گلوستر متيور

گلوستر متيور; Meteor
	Operational RAF Meteor F.4 in July 1955
الوظيفة	مقاتلة
المـُصـَنـِّـع	شركة طائرات گلوستر
أول تحليق	5 مارس 1943
قـُدِّمـَت	27 يوليو1944
أحيلت للتقاعد	1980s (RAF target tugs/Ecuador combat roles)
المستخدم الرئيسي	القوات الجوية الملكية; القوات الجوية الاسترالية الملكية ; القوات الجوية البلجيكية ; القوات الجوية الإسرائيلية
العدد المبني	3,947

گلوستر متيور Gloster Meteor ، أول مقاتلة بريطانية بمحرك نفاث ، كان أول تحليق لها في عام 1943، وبدأت عملياتها في 27 يوليو1944 .

التطور

التصميم

الخدمات التطبيقية

الحرب العالمية الثانية

Gloster Meteor F.3s with original short engine nacelles

بعد الحرب

المقاتلة الليلية

Operational Meteor NF.11 of No. 151 Squadron RAF in 1955

Privately owned Gloster Meteor NF.11 in 2005. Built by Armstrong Whitworth in 1952 at their Baginton (Coventry) factory.

الخدمة خلال الحرب الكورية

No. 77 Squadron RAAF pilots and Meteor aircraft in Korea

الخدمة في الأرجنتين

الخدمة في مصر

متيور القوات الجوية الفرنسية

متيور إسرائيلي

سجل الإعداد

The Sapphire Meteor WA820 on display at Farnborough Airshow in 1951

استخدامات أخرى

المتغيرات

گلوستر F.9/40: Prototypes, eight built -

DG202/G powered by two Rover W2B jet engines, first flown 24 July 1943.
DG203/G powered by two Power Jets W2/500 engines, first flownتسعة November 1943.
DG204/G powered by two Metrovik F2 axial jet engines, unlike the other F.9/40s the engines were mounted under the wing, first flown 13 November 1943.
DG205/G powered by two Rover W2B/23 jet engines, first flown 12 June 1943.
DG206/G powered by two Halford H1 jet engines, the first to fly onخمسة March 1943.
DG207/G powered by two Halford H1 jet engines, first flown 24 July 1945, became the prototype F.2 variant.
DG208/G powered by two Rover W2B/23 engines, first flown 20 January 1944.
DG209/G powered by two Rover W2B/27 engines, first flown 18 April 1944.

متيور F.1: First production aircraft built between 1943 and 1944, 20 built.
Meteor F.1, Trent turboprop

The sole Trent Meteor

One-off engine test bed, built 1945, designated EE227, for the new and highly successful Rolls-Royce Trent turboprop engine making it the world's first turboprop-powered aircraft.
متيور F.2: Alternative engined version – only one built.
متيور F.3: Derwent I powered with sliding canopy, first flown 11 September 1944, 210 built (first 15 were Welland-powered)

F.4, previously used by the Argentinian Air Force.

متيور F.4: Derwentخمسة powered with strengthened fuselage, 489 built by Glosters and 46 by Armstrong Whitworth for the Royal Air Force. The F.4 was also exported to Argentina (50 aircraft), Belgium (48 aircraft), Denmark (20 aircraft), Egypt (12 aircraft), Netherlands (38 aircraft).
متيور FR.5: One-off fighter reconnaissance version of the F.4, fitted with vertical cameras in the nose instead of the four cannon and had obliques cameras in the fuselage, destroyed on maiden flight 15 June 1949.
متيور F.6: Proposed swept-wing variant of the F.4, not built.
متيور T.7: Two-seat trainer variant of the F.4, company prototype first flew 19 March 1948, 640 production aircraft for the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy (43) and 72 for export (Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Egypt, France, Israel, Netherlands). Avions Fairey modified 20 Belgian Air Force F.4s to T.7 standard.

A77-871 (WK791) F.8, used by the Royal Australian Air Force

متيور F.8: Greatly improved from the F.4. Longer fuselage, greater fuel capacity, standard ejection seat and modified tail (derived from the E.1/44). This variant was a prolific frontline fighter in RAF squadron service, 1950–54.
Meteor F.8 Prone Pilot: One-off experimental prone pilot F.8, WK935 modified by Armstrong Whitworth.

