كوانگ‌ميونگ‌يونگ-2 (هانگول: 광명성 2호، هانجا: 光明星 2號، وتعني النجم الساطع-2 أوالنجم القطبي-2) ، هوساتل أطلقته كوريا الشمالية فيخمسة ابريل 2009. وتبعا لتصريحات حكومة كوريا الشمالية ، فقد أطلق من على حامل الصواريخ اونها-2 يوم الأحدخمسة ابريل 2009 في الساعة 11:20 بالتوقيت المحلي من Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground في موسودان-ري في الشمال الشرقي لكوريا الشمالية وقام بتوصيل الساتل بنجاح في المدار الأرضي بعد دقائق من إطلاقه. على الجانب الآخر فقد أذيع رسميا في كلا من كوريا الجنوبية والولايات المتحدة عن سقوط الحمولة في مياه المحيط الهادي. واتفقت معهما وكالة الفضاء الروسية معلقة بقولها: "ببساطة لا وجود للساتل".

وعقب إطلاق الساتل، ظهرت ردود عمل قلقة من جانب دول أخرى، لاسيما الولايات المتحدة واليابان وكوريا الجنوبية ،والتي فسرت الإطلاق على أنه تجربة تقنية يمكن حتى تستخدم فيما بعد لإطلاق صواريخ بالستية عابرة للقارات.

إعلان ما قبل الإطلاق

ردود العمل الدولية

تفاصيل الإطلاق

الأجهزة

ردود العمل الدولية بعد الإطلاق

أعضاء المحادثات السداسية

•  كوريا الجنوبية – Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan stated that "The North's launch is a provocative act that clearly violates United Nations Security Council [Resolution] 1718 that regardless of the North's claims threatens peace and stability of the Korean peninsula and Northeast Asia."
•  اليابان – Prime Minister Taro Aso stated that "the fact that North Korea went ahead with the launch despite repeated warnings from around the world, especially the United States, South Korea and Japan, was an extremely provocative act and one that Japan cannot let go unchallenged. So, cooperating with the international community, we want to respond (considering that) it was clearly a violation of the U.N. resolutions."
•  الصين – Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu stated "We hope related parties stay calm and exercise restraint, appropriately deal with it and together maintain peace and stability in this region. The Chinese side is willing to continue to play a constructive role."
•  روسيا – A Foreign Ministry spokesman said, "We are checking whether this (launch) is not a violation of certain resolutions of the U.N. Security Council and call on all sides to refrain from actions that could lead to escalation of tensions on the Korean peninsula."

•  الولايات المتحدة – President Barack Obama stated "North Korea's development and proliferation of ballistic missile technology pose a threat to the northeast Asian region and to international peace and security. With this provocative act, North Korea has ignored its international obligations, rejected unequivocal calls for restraint, and further isolated itself from the community of nations."

المنظمات الدولية

•  الاتحاد الأوروپي – The EU called on North Korea to suspend its nuclear activities related to the ballistic missile programme and all other nuclear weapons in a "complete, verifiable and irreversible manner."
• NATO – Secretary-General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer condemned the launch, calling it "highly provocative, and in violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718 barring North Korea from developing ballistic missile capability or launching ballistic missiles". He commented that the launch would deepen concern about North Korea in the region and beyond, complicate the 6-party talks and called on North Korea to cease such provocative actions.
•  الأمم المتحدة – Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said that "Given the volatility in the region ... such a launch is not conducive to efforts to promote dialogue, regional peace and stability. The Secretary-General urges (North Korea) to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions."

بلدان أخرى

•  أستراليا – Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd called the North Korean launch "provocative" and "reckless". "We urge the council to immediately consider further action," he said in a statement.

•  كندا – Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs Lawrence Cannon stated that "Canada is very concerned by North Korea's decision to launch a long-range rocket. This ill-advised action undermines confidence in North Korea's commitment to peace and security. Canada calls upon North Korea to comply fully with the requirements of UNSCR 1718 and suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile program."

•  فرنسا – President Nicholas Sarkozy said that North Korea had placed itself "outside international law," calling for further enforcement of sanctions by the international community to "punish the regime."

•  الهند – A spokesman from the External Affairs Ministry described the launch as having a "destablising effect" in the "volatile region" and hoped that the response would be "restrained and proportionate". Any decision should be taken by the UN.

•  إندونيسيا - Foreign Ministry spokesman Teuku Faizasyah was concerned over the launch, adding that it has "increased the risk of tension although it still has to be verified whether it was a satellite or a missile. Our main concern is North Korea's launch has gone against the nuclear disarmament spirit in East Asia." He also stated that suspicions would continue until the relevant parties meet and negotiate.

• إيران – An official from the Foreign Ministry defended the launch, saying that every nation had the right to the peaceful use of space technology. The spokesman also denied any cooperation with North Korea in the launch.

•  إيطاليا – The Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that "These missile launches may complicate furthermore to find a solution to North Korean nuclear affairs and obstruct the achievement of stability in the area".

• نيوزيلندا – Foreign Minister Murray McCully said the test was "reckless" and did not help peace and stability in the region. McCully also stated that it was a "backwards step" for North Korea, and urged the country to focus on meeting the agreements made during the six-party talks as it was in its interests to do so.

•  سنغافورة – A statement issued by the Foreign Ministry stated it was "deeply concerned" at the launch, and urged all parties to exercise restraint and reduce tensions through dialogue.

•   سويسرا – The Swiss Foreign Ministry condemned the incident, saying that it violated United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718, but also called for "all parties to refrain from any action that could aggravate the situation" and for "dialogue and moderation to be given priority".

•  هجريا - A statement issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed concern at the recent action. "We support efforts, in particular by the UN Security Council, to have the international community embrace a joint stance on this issue. We want the related parties to avoid steps that will not contribute to ongoing goodwill efforts for maintaining regional peace and stability."

•  المملكة المتحدة – The UK's Foreign Secretary David Miliband said that he strongly condemned North Korea's launch of a rocket and urged it to "cease immediately all further missile-related activity."

•  ڤنزويلا – Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez said in an interview in Tokyo that due to the "lack of information, and contradictory information ... I prefer to have a great deal of prudence as the Russian government has said".

•  ڤيتنام – Vietnam paid close attention to North Korea's launch of satellite Kwangmyongsong-2 into orbit. "We hope related parties respond with caution and appropriately deal with the move, so as not to exacerbate the situation further to affect peace and stability in Northeast Asia", spokesman Le Dung said.

انظر أيضا

• التجربة الصاروخية الكورية الشمالية 1993
• التجربة الصاروخية الكورية الشمالية 1998
• التجربة الصاروخية الكورية الشمالية 2006
• كوانگ‌ميونگ‌يونگ
• عسكرية كوريا الشمالية
• نودونگ-1
• نودونگ-2
• موسودان (over3200kmMovail IRBM by Soviet technology)
• North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
• تايپودونگ-1
• تايپودونگ-2

المصادر