قصر وستمنستر
| قصر وستمنستر Palace of Westminster | |
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قصر وستمنستر وجسر وستمنستر ينظر منه من جميع أنحاء نهر التايمز
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| Location | مدينة وستمنستر, لندن، المملكة المتحدة |
| Built | العصور الوسطى |
| Demolished | 1834 (نظرا لإطلاق النار) |
| Rebuilt | 1840–70 |
| Architectural style(s) | Perpendicular Gothic |
مسقط تراث عالمي حسب اليونسكو
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| Official name: قصر وستمنستر ، كنيسة وستمنستر وشارع كنيسة مارغريت | |
| Type | ثقافي |
| Criteria | i, ii, iv |
| Designated | 1987 (11th session) |
| Reference no. | 426 |
| بلد | المملكة المتحدة |
| منطقة | أوروبا وشمال أمريكا |
| Extensions | 2008 |
Listed Building – Grade I
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| Official name: Houses of Parliament / The Palace of Westminster | |
| Designated | 5 فبراير 1970 |
| Reference no. | 1226284 |
| خطأ لوا في وحدة:Location_map على السطر 404: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). | |
قصر وستمنستر بالإنگليزية: Palace of Westminster (معروف بصورة أكثر باسم بيوت البرلمان)، في مدينة وستمنستر في لندن في المملكة المتحدة، هوالقصر الذي يجتمع فيه أعضاء البرلمان البريطاني. القصر هوواحد من أكبر مباني البرلمانات في العالم. مخطط القصر معقد جدا، يحتوي على ما يقرب من 1200 غرفة مع الأخذ بالحسبان المباني القائمة فيه، إضافة إلى 100 سلم واكثر من ثلاثة كيلومترات (اثنان ميلا) من الممرات ويعود تاريخها إلى القرن التاسع عشر، فيه قاعة وستمنستر والتي يعتبر من المباني التاريخية، تستخدم في الوقت الحاضر للاحتفالات العامة الرئيسية.
البرمان هوذومجلسين، المجلس الأعلى، الممثل بمجلس اللوردات، ومجلس سفلي، الممثل بمجلس العموم. المجلسين يجتمعون في غرف مفصولة في قصر وستمنستر.
التاريخ
القصر القديم
Conjectural restoration of Westminster during the reign of Henry VIII, by H. J. Brewer, 1884
A detail from John Rocque's 1746 map of London. St Stephen's Chapel, labelled "H of Comm" (House of Commons), is adjacent to Westminster Hall; the Parliament Chamber—labelled "H of L" (House of Lords)—and the Prince's Chamber are to the far south. The Court of Requests, between the two Houses, became the new home of the Lords in 1801. At the north-east, by the river, stands Speaker's House.
الحريق وإعادة الإعمار
J. M. W. Turner watched the fire of 1834 and painted several canvasses depicting it, including The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons (1835).
Sir Charles Barry conceived the winning design for the New Houses of Parliament and supervised its construction until his death in 1860.
التاريخ الحديث
المظهر الخارجي
River front of the Palace of Westminster
View from across the Thames in the morning...
...and at dusk. Portcullis House is visible on the right.
الحجارة
الأبراج
The Victoria Tower was the most conspicuous feature of Charles Barry's design for the New Palace of Westminster. At the time of its completion, it was the tallest secular building in the world.
The Clock Tower's fame has surpassed that of the Palace itself. The structure has largely become synonymous with Big Ben, the heaviest of the five bells it houses.
The slender form of the Central Tower, which was designed as a spire, markedly contrasts with the more massive square towers at the ends of the Palace.
St. Stephen's Tower
الأساس
Cromwell Green, outside Westminster Hall, is the site of Hamo Thornycroft's bronze statue of Oliver Cromwell, erected amid controversy in 1899.
المنظر الداخلي
Layout
Layout of the principal floor (north is to the right). The debating chambers of the two Houses and their ante-rooms lie on opposite sides of the Central Lobby and are part of the central spine of the Palace, which includes the suite of ceremonial rooms to the south. The Victoria Tower occupies the south-west corner and the Speaker's House takes up the north-east corner; the Clock Tower is at the far north and Westminster Hall protrudes to the west.
شرفة نورمان
غرفة ملابس الملكة
The Sovereign prepares for the State Opening of Parliament on the Robing Room's Chair of State.
المعرض الملكي
Following the rapid decay of Maclise's first two frescoes, the rest of the Royal Gallery's walls were left unpainted.
غرفة الأمير
مجلس اللوردات
The Sovereign's Throne and its gilded Canopy dominate the ornate Lords Chamber.
The passage of the Parliament Act 1911. Votes in both Houses of Parliament are conducted in the form of divisions.
