المستعمرات الرومانية في أفريقيا الأمازيغية
المدن الرومانية الرئيسية في أفريقيا الأمازيغية.
المستعمرات الرومانية في شمال أفريقبيا هي المدن المأهولة بالمواطنين الرومان التي أسستها الامبراطورية الرومانية في شمال أفريقيا الأمازيغية، وخاصة في الفترة بين حكم أغسطس وتراجان. تأسست هذه المستعمرات في المنطقة - التي يسميها الأمازيغ الآن باسم تامازغا- والتي تقع بين المغرب واقليم طرابلس الليبي.
الخصائص المميزة
The Fossa regia (in pink the borders of Africa Proconsularis) marked the border between the original Roman province of Africa and Numidia.East of Fossa Regia there was full Latinization of the society
التاريخ
Christian mosaic with Latin sentence, from Roman veterans' Colonia Madauros (near Tipasa)
اختلاف أنواع المستعمرات
قائمة المستعمرات الرومانية الرئيسية
- في أفريكا پروقنصلاريس: Assuras, Carpis, Carthago, Curubis, Neapolis, Simithu, Thuburnica, Madaure, Thubursicum Numidiae and Zama
- in Numidia: Cirta, Arsacal, Rusicae, Sigus, Tiddis, Verecunda, Cuicul, Masculla, Thamugadi and Theveste
- في موريتانيا پروقنصلاريس: Caesarea, Cartenna, Oppidum Novum and Rusguniae
- في موريتانيا الطنجية: Volubilis, Lixus, Tingis, Banasa, Babba and Zilil
- في موريتانيا السيتيفنسية: Auzia and Sitifis
- في اقليم طرابلس: Leptis Magna
القائمة التالية تضم المستعمرات الرومانية الرئيسية والأكثر أهمية:
| الاسم اللاتيني | الاسم العملي | صورة | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caesarea | Chercell (الجزائر) | Caesarea was made capital of Mauretania Caesariensis, when promoted to "Colonia Claudia Caesarea" in 48 AD by Claudius | |
| Carthago | قرطاج (تونس) | On the soil of destroyed Carthage, Roman Carthage was founded as "Colonia Junona" in 122 BC and refounded by Caesar in 45 BC. It was the "capital" of Roman Africa, with more than 300,000 inhabitants, and was fully destroyed by Arabs in 698 AD (who later founded nearby actual "Tunis") | |
| Cirta | قسنطينة (الجزائر) | Cirta was renamed by Costantine I: "Civitas Constantina Cirtensium". It was surrounded by a "Confederation of free Roman cities" (Tiddis, Cuicul, etc.) | |
| Hadrumetum | سوسة (تونس) | Hadrumetum was made by Trajan "Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina" and was the second biggest city in Berber Africa. It was destroyed -after a two months siege- by Arabs and only one century later recreated as "Sousse". | |
| Hippo Regius | بونه (الجزائر) | Hyppo Regius -called even Hippona- was the city of St' Augustine.It was very rich and fully Romanized.It was destroyed by Arabs who rebuilt nearby the actual city of "Bone" in the eighth century | |
| Leptis Magna | Leptis Magna (ليبيا) | Leptis magna was made Municipia by Trajan in 109 AD with the name "Ulpia Trajana" and Colonia by Septimius Severus in 200 AD | |
| Sala Colonia | Chellah (المغرب) | Sala Colonia was a Roman colony until the end of the third century. The city remained with a Roman garrison until the sixth century and now is part of metropolitan Rabat | |
| Thamugadi | تيمقاد (الجزائر) | Timgad was founded by Trajan in 100 AD as "Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana Thamugadi" | |
| Thysdrus | الجم (تونس) | Thysdrus was made "colonia" in 244 AD by Gordian III | |
| Volubilis | Volubilis (المغرب) | Volubilis was made Colonia ("Municipium") by Claudius around 50 AD.It was abandoned by Romans in 285 AD, but survived autonomously until the eighth century. |
لپتس ماگنا: مستعمرة رومانية خاصة
بازيليكا سڤرية في لپتس ماگنا.
انظر أيضاً
- Volubilis
- لپتس ماگنا
- Thysdrus
- Sala Colonia
- Iulia Campestris Babba
- Iulia Valentia Banasa
- Iulia Constantia Zilil
- الولايات الرومانية الأمازيغية
- Regnum Maurorum et Romanorum
- الرومانسية الأفريقية
- أمازيغ مسيحيون
- Fossa regia
الهوامش
- ^ Detailed information on Caesarea
- ^ UNESCO: Carthage
- ^ Historical evolution of Cirta area (in French)
- ^ Hadrumetum history
- ^ Hippo Regius history (in Italian)
- ^ UNESCO:Leptis Magna
- ^ Sala Colonia history (in French)
- ^ UNESCO: Timgad
- ^ Princeton Enc: Thysdrus
- ^ UNESCO: Volubilis
المراجع
- Adkins, L. and R.A. Adkins, “Coloniae”, in L. Adkins and R.A. Adkins, Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome, New York, 1994.
- Bullo, Silvia. Provincia Africa: le città e il territorio dalla caduta di Cartagine a Nerone. Editore L'Erma di Bretschneider. Roma,2002 ISBN 8882651681
- Bunson, M. “Colonies, Roman”, in M. Bunson, Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire, New York, 1994.
- De Ruggiero, Ettore. Dizionario epigrafico di antichita romane. Vol. I-IV. Ed. University of Michigan. Chicago, 1924 Vol. II
- Gomez, Hilario. Ciudades de Bizancio. Las ciudades del Africa Romano-Bizantina. Editorial Sirius. Madrid, 2007
- Laffi, Umberto. Colonie e municipi nello Stato romano Ed. di Storia e Letteratura. Roma, 2007 ISBN 8884983509
- Lendering, Jona. Coloniae. Livius.org (2006) Coloniae
- Mommsen, Theodore. The Provinces of the Roman Empire Section: Roman Africa. (Leipzig 1865; London 1866; London: Macmillan 1909; reprint New York 1996) Barnes & Noble. New York, 1996
- Nacéra Benseddik. De Caesarea à Shershel, Actes du IIe Coll. Intern. sur l’Hist. et l’Arch. de l’Afrique du Nord, Grenoble 1983, C.T.H.S., 19b, 1983, p. 451-456.
- Pringle D, Reginald. Sixth-century Fortifications in Byzantine Africa. An Archaeological and Historical Study Oxford university. Oxford,1978
- Rogerson, Barnaby. History of North Africa (Traveller's edition). Interlink Books ed. New York, 2001 ISBN 1-56656-351-8
