إعصار آيرن Hurricane Irene، هوإعصار إستوائي على على شمال الأطلسي بدأ في 20 أغسطس 2011، ويعتبر من أخطر الأعاصير التي تهدد السواحل الشرقية للولايات المتحدة وكندا الأطلسية. وهوتاسع عاصفة مسماه، وأول إعصار خطير في موسم أعاصير 2011.

تاريخ الأرصاد الجوية

في 15 أغسطس t 15, 2011, موجة إستوائية إندفعت من الساحل الأفريقى ، حيث توجهت إلى الأطلسي حيث تتميز بظواهر دوران إعصارية على مستوى منخفض تتناوب مع رطوبة مدارية عميقة. إلا أنها ظل واضح المعالم في الوقت الذي يتجه غربا بشكل مطرد لعدة أيام عن طريق جزر الرأس الأخضر وعلى الرغم من أنه في أي وقت ملحوظ الحمل الحراري في الغلاف الجوي وقع أيضا إلى الجنوب الغربي من محوره. كما نأت بنفسها الأمواج عن الجزر، فإن عواصف رعدية تتواصل وتتطور أمطار وتصبح رذاذا في قربها من الشواطىء حيث تظل نادرة، وتصبح واسعة في الشكل العام. في 19 أغسطس , يبدأ هيكل الحمل الحراري في إظهار بوادر التنظيم حيث الضغط الجوي المصاحب ينخفض, مع وجود بيئة مواتية تدريجيا تقع قبل موجة فرصتها لتطوير أوخلق إعصار إستوائى تزداد بشدة . استمر نشاط العواصف الرعدية القوية لتصبح أكثر وضوحا حول منطقة الضغط المنخفض الرئيسية, وبحلول 20 أغسطس فإن مركز الاعاصير الوطني (NHC) لاحظ حتى الأعاصير الاستوائية إكتمل تشكيلها كما بات وشيكا اقتراب الموجة من جزر الأنتيل الصغرى. A طائرة استطلاع الأعاصير أكدت وجود مركز صغير للدوران السطحى الى الجنوب الغربي من انفجار قوي لمنطقة حمل حراري وارتفاع غير عادي [[[الحد الأقصى للرياح |الحد الأقصى للرياح]] ، للرياح | رياحا]] ، التى أشارت إلى نضج كاف يؤهلها for the low to be كى ترقى الى العاصفة الاستوائية ايرين عند الساعة 2300 UTC ذلك اليوم.

وحيث تم تصنيفه, فإن آيرين قد تمركز 190 ميل (305 كم) إلى الشرق من دومنيكان إلى جانب ضعف نظام ضغط مرتفع فوق غرب ووسط المحيط الاطلسي، الأمر الذي أدى إلى أنحدار المسار نحوالغرب والشمال الغربى بالنسبة لمعظم رحلتها عبر شرق البحر الكاريبي. دورانها ذى المستوى المتوسط تواصل ليصبح أفضل على النحوالمنصوص عليه من تلميحات واضحة نطاق الأمطار المنحني إلى الشمال من مركز السطح. في 21 آب الماضي، فإن مركز السطح تم إصلاحه حيث أضحى أقرب إلى العمق الحراري، وعلاوة على ذلك، فإن أنتى سيكلون قدم دعما عاليا تدفق أكثر من الإعصار. مع هيكلية محسنة ، فضلا عن رياح القص خفيفة ودرجات حرارة سطح البحر عالية ، كان من المتسقط حتى آيرين يفترض أن ستتطور قوته إلى قوة الإعصار بالقرب من اليابسة قبل في هيسبانيولا. Over the subsequent day, Irene traced more northward than initially expected—while passing near the island of Saint Croix—toward پوِرتوريكو, where it underwent a considerable increase in strength and organization. Hours later, Irene moved ashore to the southeast near Punta Santiago, with estimated sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). Despite interaction with land, a ragged eye-like feature became evident on radar imagery; in addition, Doppler data indicated wind speeds in excess of hurricane force. Irene was accordingly upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane—the first of the annual season—just after its initial landfall.