The sole "prone pilot" experimental testbed.
متيور FR.9: Fighter armed reconnaissance version of the F.8, first flown 23 March 1950, 126 built by Glosters for the Royal Air Force. Former RAF aircraft were later sold to Ecuador, Israel and Syria.
متيور PR.10: Photo reconnaissance version of the F.8, first flown 29 March 1950, 59 built for the Royal Air Force.
متيور NF.11: Night Fighter variant with Airborne Interception (AI) radar designed and built by Armstrong Whitworth, three prototypes followed by 311 production aircraft for the Royal Air Force and 20 for the Royal Danish Air Force.
متيور NF.12: Longer nosed version of the NF.11 with American AN/APS-21 radar, this was balanced by a slightly larger fin, first flown on 21 April 1953, 100 built by Armstrong Whitworth.
متيور NF.13: Tropicalised version of the NF.11 to replace the Mosquito NF.36 for service with 39 Squadron in Malta and Cyprus and 219 Squadron based in Egypt. The first of 40 production aircraft built by Armstrong Whitworth was first flown on 21 December 1952. Former Royal Air Force aircraft were later sold to Egypt (6 aircraft), France (2 aircraft), Israel (6 aircraft) and Syria (6 aircraft).
متيور NF.14: NF.11 with new two-piece blown canopy rather than the heavy-framed version. It also had a longer nose giving a length of 51 ft أربعة in. Protoype modified from an NF.11 was first flown 23 October 1953 and was followed by 100 production aircraft built by Armstrong Whitworth for the Royal Air Force.
متيور U.15: Target drone conversion of the F.4, 92 modified by Flight Refuelling Ltd.
متيور U.16: Target drone conversion of the F.8, 108 modified by Flight Refuelling.
متيور TT.20: High speed target towing conversion of the NF.11 for the Royal Navy by Armstrong Whitworth, 20 former Royal Air Force NF.11s were modified. Four additional conversions of four NF.11s of Royal Danish Air Force, after conversion these were flown by civil operators on behalf of the Danish military.
متيور U.21: Target drone conversion of the F.8 for the Royal Australian Air Force by Flight Refuelling, some aircraft modified in Australia by Fairey Aviation of Australasia using Flight Refueling supplied modification kits.
Ground Attack Fighter: Also known as the Reaper, it was a F.8 modified by Gloster as a private venture ground attack fighter. The modification allowed the carriage of external Rocket-Assisted Take-Off Gear (RATOG), added a ventral cannon and tip tanks. First flown أربعة September 1950, only one was built.

المشغلون

مشغلون عسكريون

الأرجنتين

Argentine Air Force ordered 100 F.4s in May 1947, comprising 50 ex-RAF aircraft and 50 newly built. Deliveries started in July that year, the Meteor remaining in service until 1970, when the last examples were replaced by Dassault Mirage IIIs.

أستراليا

Royal Australian Air Force operated 104 aircraft from 1946 to 1947 and 1951 to 1963.
- No. 22 Squadron RAAF
- No. 23 Squadron RAAF
- No. 75 Squadron RAAF
- No. 77 Squadron RAAF

بلجيكا

Belgian Air Force received 40 aircraft of F.4 variant, 43 of T.7 variant, 240 of F.8 variant and 24 aircraft of NF.11 variant.

بيافرا

Biafran Air Force purchased two Meteor NF 14s through a cover company. One crashed during a ferry flight between Madeira and Cape Verde, while the second was abandoned at Bissau, Portuguese Guinea. An attempt to purchase a further two ex-Danish target tugs via a German intermediary was discovered by the Bundesnachrichtendienst, the West German intelligence service, and stopped by grounding the aircraft.

البرازيل

Brazilian Air Force received 62 aircraft in F.8 and TF.7 variants.
2°/1°GAvCa
1°/1°GAvCa
1°/14°GAv

كندا

Royal Canadian Air Force — from 1945 to 1950, one Meteor III and Meteor T.7 were used for tests and evaluation by the RCAF.

