جمهورية لانفانگ 蘭芳共和國
1777–1884
الفهم
المكانة	جمهورية ولاية تابعة للصين تشينگ
العاصمة	قد تكون پونتياناك
اللغات الشائعة	الصينية، المالاوية
الحكومة	جمهورية رئاسية اتحاد كونگ‌سي
President
• 1777–1795	ليوفانگ‌بو
الحقبة التاريخية	الإمبريالية الجديدة
• التأسيس	1777
• الغزوالهولندي	1884
Succeeded by الهند الشرقية الهولندية
Today part of	إندونيسيا

جمهورية لانفانگ (الصينية التقليدية: 蘭芳共和國; پن‌ين: Lánfāng Gònghéguó; پخ-اوه-جي: Lân-phang Kiōng-hô-kok، Lanfang Republic)، هي دولة صينية واتحاد كونگ‌سي في كاليمنتان الغربية، إندونسيا. أسسها صيني هاكا يسمى ليوفانگ‌بو(羅芳伯) عام 1777، حتى انتهت بالاحتلال الهولندي عام 1884.

وصول الصينيين

حكم ليوفانگ‌بو

الغزوالهولندي

المصادر

• Blussé, Léonard; Zurndorfer, Harriet Thelma; Zürcher, Erik Jan, eds. (1993). . Volume 29 of Sinica Leidensia (illustrated ed.). BRILL. ISBN . Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• Chin, John M. (1981). (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press, Incorporated. ISBN . Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• Gakuen, Seijō (1967). Uchida, Naosaku; Ikedavolume=, Kōtarō (eds.). . Economic Institute of Seijo University. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• Gerber, James; Guang, Lei, eds. (2006). . Volume 13 of The Pacific World: Lands, Peoples And History of the Pacific, 1500-1900 (illustrated ed.). Ashgate/Variorum. ISBN . Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• Gernet, Jacques (1996). (illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN . Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• Heidhues, Mary F. Somers (2003). . Volume 34 of Southeast Asia publications series (illustrated ed.). SEAP Publications. ISBN . Retrieved 10 March 2014.
• Irwin, Graham (1955). . Part 15 of Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. M. Nijhoff. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
• Lindsey, Timothy; Pausacker, Helen; Coppel, Charles A. (2005). Lindsey, Timothy; Pausacker, Helen; Coppel, Charles A. (eds.). . Volume 61 of Monash papers on Southeast Asia (illustrated ed.). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN . Retrieved 10 March 2014. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Luo, Xianglin; Luo, Fangbo (1941). (illustrated ed.). Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• 羅, 香林 (1961). . 中國學社. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig (1997). . Lit-Verlag. ISBN . Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• Oelschlägel, Anett C.; Nentwig, Ingo; Taube, Jakob, eds. (2005). (in German). Contributor Erika Taube. Leipziger Universitätsverlag. ISBN . Retrieved 10 March 2014. horizontal tab character in |others= at position 12 (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Reece, Bob (1993). . Sarawak Literary Society. Retrieved 24 April 2014. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Reid, Anthony; Alilunas-Rodgers, Kristine, eds. (1996). (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of Hawaii Press. ISBN . Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• Reid, Anthony (2008). Reid, Anthony (ed.). . Volume 16 of The Pacific World Lands, Peoples and History of the Pacific, 1500 - 1900. Ashgate. ISBN . Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• Yong, Paul (1994). (2, illustrated ed.). Pelanduk Publications. ISBN . Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• YUNOS, ROZAN (May 23, 2011). "Saga of Lanfang Republic". THE BRUNEI TIMES. BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• Setyautama, Sam; Mihardja, Suma (2008). (in Malay). Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. ISBN . Retrieved 24 April 2014.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Suryadinata, Leo, ed. (1997). . Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN . Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• Wang, Tai Peng (1994). . Pelanduk Publications. ISBN . Retrieved 10 March 2014.
• Zhang, Delai (2002). . Sabah Theological Seminary. ISBN . Retrieved 10 March 2014.
• Zheng, Dekun (1982). . Volume ثلاثة of Centre for Chinese Archaeology and Art Hong Kong: Studies series. Chinese University Press. ISBN . Retrieved 10 March 2014.
• Zheng, Dekun (1969). (illustrated ed.). Heffer. ISBN . Archived from the original on Jul 20, 2006. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
• "The Eurozone as a Lan Fang Republic". Manifesta Journal. 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• . Volumeتسعة of The Sarawak Museum Journal: For the Promotion of Scientific Knowledge and Study of the Natives and Natural History of the Island of Borneo, Sarawak Museum. Contributor Sarawak Museum. Sarawak Museum. 1959. Retrieved 24 April 2014. horizontal tab character in |others= at position 12 (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
• . Contributor Sarawak Museum. Sarawak Museum. 1971. Retrieved 24 April 2014. horizontal tab character in |others= at position 12 (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
• . Contributor Royal Numismatic Society (Great Britain). Royal Numismatic Societ. 1993. Retrieved 24 April 2014. horizontal tab character in |others= at position 12 (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
• . Contributors Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands). Afdeling Documentatie Modern Indonesie, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands). Bibliotheek. Centre for Documentation of Modern Indonesia, Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology. 1998. Retrieved 24 April 2014. horizontal tab character in |others= at position 13 (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
• . Contributor Deutsche Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens, Tokyo. 1979. Retrieved 24 April 2014. horizontal tab character in |others= at position 12 (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
• . Contributors China Today Society, Taiwan, Taipei (City). Institute for Chinese Culture, Institute of Chinese Culture, T'ai-pei, Institute for Advanced Chinese studies, Chung-kuo wen hua hsüeh yüan. Chung-Kuo wen hua yen chiu so, Chinese Translation Society, Chung-Kuo wen hua yen chiu so, Tai pei, United Publishing Center, Inc, Chinese Institute of Translation and Research. Institute of Chinese Culture. 1963. Retrieved 24 April 2014. horizontal tab character in |others= at position 13 (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
• (in French=). Contributors Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, Ecole pratique des hautes études (France). Section des sciences économiques et sociales, École pratique des hautes études (France). Section des sciences historiques et philologiques. Editions de l'Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales. 1988. Retrieved 24 April 2014. horizontal tab character in |others= at position 13 (help)CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• . 光華畫報雜誌社. 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
• . Arsa Raya Perdana. 2004. Retrieved 24 April 2014.

الحواشي

المراجع

• Heidhues, Mary Somers (2001), "Chinese Settlements in Rural Southeast Asia: Unwritten Histories", in Anthony Reid, Sojourners and Settlers: Histories of Southeast Asia and the Chinese, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press .

وصلات خارجية

• Info at Asiawind.com
• Flag of Lanfang Republic at FOTW