With the storm then situated just north of the mountainous coast of Hispaniola, the cyclone deepened only briefly after reemerging over water, and any additional organization during the rest of the day was gradual. Although Irene briefly weakened on August 23, it began to develop a distinct eye encircled by an area of deepening convection the next morning. Moving erratically through the southeast Bahamas over very warm waters, Irene quickly expanded as its outflow aloft became very well established; the cyclone intensified into a Category ثلاثة major hurricane within hours. Irene underwent a partial eyewall replacement cycle, which weakened the hurricane. It developed a distinct eye for a few hours, only to have it obscured again. The hurricane was unable to recover from the cycle, and is not expected to strengthen.

الخصائص

الكاريبي

In response to the formation of Irene, tropical storm warnings were issued for all of the Leeward Islands and پوِرتوريكو. As Irene was forecast to make landfall on Hispaniola, a tropical storm watch was initially issued for the south coast of the Dominican Republic, though it was upgraded to a hurricane warning on August 21 after strengthening was forecast. In light of the expected intensification to hurricane status, a tropical storm warning was also issued for the northern coast fire of that country, while a tropical storm watch was put in effect for all of Haiti; the tropical storm warning for Puerto Rico was simultaneously upgraded to a hurricane watch. Later that day, all of the Dominican Republic was placed under a hurricane warning, with the tropical storm watch for Haiti upgraded to a warning and a tropical storm watch initiated for the southeastern Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. As Irene's forecast track became justified, the latter watch was upgraded to a warning on August 22, while a hurricane watch was declared for the central Bahamas.

الولايات المتحدة

With Irene's projected path fixed over much the United States East Coast, over 65 million people from the Carolinas to Cape Cod were estimated to be at risk. Due to the threat, state officials, as well as ports, industries, oil refineries and nuclear plants, promptly prepared to activate emergency plans; residents in the areas stocked up on food supplies and worked to secure homes, vehicles and boats. A state of emergency was declared for much of the upper East Coast, including كارولينا الشمالية, ڤرجينيا, مريلاند, New Jersey, نيويورك, Connecticut,Rhode Island, and مساتشوستس. Gasoline stations along the East Coast reported shortages on August 26.

كارولينا الشمالية

On August 23, a mandatory evacuation order was issued atخمسة a.m. for Ocracoke Island and Hyde County, North Carolina and Emergency Management already on standby in Charleston and Dorchester counties in South Carolina. Hurricane watches and tropical storm watches were issued midday on August 25. A mandatory evacuation of all tourists for Dare County, North Carolina was issued on August 25. On August 25, Governor Beverly Perdue declared a state of emergency for the state of North Carolina. Governor Perdue also asked President Barack Obama to declare a federal emergency. Also on August 25, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base planned to move jets to Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana. Starting at 1 p.m. on August 25, a mandatory evacuation was issued for all residents and visitors to Carteret County, North Carolina. Four shelters will be set up at Carteret County's schools. Residents at the Bogue Banks are to evacuate startingستة a.m. on August 26. Tourists in Currituck County, North Carolina have been told to move inland.Pamlico Community College located in Grantsboro was opened on August 26 to shelter from the storm. Shelters were open in Nash, Wilson, Halifax, Northampton, and Onslow Counties.Progress Energy announced on August 26 it would have 800 more line workers and 250 tree cutters ready after Hurricane Irene.

ڤيرجينيا

Governor Bob McDonnell declared a state of emergency for Virginia in preparation for any possible effects from the hurricane along coastlines. As of August 25, dozens of vessels at the Norfolk and Newport News shipyards were in the process of evacuating or being prepared to weather the storm, including the carriers Enterprise, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, Theodore Roosevelt, and the construction site of the Gerald R. Ford. The United States Navy has ordered ships to halt their operations and clear the warning zone. Additionally, the cities of Norfolk, Virginia Beach, Newport News, Hampton, and Portsmouth issued voluntary and mandatory evacuations for low-lying areas, as well as oceanfront areas such as Sandbridge. The city of Poquoson ordered a mandatory evacuation for the entire city and Langley Air Force Base closed August 27 except for essential personnel. The United States Army commanded the mandatory evacuation of Fort Monroe, Virginia on August 26. A shelter is to open at Granby High School in Norfolk.