الدنمارك

Royal Danish Air Force

إكوادور

Ecuadorian Air Force

مصر

Royal Egyptian Air Force

فرنسا

French Air Force

ألمانيا الغربية

Luftwaffe – Meteor TT.20 target towing aircraft.

إسرائيل

Israeli Air Force

هولندا

Royal Netherlands Air Force
Dutch Naval Aviation Service

نيوزيلندا

Royal New Zealand Air Force
- No. 14 Squadron RNZAF operated two Meteor T.7 aircraft hired from the RAF.

جنوب أفريقيا

South African Air Force – Meteor F.3 aircraft, in service from 1946 to 1949.

السويد

Swedish Air Force operated Meteors by Svensk Flygtjanst under Air Force contract.

سوريا

Syrian Air Force

المملكة المتحدة

Royal Air Force

- No. 1 Squadron RAF
- No. 2 Squadron RAF
- No.خمسة Squadron RAF
- No.ثمانية Squadron RAF
- No. 11 Squadron RAF
- No. 13 Squadron RAF
- No. 19 Squadron RAF
- No. 25 Squadron RAF
- No. 29 Squadron RAF
- No. 33 Squadron RAF
- No. 34 Squadron RAF
- No. 39 Squadron RAF
- No. 41 Squadron RAF
- No. 43 Squadron RAF
- No. 46 Squadron RAF
- No. 54 Squadron RAF

- No. 56 Squadron RAF
- No. 60 Squadron RAF
- No. 63 Squadron RAF
- No. 64 Squadron RAF
- No. 65 Squadron RAF
- No. 66 Squadron RAF
- No. 68 Squadron RAF
- No. 72 Squadron RAF
- No. 74 Squadron RAF
- No. 79 Squadron RAF
- No. 81 Squadron RAF
- No. 85 Squadron RAF
- No. 87 Squadron RAF
- No. 91 Squadron RAF
- No. 92 Squadron RAF
- No. 96 Squadron RAF

- No. 111 Squadron RAF
- No. 124 Squadron RAF
- No. 125 Squadron RAF
- No. 141 Squadron RAF
- No. 151 Squadron RAF
- No. 152 Squadron RAF
- No. 153 Squadron RAF
- No. 208 Squadron RAF
- No. 219 Squadron RAF
- No. 222 Squadron RAF
- No. 234 Squadron RAF
- No. 245 Squadron RAF
- No. 247 Squadron RAF
- No. 256 Squadron RAF
- No. 257 Squadron RAF

- No. 263 Squadron RAF
- No. 264 Squadron RAF
- No. 266 Squadron RAF
- No. 500 Squadron RAF
- No. 504 Squadron RAF
- No. 527 Squadron RAF
- No. 541 Squadron RAF
- No. 600 Squadron RAF
- No. 601 Squadron RAF
- No. 604 Squadron RAF
- No. 609 Squadron RAF
- No. 610 Squadron RAF
- No. 611 Squadron RAF
- No. 615 Squadron RAF
- No. 616 Squadron RAF

Fleet Air Arm

- 700 Naval Air Squadron
- 702 Naval Air Squadron
- 703 Naval Air Squadron

- 728 Naval Air Squadron
- 736 Naval Air Squadron
- 759 Naval Air Squadron

- 764 Naval Air Squadron
- 767 Naval Air Squadron
- 771 Naval Air Squadron

- 781 Naval Air Squadron
- 806 Naval Air Squadron
- 813 Naval Air Squadron

الولايات المتحدة

United States Army Air Forces tested one aircraft and returned it to UK after tests.

