مضيق بوسفور

A map depicting the locations of the Turkish Straits, with the Bosphorus in red, and the Dardanelles in yellow. The sovereign national territory of Turkey is highlighted in green.

صورة فضائية لمضيق بوسفور. Close-up satellite image of the Bosphorus strait, taken from the ISS in April 2004. The body of water at the top is the Black Sea, the one at the bottom is the Marmara Sea, and the Bosphorus is the winding vertical waterway that connects the two. The western banks of the Bosphorus constitute the geographic starting point of the European continent, while the banks to the east are the geographic beginnings of the continent of Asia. The city of Istanbul is visible along both banks.

البوسفور ، (بالهجرية Boğaziçi ، باليونانية Βόσπορος)، هومضيق يصل بين البحر الأسود وبحر مرمرة، ويعتبر مع مضيق الدردنيل الحدود الجنوبية بين قارة آسيا وأوربا، ويبلغ طوله 30 كم، ويتراوح عرضه بين (550 متر و3000 متر)، وحسب المعتقدات اليونانية القديمة، فإن تسمية المضيق تعني ممر البقرة.

مياه مضيق البوسفور مصنفة ضمن مجال الملاحة الدولية، وتعتبر حركة السفن بالمضيق واحدة من أبرز نقاط الملاحة البحرية في العالم، حيث بلغ عدد السفن المارة بالمضيق سنة 2003 حوالي 47,000 سفينة منها أكثر من 8000 سفينة تحمل مواد خطيرة (غاز مسال، بترول ... الخ)، وفي سنة 2004 تزايد عدد السفن المارة بالمضيق ووصل عددها أكثر من 53,000 سفينة. يخترق المضيق تيارات مائية خطيرة، وضيق المضيق في بعض المناطق يجعل من الملاحة صعبة ، وقد سقطت الكثير من الحوادث الخطيرة، نذكر منها حادث تصادم سفينتين محملتين بالبترول في 13 مارس 1994 أدت إلى وفاة 25 بحار، وفي 15 يوليو2005، باخرة بانامية غرقت بالمضيق في ظروف غامضة.

جسر محمد الفاتح المار عبر مضيق البوسفور

المعابر

Bosphorus Bridge, the first to be built across the Bosphorus, completed in 1973

Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, the second crossing built in 1988, as seen from the Rumelian Castle on the Bosphorus

Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, the third and most recent crossing, in July 2015. The bridge is slated for completion in 2016.

معرض صور

View of the European side of Istanbul from the southern entrance to the Bosphorus.
View of the European side of Istanbul from the Bosphorus.
View of the entrance to the Bosphorus from the Sea of Marmara, as seen from the Topkapı Palace.
Panoramic view of the Bosphorus as seen from Ulus on the European side, with the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (1988) at left and the Bosphorus Bridge (1973) at right.
Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (1988) and the Bosphorus strait.
Dolmabahçe Palace on the Bosphorus.
View from Topkapi Palace on the Bosphorus.
View of the Bosphorus from the Marmara Hotel, Taksim Square.
The Rumelian Castle on the Bosphorus, with both suspension bridges which span the strait.
620 historic waterfront houses stretch along the coasts of the Bosphorus, such as the yalı of Ahmet Rasim Pasha.
Yalı of Hacı Şefik Bey on the Bosphorus.
Ottoman era waterfront houses on the Bosphorus.
Afif Pasha Mansion on the Bosphorus was designed by Alexander Vallaury.
The quarters of Bebek, Arnavutköy and Yeniköy on the Bosphorus are famous for their fish restaurants.
Ottoman era ) on the Bosphorus.
Ottoman era ) on the Bosphorus.
Ottoman era ) on the Bosphorus.

انظر أيضاً

Bosphorus Bridge, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge.
Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, also called the Second Bosphorus Bridge, located about 5 km north of the Bosphorus Bridge.
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, also called the Third Bosphorus Bridge, currently under construction.
Eurasia Tunnel, undersea tunnel, crossing the Bosphorus for vehicular traffic, currently under construction.
Marmaray, undersea rail tunnel, crossing the Bosphorus and connecting the Asian and European sides of Istanbul.
Public transport in Istanbul
Rail transport in Turkey
Turkish Straits
List of maritime incidents in the Turkish Straits