ماريلاند

On August 25, Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley declared a state of emergency in preparation for Irene. The town of Ocean City initiated "phase one" of its contingency plan that same day, which includes a mandatory evacuation order for international workforce students, who will be evacuated to Baltimore. Hours later, phase three of the plan was instituted; it ordered a mandatory evacuation scheduled to start at midnight August 25 for all residents, with the requirement that everyone be evacuated byخمسة p.m. local time, August 26. Similarly, Salisbury University announced that its campus was to be closed fromخمسة p.m. August 26 through August 28, and students moving in on August 25 were advised to return home. On August 26, Dorchester and Wicomico Counties declared states of emergency. Areas of Somerset and Wicomico Counties had mandatory evacuation orders put into place. Shelters have been opened in Dorchester, Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties. The Silopanna Music Festival was cancelled as a result of Irene's expected impact in Maryland.

واشنطن دي سي

Amtrak service from Washington, D.C. southward was cancelled for August 26–28, 2011.Maersk Line schedules were also modified to cope with Hurricane Irene. The storm coincided with the August 28th dedication ceremony for the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial and caused a postponement announcement on August 25. Thousands of sandbags are being put in Washington Metro stations on August 26.

ديلاوير

In Delaware, Governor Jack Markell ordered visitors to evacuate the Delaware beaches effectiveستة p.m. August 25. In addition, he declared a state of emergency. Shelters will open throughout the state on August 26. The Cape May-Lewes Ferry also suspended service on Saturday night and Sunday due to the pending arrival of the hurricane. Toll operations on Delaware Route 1 have been suspended to speed up evacuation along highways. Transit services are expected to be shut down August 27 and 28, while bridges over the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and the Indian River may be closed due to high wind.

پنسلڤانيا

After a long wet season, the eastern parts of Pennsylvania are saturated, and flash flood watches have already been placed on cities like Philadelphia, and the state capital of Harrisburg. High winds are also expected, and could reach hurricane strength up to 80 mph. Philadelphia mayor Michael Nutter expressed that there could be severe devastation in and around the city and surrounding areas. Governor Tom Corbett has declared a state of emergency for Philadelphia. Pennsylvania's Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority is planning to halt all service starting at 12:01 a.m. on August 28. At 2:30 p.m. on August 26, Philadelphia mayor Michael Nutter told residents that he would not issue mandatory evacuations for the city, but rather to use common sense and get out of the city if necessary. Philadelphia plans to open three shelters that are capable of holding 6,000 people on the evening of August 27. The Sunoco Marcus Hook oil refinery has lowered the production rate by 25 percent to 140,000 barrels per day.

نيوجيرزي

In New Jersey, Governor Chris Christie declared a state of emergency. In Cape May County, mandatory evacuations were ordered on August 25 for visitors effective immediately, and for residents on August 26 atثمانية a.m. All Atlantic County shore communities east of Route 9, including Brigantine, Ventnor, Margate and Longport are under a voluntary evacuation atثمانية p.m. August 25 and a mandatory evacuation effectiveستة a.m. August 26. All Atlantic City casino resorts shut down on August 26 as the city faces the first mandatory evacuation in history; the city only underwent a partial evacuation during Hurricane Gloria in 1985. In Ocean County, all of Long Beach Island is under mandatory evacuation atثمانية a.m. on August 26, while evacuations of the Barnegat Peninsula barrier island to the north have been underway. Toll operations have been temporarily suspended on the Garden State Parkway south of the Raritan River and on the Atlantic City Expressway to relieve evacuation traffic. The southbound lanes on the Garden State Parkway south of exit 98 are to be closed atثمانية p.m. on August 26, while east-west bridges and arteries such as Route 70 and Route 72 would be closed to eastbound traffic.Meteorologists noted the potential of up to 16 بوصة (410 mم) of rain in some locations.New Jersey Transit plans to cancel bus service to and from Six Flags Great Adventure on Saturday, August 27 and Sunday, August 28. Governor Chris Christie announced that New Jersey Transit will suspend all operations starting at 12:00 p.m. on Saturday. The Ramapo River floodgates opened in an attempt to reduce flooding by the river. On August 26, traffic on New Jersey Route 47 and New Jersey Route 347 will only be allowed to head west.PSE&G announced that they will have about 6,000 workers to restore power in the state, with 840 lineman and 540 tree contractors.

