جرن
الجرن barn، هي مبنى زراعي عادة ما يستخدم في المزارع لأغراض مختلفة. في أمريكا الشمالية، تشير حدثة مغرسة إلى المباني التي تأوي الماشية، وتضم الأبقار والخيل، وكذلك المعدات والأعلاف وغالباً الحبوب. نتيجة لذلك، فيستخدم مصطلح الجرن للإشارة إلى جرن التبغ، جرن الألبان، جرن الخراف، جرن البطاطس. في الجزر البريطانية يقتصر استخدام مصطلح الجرن على مباني التخزين المخصصة للحبوب الغير مطحونة وللأعلاف. وتوجد الحظائر غالبا في المزارع أوفي المزارع القديمة المهجورة. والزريبة هي الجرن المعدة لحفظ البقر.
التسمية
التاريخ
الإنشاء
الاستخدامات
الخصائص
الأنواع
مباني زراعية أخرى مرتبطة بالحظائر
مباني زراعية تاريخية
معرض الصور
Half-timbered barn with brick infill. Uetersen, Germany. This barn's proportions resemble a Low German house.
Half-timbered with wattle-work walls for ventilation. Stryd Lydan Barn, originally at Llannerch Banna, Flintshire, North Wales. Re-erected at the St Fagans National History Museum, Cardiff, Wales in 1951.
Wattle work walls in a sheep barn in Ruurlo, Netherlands
Half-timbered barn walls with stone infill. Rödinghausen, Germany.
A barn (ovin) in the museum-estate of Surikov. Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Half-timbered wall with wattle and daub infill. Some of the plaster coating survives. Rödinghausen, Germany.
A rare half-timbered barn with board infill in Syke, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Grange barn, Coggeshall, England. This is a studded barn so the wall sheathing must be applied horizontally and covered with a siding material in this case clapboards (weatherboards).
A type of barn in Metylovice, Czech Republic with stone piers and an infill of horizontal timbers.
Board-on-board siding and a thatch roof on this three bay barn in Bartoszówka, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland.
Timber framed with the sheathing covered in clapboards. New Hampshire, U.S.A.
Rare walls of boards and thatch. Drenthe, Netherlands
Gable end of a brick barn with ventilation holes built into the brickwork.
LImestone walls in the Oak Hall Historic District, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Stone barns are common in parts of the United Kingdom, United States, France, and some Mediterranean countries. The projecting stones are a style in part of England.
Abidiah Taylor Barn Chester County, Pennsylvania. Part of the Taylor-Cope Historic District. Built in either 1724 (date stone) or 1744 (wooden beam investigation), it is one of the oldest extant barns in the United States. Field stone walls.
The combination of brick quoins with flint walls is common in (mostly older) buildings in this area of the Chilterns, Oxfordshire, England.
A rare wall material is Cob which is similar to adobe. Devon, England.
Round log barn in the skansen (open-air museum) in Sanok, Poland
Hewn log barn painted red in Hedemora, Sweden.
No walls are a characteristic of what in the United Kingdom is called a Dutch barn.
Corrugated metal siding
انظر أيضاً
- Barn Church, Kew
- Barn conversion
- Barn raising
- Barnyard
- Farmhouse
- Functionally classified barn
- Gambrel roof
- Gin gang or round house — an extension to a threshing barn. It contained a horse driven engine, used to power a threshing machine. Sometimes called a wheel house. Water power and wind power were also used to drive the machine, and by the 1850s portable steam engine machines were used. Horse-engines, original threshing or winnowing machines are exceptionally rare.
- Hayrack
- Historic Barns of Connecticut
- National Barn Dance
- Dairy
- Dovecote — built to house pigeons, which provided variety to the diets of high-status households and a rich source of manure. Examples survive from the medieval period.
- Scaffold (barn)
- Shed
- The Wonderful Barn
- Treppenspeicher
- Barn dance
- Ovinnik
المصادر
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009. Threshold.
- ^ Allen G. Noble, Traditional Buildings: A Global Survey of Structural Forms and Cultural Functions (New York: Tauris, 2007), 30.
- ^ "Byre | Define Byre at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
- ^ Byre | Define Byre at Dictionary.com
- ^ Cattelan, Maurizio. Von Mäusen und Menschen: 4. Berlin Biennale für zeitgenössische Kunst = Of mice and men : 4th Berlin Biennial for Contemporary Art. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2006. 89. Print.
وصلات خارجية
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Barns. |
نطقب:Commons Category
- Dairy Barn History
- www.thebarnjournal.org
- National Barn Alliance
- Books about barns
- Barn Again! program
- Timber Framers Guild
- Paper on barns in Hungry
- The Spanish borda (borde) is a type of barn or housebarn
- Excellent paper on historic barns, focus on Ohio, USA
- Barn types and information from the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission