfire. London, Arms and Armour Press, 1980. ISBN 0-85368-464-2.
- Bowyer, Michael. Interceptor Fighters for the Royal Air Force 1935–45. Wellingborough, UK: Patrick Stevens, 1984. ISBN 0-85059-726-9.
- Brown, Eric. "Spitfires with Sea Legs, Part two." Air International, Vol. 15, No. 4, October 1978.
- Bungay, Stephen. The Most Dangerous Enemy – A History of the Battle Of Britain. London: Aurum, 2001. ISBN 1-85410-801-8.
- Buttler, Tony. British Secret Projects: Fighters and Bombers 1935–1950. Hersham, UK: Midland, 2004. ISBN 1-85780-179-2.
- Carpenter, Chris. Flightwise: Part 1, Principles of Aircraft Flight. Shrewsbury, UK: AirLife, 1996. ISBN 1-85310-719-0.
- Cross, Roy and Gerald Scarborough. Messerschmitt Bf 109, Versions B-E. London: Patrick Stevens, 1976. ISBN 0-85059-106-6.
- Cull, Brian with Fredrick Galea. Spitfires Over Malta: The Epic Air Battles of 1942. London: Grub Street, 2005. ISBN 1-904943-30-6.
- Danel, Raymond and Jean Cuny. Docavia n°4: le Dewoitine D.520 (in French). Paris, France: Editions Larivière, 1966.
- Deere, Brendon. Spitfire: Return to Flight. Palmerston North, NZ: ITL Aviation Limited, 2010. ISBN 978-0-473-16711-0.
- Deighton, Len. Fighter: The True Story of the Battle of Britain. London: Grafton 1977. ISBN 0-78581-208-3.
- Delve, Ken. The Story of the Spitfire: An Operational and Combat History. London: Greenhill books, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85367-725-0.
- Dibbs, John and Tony Holmes. Spitfire: Flying Legend. Southampton, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1997. ISBN 1-84176-005-6.
- Eforgan, Estel. Leslie Howard: The Lost Actor. London: Mitchell Vallentine & Company, 2010. ISBN 978-0-85303-941-9.
- Ethell, Jeffrey L. World War II in the Air. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994. ISBN 1-55750-249-8.
- Ethell, Jeffrey L. and Steve Pace. Spitfire. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1997. ISBN 0-7603-0300-2.
- Flack, Jeremy. Spitfire – The World's Most Famous Fighter. London: Chancellor Press, 1994. ISBN 1-85152-637-4.
- Flintham, Victor. Air Wars and Aircraft: A Detailed Record of Air Combat, 1945 to the Present. New York: Facts on File, 1990. ISBN 0-81602-356-5.
- Gilman J.D. and J. Clive. KG 200. London: Pan Books Ltd., 1978. ISBN 0-85177-819-4
- Glancey, Jonathan. Spitfire: The Illustrated Biography. London: Atlantic Books, 2006. ISBN 978-1-84354-528-6.
- Green, Peter. "Spitfire Against a Lightning." Flypast No. 315, October 2007.
- Green, William. Famous Fighters of the Second World War, 3rd ed. New York: Doubleday, 1975. ISBN 0-356-08334-9.
- Green, William. Messerschmitt Bf 109: The Augsburg Eagle; A Documentary History. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishing Group Ltd., 1980. ISBN 0-7106-0005-4.
- Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Great Book of Fighters. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1194-3.
- Gueli, Marco. "Spitfire con Coccarde Italiane (Spitfire in Italian service)." (in Italian) Storia Militare n. 62, November 1998.
- Gunston, Bill et al. "Supermarine unveils its high-performance monoplane today (5 March)." The Chronicle of Aviation. Liberty, Missouri: JL International Publishing, 1992. ISBN 1-87203-130-7.
- Henshaw, Alex. Sigh for a Merlin: Testing the Spitfire: 2nd Revised edition . London: Crecy Publishing, 1999. ISBN 0-9475-5483-5.
- Henshaw, Alex. "Spitfire: A Test Pilot's Defence." Aeroplane Monthly, Vol. 9, Issue No 269, September 1995.
- Holland, James. Fortress Malta: An Island Under Siege, 1940–1943. New York: Miramax Books, 2003. ISBN 1-4013-5186-7.
- Holmes, Tony. Spitfire vs Bf 109: Battle of Britain. London: Osprey Aerospace, 2007. ISBN 978-1-84603-190-8
- Jackson, Robert. Aircraft of World War II: Development, Weaponry, Specifications. Edison, NJ: Chartwell Books, 2003. ISBN 0-7858-1696-8.