نيويورك

حاكم ولاية نيويورك أندروكوموأعرب حالة الطوارئ, وقدم إخطارا إلى مخط الدولة لإدارة الطوارئ للاستعداد لاحتمال بلوغها البر أوضربة مباشرة من ايرين.وصدر أمر الاخلاء الاجباري في المناطق المنخفضة من المدينة الساعة 2:00 بعد الظهر في 26 آب.في 25 آب ، العمدة مايكل بلومبرغ أعرب حتى المدينة يفترض أن تعد لإنشاء "نظام مأوى هائل" بالنسبة للمقيمين من دون الوصول إلى أعلى الأرض. ازدياد مستويات مياه البحر من العواصف وتسقط ازدياد المد يمكن ان تؤدي الى اغلاق جزئي أوتام لمتروبوليتان سلطة مواصلات (نيويورك) ، وهواكبر نظام نقل جماعي في القارة الأميريكية، بما في ذلك جميع قطارات الأنفاق والحافلات والركاب سكة حديدية. في جزيرة ستاتن مستشفى جامعة ، كوني ايلاند مستشفى، نيويورك مركز مستشفيات جامعة، وبدأ مستشفى المحاربين القدماء في اجلاء السقمى في 26 أغسطس.هيئة متروبوليتان للنقل ستبدأ اغلاق جميع خدماتها بدءا من ظهر يوم 27 أغسطس. Sixteen nursing homes and adult care facilities are being evacuated. The New York International Fringe Festival cancelled all performances for August 27 and 28. Disney cancelled showings of Mary Poppins and The Lion King for August 27 and 28. The United States Tennis Association cancelled events planned for the US Tennis Open on the weekend Irene approached.

مساتشوستش

On August 26, the Governor of Massachusetts, Deval Patrick, declared a state of emergency in the state, and activated 500 Massachusetts National Guard troops. He also planned to activate an additional 2,000 troops the following day in preparation for the storm. At Gillette Stadium, the Kenny Chesney concert has been moved back from Sunday to Friday.

الآثار

جزر الأنتيل الصغرى

Following its path through the northeastern Caribbean, Irene spread tropical storm conditions across all of the Leeward Islands, causing overall little damage but flooding some low-lying areas. To the south, strong thunderstorms and showers spread over Martinique, though most of the activity occurred prior to development into a tropical cyclone. In spite of the center tracking just north of Guadeloupe's island Grande-Terre, the strongest effects were brought on by Irene's outer rainbands. Tropical storm-force winds generated brief rough seas, with peak wave heights of no more than 18 ft (5.6 m). Accompanying intermittent torrents swept through much of the territory, but overall rainfall was moderate; precipitation totals of between 3.1 and 4.7 in (80 and 120 mm) fell in Basse-Terre during the event. Due to the storm conditions, LIAT was forced to suspend all of its flights in Antigua for early August 22.

Passing near the British Virgin Islands while strengthening, Irene brought gusty winds and heavy precipitation to the territory; however, resultant property damage was minimal. Lightning over Necker Island sparked a large fire at the home of Richard Branson, although all guests—including Kate Winslet—were able to exit the building. Prior to the storm's arrival in the neighboring U.S. Virgin Islands, authorities issued the closure of air- and seaports, as well as the preparation of public shelters. Irene crossed Saint Croix as a strong tropical storm on August 21, though relatively calm winds associated with the passage of its center were recorded over the island. To the north in Saint Thomas, storm conditions became progressively worse; sustained gale-force winds swept across the territory, with a gust of up to 68 mph (110 km/h) recorded at 2120 UTC. Upon impact, the winds and inclement weather caused scattered power outages across all islands.

پورتوريكو

Across Puerto Rico, heavy rains caused extensive damage to roads while hurricane-force winds toppled multiple trees and utility poles, leaving more than 1 million residences without power. President Barack Obama declared a state of emergency. About 121,000 customers were cut off from potable water service at the height of the storm, and islandwide at least 771 people had to take shelter. At higher elevations, winds estimated by radar neared 111 mph (178 km/h). Several rivers overflowed their banks following torrential rains. The Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan reported 2.85 بوصة (72 mم) of rain in a 24-hour period, and winds at that location peaked at 41 ميل/س (66 كم/س) early on August 22. The agricultural sector also suffered losses from the storm, particularly near the location of landfall. High winds uprooted crop plants, and several coffee and banana plantations sustained minor damage. The most affected of the plantains were situated in Yabucoa and Manaubo, where severe flooding washed out copious amounts of banana crop. The rains continued to fall for hours into the wake of the storm, prompting the issuance of flood watches. In total, Irene affected over 1,500 people in Puerto Rico, and one driver was killed after their vehicle was caught in swollen currents. Preliminary estimates indicate structural damage could be as high as $500 million, with additional losses due to the three-day labor suspensions pinned at over $60.4 million.