لوبي النبلاء
اللوبي المركزي
Saint George for England by Sir Edward Poynter and Saint Patrick for Ireland by Robert Anning Bell are two of the four mosaics decorating the Central Lobby.
أعضاء اللوبي
American President Barack Obama in the Members' Lobby during a tour of Parliament in 2011
مجلس اللوردات يحتوي على نوعين من الأعضاء: اللوردات الروحيون (الممثلين بأعلى أساقفة كنيسة إنكلترا) واللوردات الدنويون (الممثلين بالنبلاء)؛ أعضاءه لا يتم انتخابهم من قبل عامة الشعب ولكن يتم تعينهم من قبل حكومة قديمة وحديثة. أما مجلس العموم، فهومنتخب ديموقراطياً مع انتخابات تقام جميع خمس سنوات على الأقل.
مجلس العموم
Like its predecessor, the post-war chamber of the House of Commons can seat on its green benches only about two-thirds of all Members of Parliament.
قاعة وستمنستر
Westminster Hall in the early 19th century
George IV's coronation banquet was held in Westminster Hall in 1821; it was the last such banquet held.
الغرف الأخرى
الأمن
Concrete barriers restrict access to Old Palace Yard.
الحوادث
The assassination of Prime Minister Spencer Perceval in 1812 in the lobby of the House of Commons
Activists on the roof of the Palace of Westminster
القواعد والتنطقيد
الأكل والشرب والتدخين
قواعد اللبس
The introduction of a new Member of Parliament, 1858. Wearing hats in the House of Commons has not always been treated in the same way.
تنطقيد أخرى
الثقافة والسياحة
Claude Monet's Houses of Parliament series
The Houses of Parliament, sunset (1903), National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
London, Houses of Parliament. The Sun Shining through the Fog (1904), Musée d'Orsay, Paris
During three trips to London between 1899 and 1901, Impressionist painter Claude Monet worked on a series of canvasses depicting the Houses of Parliament under various light and weather conditions, often obscured by the smog prevalent in the city in Victorian times. The paintings share the same vantage point—a terrace at St Thomas's Hospital—and many of the works were finished in Monet's studio in France during the following years.
الملاحظات
المصادر
- الهوامش
- ^ "The National Heritage List For England". English Heritage. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
- ^ قصر وستمنستر
- ^ The bird's-eye view was published in The Builder in 1884, according to www.parliament.uk.
- ^ Riding and Riding (2000), p. 268.
- ^ "Paintings reveal pollution clues". BBC News.تسعة August 2006. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- قائمة المراجع
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Cooke, Sir Robert (1987). . London: Burton Skira. ISBN . More than one of
|author=and|last=specified (help) -
Natzler, D. L (1994-01) [1930]. (15th ed.). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN . Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help); Check date values in:|date=(help) -
Field, John (30 October 2009). . London: Politico's Publishing; James & James Publishers. ISBN . More than one of
|author=and|last=specified (help) -
Gerhold, Dorian (16 September 1999). . London: James & James Publishers. ISBN . More than one of
|author=and|last=specified (help) -
Guide to the Palace of Westminster. London: Warrington. 1911(?). OCLC 5081639. OL 13507081M. Check date values in:
|year=(help) -
Jones, Christopher (1983-11). . London: British Broadcasting Corporation. ISBN . More than one of
|author=and|last=specified (help); Check date values in:|date=(help) -
Macdonald, Peter (30 October 2005). . Stroud: Sutton Publishing. ISBN . More than one of
|author=and|last=specified (help) -
Port, M. H. (1976). . New Haven, Connecticut; London: Yale University Press. ISBN . Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help) - Quinault, Roland (1992). "Westminster and the Victorian Constitution". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 6. 2: 79–104. doi:10.2307/3679100. (يتطلب اشتراك)
- Riding, Christine; Riding, Jacqueline, eds. (2000). The Houses of Parliament: History, Art, Architecture. London: Merrell Publishers. ISBN .
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Shenton, Caroline (2012). The Day Parliament Burned Down. Oxford: OUP. More than one of
|author=and|last=specified (help) -
Wilson, Robert (2005) [1994]. . Norwich: Jarrold Publishing. ISBN . Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help)
قراءات للإستزادة
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Tanfield, Jennifer (1991-12). . London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN . More than one of
|author=and|last=specified (help); Check date values in:|date=(help)
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Palace of Westminster. |
| بوابة Architecture | |
| بوابة London |
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Media related to قصر وستمنستر at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website of the Palace of Westminster
- Palace of Westminster Square 360 Image (Java)
- Westminster Hall – A Virtual Experience
- "A Victorian Novel in Stone" Rosemary Hill, The Wall Street Journal, 20 March 2009
نطقب:Use British English