- Jane, Fred T. “The Supermarine Spitfire.” Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. ISBN 1-85170-493-0.
- Jane, Fred T. Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II(reprint). New York: Crescent Books, 1998. ISBN 0-517-67964-7.
- Lednicer, David A. "Technical Note: A CFD Evaluation of Three Prominent World War II Fighter Aircraft" Aeronautical Journal, Royal Aeronautical Society, June/July 1995.
- Lednicer, David A. "World War II Fighter Aerodynamics" EAA Sport Aviation, January 1999.
- McKinstry, Leo. Spitfire – Portrait of a Legend. London: John Murray, 2007. ISBN 0-71956-874-9.
- Morgan, Eric B. and Edward Shacklady. Spitfire: The History. London: Key Publishing, 1993. ISBN 0-946219-10-9.
- Morgan, Eric B. and Edward Shacklady. Spitfire: The History (5th rev. edn.). London: Key Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-946219-48-6.
- Moss, Graham and Barry McKee. Spitfires and Polished Metal: Restoring the Classic Fighter. Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Airlife, 1999. ISBN 0-76030-741-5.
- Price, Alfred. Spitfire: A Documentary History. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1977. ISBN 0-354-01077-8.
- Price, Alfred. Spitfire a Complete Fighting History. Enderby, Leicester, UK: The Promotional Reprint Company Limited, 1991. ISBN 1-85648-015-1.
- Price, Alfred. The Spitfire Story. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 1982. ISBN 0-86720-624-1.
- Price, Alfred. The Spitfire Story: Second edition. London: Arms and Armour Press Ltd., 1986. ISBN 0-85368-861-3.
- Price, Alfred. Spitfire: Fighter Supreme. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1991. ISBN 1-85409-056-9.
- Price, Alfred. Late Marque Spitfire Aces 1942–1945. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1995. ISBN 1-85532-575-6.
- Price, Alfred. "Supermarine Spitfire (Merlin-engined variants)". Wings of Fame, Volume 9. London: Aerospace, 1997. pp. 30–93. ISBN 1-86184-001-2.
- Price, Alfred. "Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-engined variants and Seafire)" Wings of Fame, Volume 16. London: Aerospace, 1999, pp. 30–85. ISBN 1-86184-037-3.
- Price, Alfred. The Spitfire Story: New edited edition. London: Weidenfeld Military, 1999. ISBN 1-85409-514-5.
- Price, Alfred. The Spitfire Story: Revised second edition. Enderby, Leicester, UK: Siverdale Books, 2002. ISBN 1-885605-702-X.
- Price, Alfred. "The Birth of a Thoroughbred." Aeroplane Volume 34, Number 3, No. 395, March 2006.
- Price, Alfred and Mike Spick. Handbook of Great Aircraft of WW II. Enderby, Leicester, UK: The Promotional Reprint Company Limited, 1997. ISBN 0-78580-669-5.
- Quill. Jeffrey. Spitfire: A Test Pilot’s Story. London: Arrow Books, 1983. ISBN 0-09-937020-4.
- Shores, Christopher and Brian Cull with Nicola Malizia. Malta: The Spitfire Year. London: Grub Street, 1991. ISBN 0-948817-16-X.
- Smallwood, Hugh. Spitfire in Blue. London: Osprey Aerospace, 1996. ISBN 1-85532-615-9.
- Spick, Mike. Supermarine Spitfire. New York: Gallery Books, 1990. ISBN 0-8317-14034.
- "Spitfire: Simply Superb, Part three." Air International Volume 28, Number 4, April 1985.
- Tanner, John. The Spitfire V Manual (AP1565E reprint). London: Arms and Armour Press, 1981. ISBN 0-85368-420-0.
- Vader, John. Spitfire (Ballantine's Illustrated History of World War II). London: Ballentine's Books, 1969.
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وصلات خارجية
 |
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Supermarine Spitfire. |
- The Spitfire Site – resource library about the Supermarine Spitfire
- Spitfire/Seafire Serial Numbers, production contracts and aircraft histories
- K5054 – Supermarine Type 300 prototype Spitfire & production aircraft history
- Spitfire Performance Testing
- Supermarine Spitfire – History of a legend (RAF Museum)
- Pacific Spitfires
- The Supermarine Spitfire in Indian Air Force Service
- Spitfire Pilots, articles about Spitfires and its pilots
- RAF Museum Spitfire Mk VB walk-around photos
- Exmples of Photographic Reconnaissance Spitfires
- Warbird Alley: Spitfire page – Information about Spitfires still flying today
- Airworthy Spitfires
- Supermarine Spitfire profile, technical details and photos