Although Irene moved ashore along the southern coast, only limited property damage was reported in the region. In Arroyo, the collapse of a retaining wall lead to the partial isolation of a neighborhood, and municipal structural damage from the rains totaled an estimated $2 million. Relatively light rain and winds occurred in Ponce, though a mudslide along mountainous area briefly blocked one road. Similar impact was noted across the western portion of the island, mostly as a consequence of intermittent heavy rain. Subsequent soil saturation triggered multiple landslides that affected several roads in the vicinity of Jayuya; the walls of a local home also succumbed to the rains. Elsewhere, downed trees obscured one local highway, and at least 47 people were accommodated in shelters. In San Sebastián, an electrician repairing dislodged wires suffered leg injuries after falling into a ravine. Further north, much stronger winds buffeted the municipalities of Rincón and Aguadilla, which prompted about 80 residents to evacuate their homes and take shelter.

Offshore near Culebra Island, a sailboat was reported sunken due to rough seas prior to landfall in mainland Puerto Rico. Gale-force winds felled fences and shattered windows, with a flying object piercing through one residence. A total of 46 locals sought refuge to ride out the storm, but one family required post-storm shelter after the roof to their home was lost. On the island of Vieques, similar sustained winds of 51 mph (85 km/h) were recorded, as well as some gusts of up to 71 mph (115 km/h). Some power and telephone service cutoffs were reported, and the island's airport halted its operations.

هسپانيولا

Skirting barely north past Hispaniola, the large storm produced gales and prolonged precipitation in the Dominican Republic, displacing over 37,700 people and leaving at least 88 communities isolated in its wake. Accompanying storm surge affected roughly 200 homes and prompted evacuations along the northern coastlines. The strongest winds also occurred in northern Cibao, where they felled multiple trees and toppled utility poles. Swollen rivers, creeks, and streams caused widespread residential flooding and damage to roads; saturated soil in the region triggered mudslides, causing additional disruptions. Despite its distance, Irene produced extreme rainfall in southern parts of the country that led to many secondary effects. Resultant floods combined with two overflown rivers swept through much of San Cristóbal, causing one bridge to collapse under the rushing waters. The flooding produced at least two drown victims in that area, both later confirmed dead. Elsewhere, another fatality occurred in Cambita Garabitos, and six others were listed as missing. Heavy rainfall also occurred across La Altagracia Province, where one person in Higüey went missing and hundreds were evacuated. Most of the damage in the region occurred due to flooded rivers, with some agricultural losses reported. In all, Irene affected at least 2,292 households according to preliminary reports, with 16 houses rendered beyond repair.

In Haiti, heavy rains flooded houses and destroyed roads in the country. Additionally, landslides also occurred, which lead to agricultural damage. Hurricane Irene caused two fatalities occurred in Haiti.

هجرس وكايوس والبهاما

Irene passed over the British Overseas Territory of Turks and Caicos Islands as a Category 1 hurricane. High winds produced by the storm blew off roofs and downed powerlines throughout the territory. In Cockburn Town, there were reports of power outages, and light poles were toppled. Many homes on Grand Turk Island also reported a loss of electricity during Irene's passage.

A major hurricane, Irene trekked right through the Bahamas, with its eye making landfall on several of the islands. Extreme winds damaged at least 40 homes on Mayaguana Island, and dozens of homes on Acklins were completely obliterated. On the latter island, the hurricane allegedly wiped out 90 percent of the Lovely Bay settlement. Similar winds tore off the roof and shattered the windows out of a high school on Crooked Island, where wind gusts as high as 99 mph (159 km/h) were reported. As well, a local church on the island partially collapsed due to the storm. In New Providence and Grand Bahama, only limited impact occurred; businesses operations were scheduled to return to normal shortly after the storm. Despite the overall extensive structural damage inflicted, Irene did not leave any fatalities on the islands in its wake.