مشغلون مدنيون

المملكة المتحدة

DERA Llanbedr
Martin-Baker Aircraft Company
Flight Refuelling Ltd (FRL) were lent the RAF Meteor III EE397 for use in probe-and-drogue trials. This aircraft set a world jet endurance record of 12 hours and ثلاثة minutes onسبعة August 1949

Preserved Meteor NF11 displays at Kemble, إنگلترة, in 2009

الناجون

مواصفات (متيور F.8)

نطقب:3-view نطقب:3-view

البيانات من The Great Book of Fightersand Quest for Performance

السمات العامة

الطاقم: 1
الطول: 44 ftسبعة in (13.59 m)
بحر الجناحين: 37 ft 2 in (11.32 m)
الارتفاع: 13 ft 0 in (3.96 m)
الباع مساحة: 350 ft² (32.52 m²)
الوزن الفارغ: 10,684 lb (4,846 kg)
الوزن القائم: 15,700 lb (7,121 kg)
المحرك: 2 × Rolls-Royce Derwentثمانية turbojets, 3,500 lbf (15.6 kN) each

الأداء

أقصى سرعة: 600 mph (522 knots, 965 km/h, Mach 0.82) at 10,000 ft (3,050 m)
النطاق: 600 mi (522 nmi, 965 km)
سقف الخدمة: 43,000 ft (13,100 m)
معدل التسلق: 7,000 ft/min (35.6 m/s)
تحميل الجناح: 44.9 lb/ft² (149 kg/m²)
الدفع/الوزن الأدنى: 0.45
Time to altitude: 5.0 min to 30,000 ft (9,145 m)

التسليح

المدافع: أربعة × 20 mm British Hispano cannons
الصواريخ: Provision for up to sixteen "60lb" ثلاثة in rockets or eightخمسة in HVAR rockets. under outer wings
القنابل: two 1.000 lb (454 kg)

انظر أيضا

Gloster E.28/39
Heinkel He 178

طائرات شبيهة

de Havilland Vampire
Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
مسرشميدت أم اي 262
Nakajima J9Y

قوائم ذات صلة

List of World War II jet aircraft
List of aircraft of World War II

المصادر

الهوامش

الاستشهادات

^ "Jet Pilot Flies on His Stomach in British Experiment." Popular Mechanics, July 1954, p. 139.
^ James 1987, pp. 300–302.
^ James 1987, pp. 302–303.
^ James 1987, pp. 283–286.
^ James 1971, p. 262.
^ Cicaleso, del Gaizo and Rivas 2003, p. 69.
^ Cicaleso, del Gaizo and Rivas 2003, p. 72.
^ Williams Aeroplane Monthly July 1995, p. 44.
^ Williams Aeroplane Monthly July 1995, pp. 46–47.
^ Jefford 2001, p. 175.
^ Caruana and Franks 2004, pp. 124–125.
^ Sturtivant, Ray and Theo Ballance. The Squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd, 1994. ISBN 0-85130-223-8.
^ Green 2001
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Loftin