الولايات الأمريكية

By late August 25, there were 677 flight cancellations and 3,691 delays in North America, according to FlightStats.com. Numerous airlines established special change fee waiver policies for the hurricane.

فلوريدا

As Irene passed to the east of فلوريدا, sparing it, its rainbands produced intermittent squalls and torrents over southeastern coastlines. The storm also produced waves reaching as high as 12 قدم (3.7 م); rough surf in the Boynton Inlet injured at least six people, with one of them reported to be in critical condition. In Lantana, the large waves swept over seawalls and went on to destroy a lifeguard tower. Beach erosion was also reported, although it was not significant. Onshore, relatively light winds occurred; the Lake Worth pier reporting a peak gust of 40 mph (65 km/h), with the Palm Beach International Airport recording no more than 31 ميل/س (50 كم/س) winds. Light rainfall also occurred in the area; the Palm Beach airport recorded close to 1 بوصة (25 mم) of precipitation, while the Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport reported 2.67 بوصة (68 mم).Florida Power & Light reported a few scattered power outages in southern Florida.

كارولينا الشمالية والجنوبية

Owing to its unusually large windfield, Irene began to affect local coastlines with gusts and sporadic showers, even while remaining well offshore. Gale-force winds picked up through the Lowcountry during the afternoon of August-26, with a gust of 55 mph (89 km/h) measured at a coastal marine observing site on Folly Island. Scattered power outages left over 4000 residences in the dark, mostly due to toppled utility poles. The winds also felled trees and generated rough surf along Charleston County coastlines; minor beach erosion was noted, and one kite boarder went missing at sea near Isle of Palms. Elsewhere in that county, a downed tree trapped several people in their vehicle, though they were all safely rescued. Tropical storm-force winds also swept through the Outer Banks, producing waves of 6-9 ft (1.8-2.7 m).

تأثيره على الرياضة

Many sports teams were forced to re-schedule their games. The Boston Red Sox and Philadelphia Phillies rescheduled their game against the Oakland Athletics and the Florida Marlins for August 27. The Saturday and Sunday games between the New York Mets and Atlanta Braves have been postponed. The New York Giants rescheduled their game against the New York Jets from 0200 August 29 UTC to 2100 August 28 UTC and the Barclays tournament will be shortened to 54 holes. A MLS soccer game between Portland Timbers and D.C. United was postponed. The New Haven Open at Yale has been postponed from 1 p.m. toخمسة p.m.

معلومات حول العاصفة الحالية

As ofخمسة p.m. EDT (2100 UTC) August 26, Hurricane Irene is located within 15 nautical miles of , about 265 mi (425 km) south-southwest of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Maximum sustained winds are now at 85 knots (100 mph, 125 km/h), with stronger gusts. Minimum central pressure is 951 mbar (hPa; 28.08 inHg), and the system is moving north at 12 kt (14 mph, 22 km/h).

Irene is a very large storm; hurricane force winds extend up to 90 miles (150 km) from the center of Irene, and tropical storm force winds up to 290 miles (465 km) from the center.

For the latest official information see:

• The National Hurricane Center's latest Public Advisory on Hurricane Irene
• The National Hurricane Center's latest Forecast Discussion on Hurricane Irene
• The Canadian Hurricane Centre's Hurricane Track Information - Hurricane Irene
• The Canadian Hurricane Centre's Tropical Cyclone Information Statements - General Discussion - Hurricane Irene
• The Canadian Hurricane Centre's Tropical Cyclone Information Statements - Technical Discussion - Hurricane Irene

انظر أيضا

• موسم أعاصير المحيط الأطلسي 2011
• خط زمني لموسم أعاصير المحيط الأطلسي 2011
• إعصار فلويد
• إعصار دونا

المصادر

وصلات خارجية

مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons:خطأ لوا في وحدة:WikidataIB على السطر 496: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|خطأ لوا في وحدة:WikidataIB على السطر 496: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).]].

• The NHC's advisory archive for Hurricane Irene
• NASA's storm data on Hurricane Irene