قائمة المراجع

Andrews, C.F. "The Gloster Meteor F.8" Aircraft in Profile, Volume 1/Part1. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 4th revised edition 1975 (first published in 1965). ISBN 0-85383-410-5.
Ashley, Glenn. Meteor in Action. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc., 1995. ISBN 0-89747-332-9.
Bowyer, Chaz. Postwar Military Aircraft 2: Gloster Meteor. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allen Ltd., 1985. ISBN 0-7110-1477-9.
Boyne, Walter J. Air Warfare: an International Encyclopedia: M-Z. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2002. ISBN 1-57607-345-9.
Butler, Phil and Tony Buttler. Gloster Meteor: Britain's Celebrated First-Generation Jet. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland Publishing, 2007. ISBN 1-85780-230-6.
Caruana, Richard J. and Richard A. Franks. The Gloster & AW Meteor. Kingsway, Bedford, UK: SAM Publications, 2004. ISBN 0-9533465-8-7.
Cicalesi, Juan Carlos and Santiago Rivas. "Argentina's Meteors: Latin America's first jet fighters". International Air Power Review, Volume 7, Winter 2002. pp. 120–128. Norwalk, Connecticut, USA: AIRtime Publishing. ISBN 1-880588-X. ISSN 1473-9917.
Cicalesi, Juan Carlos, César del Gaizo and Santiago Rivas. "Into the Jet Age: The Gloster Meteor in Argentina". Air Enthusiast No. 104, March/April 2003, pp. 68–73. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. ISSN 0143-5450.
Golly, John and Bill Gunston. Jet. Eloy Gutierrez, 2010. ISBN 1-90747-200-2.
Goulding, James. Interceptor: RAF Single Seat Multi-Gun Fighters. London: Ian Allen, 1986. ISBN 0-7110-1583-X.
Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Great Book of Fighters. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1194-3.
Harrison, W.A. "Forgotten Breed... The RAF's Last 'Shufti' Meteors". Air Enthusiast, No 93, May/June 2001, pp. 26–33. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. ISSN 0143 5450.
James, Derek N. Gloster Aircraft since 1917. London: Putnam, 1971. ISBN 0-370-00084-6.
Jefford, Wing Commander C.G., MBE,BA,RAF (Retd). RAF Squadrons, A Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-84037-141-2.
Jones, Barry. Gloster Meteor. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press Ltd., 1998. ISBN 1-86126-162-4.
King, H. F., M.B.E.. "Mars to Javelin, Gloster aircraft of forty years". Flight and Aircraft Engineer, May 1955, No. 2418 Vol. 67. p. 729.
Loftin, L.K. Jr. Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft. NASA SP-468. Retrieved: 22 April 2006.
Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter Since 1912. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 1992. ISBN 1-55750-082-7.
Nicolle, David. "Suez: The Other Side: Part Two". Air Enthusiast, No 112, July/August 2004. pp. 48–57. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. ISSN 0143 5450.
Nicolle, David. "Suez: The Other Side: Part Three". Air Enthusiast, No 113, September/October2004. pp. 36–44. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. ISSN 0143 5450.
Nicolle, David. "Suez: The Other Side: Part Four". Air Enthusiast, No 112, November/December2004. pp. 52–60. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. ISSN 0143 5450.
Partridge, J.J. "The Gloster Meteor F.IV" Aircraft in Profile, Volume 4. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 2nd revised edition 1970 (original in 1966). ISBN 0-85383-013-4.
Pavelec, Sterling Michael. The Jet Race and the Second World War. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing, 2007. ISBN 0-27599-355-8.
Shacklady, Edward. The Gloster Meteor. London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1962.
Spick, Mike. The Illustrated Directory of Fighters. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint, 2002. ISBN 0-76031-343-1.
Williams, Ray. "The Night-Fighting Meteor". Air Enthusiast, Twenty-five, August–November 1984, pp. 44–59. Bromley, Kent, UK: Fine Scroll. ISSN 0143-5450.
Williams, Ray. "Meteor Night Fighters: Part One". Aeroplane Monthly, April 1995, Vol. 23, No 4, Issue No. 264, pp. 6–10.
Williams, Ray. "Meteor Night Fighters: Part Two". Aeroplane Monthly, May 1995, Vol. 23, No 5, Issue No. 265, pp. 18–22.
Williams, Ray. "Meteor Night Fighters: Part Three". Aeroplane Monthly, June 1995, Vol. 23, No 6, Issue No. 266, pp. 10–24.
Williams, Ray. "Meteor Night Fighters: Part Four". Aeroplane Monthly, July 1995, Vol. 24 No 1, Issue No. 267, pp. 42–47.
Yonay, Ehud. No Margin for Error: The Making of the Israeli Air Force. New York: Pantheon Books, 1993. ISBN 978-0679415633.
Zuk, Bill. Janusz Zurakowski: Legends in the Sky. St. Catharine's, Ontario: Vanwell, 2004. ISBN 1-55125-083-7.

وصلات خارجية

{{Commons <a class="inlineAdmedialink" href="#">category</a>|Gloster Meteor|Gloster Meteor

Preserving the Gloster aviation heritage
Temora Aviation Museum Meteor F 8
Meteor flight
Warbird Alley: Meteor
Imperial War Museum Duxford: Meteor F 8
Jewish Virtual Library: Meteor
Vic Flintham (aviation historian): Meteor
Jets 35: Trent engine
2 Sqn Association Meteor album
Archival RAF film from 1948 on fighter tactics around bomber formations, in collaboration with the USAAF.
1945
1945