روبرت بيرد
 |
| Robert C. Byrd | |
|---|---|
|
United States Senator from ڤرجنيا الغربية | |
|
في المنصب January 3, 1959 – June 28, 2010 | |
| سبقه | W. Chapman Revercomb |
| خلفه | TBD |
| President pro tempore of the United States Senate | |
|
في المنصب January 3, 1989 – January 3, 1995 | |
| سبقه | John C. Stennis |
| خلفه | Strom Thurmond |
|
في المنصب January 3, 2001 – January 20, 2001 | |
| سبقه | Strom Thurmond |
| خلفه | Strom Thurmond |
|
في المنصب June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003 | |
| سبقه | Strom Thurmond |
| خلفه | Ted Stevens |
|
في المنصب January 3, 2007 – June 28, 2010 | |
| سبقه | Ted Stevens |
| خلفه | Daniel Inouye |
| 13th and 16th United States Senate Majority Leader | |
|
في المنصب January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1981 | |
| نائب | Alan Cranston |
| سبقه | Mike Mansfield (D) |
| خلفه | Howard Baker (R) |
|
في المنصب January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1989 | |
| نائب | Alan Cranston |
| سبقه | Bob Dole (R) |
| خلفه | George Mitchell (D) |
| 16th United States Senate Minority Leader | |
|
في المنصب January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1987 | |
| Deputy | Alan Cranston |
| سبقه | Howard Baker (R) |
| خلفه | Bob Dole (R) |
| 16th United States Senate Majority Whip | |
|
في المنصب January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1977 | |
| زعيم | Mike Mansfield (D) |
| سبقه | Ted Kennedy (D) |
| خلفه | Alan Cranston (D) |
| عضومجلس النواب الأمريكي عن الدائرة 6th في West Virginia | |
|
في المنصب January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1959 | |
| سبقه | E.H. Hedrick |
| خلفه | John M. Slack, Jr. |
| Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee | |
|
في المنصب January 3, 1989 – January 3, 1995 | |
| سبقه | John Stennis |
| خلفه | Mark Hatfield |
|
في المنصب January 3, 2001 – January 20, 2001 | |
| سبقه | Ted Stevens |
| خلفه | Ted Stevens |
|
في المنصب June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003 | |
| سبقه | Ted Stevens |
| خلفه | Ted Stevens |
|
في المنصب January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2009 | |
| سبقه | Thad Cochran |
| خلفه | Daniel Inouye |
| تفاصيل شخصية | |
| وُلِد |
Cornelius Calvin Sale, Jr. نوفمبر 20, 1917 North Wilkesboro, North Carolina, الولايات المتحدة |
| توفي | يونيو28, 2010 (عن عمر 92 عاماً) Falls Church, Virginia, الولايات المتحدة |
| الحزب | الديمقراطي |
| الزوج | Erma Ora Byrd (m. 1937–2006; her death) |
| الأنجال | Mona Byrd Fatemi Marjorie Byrd Moore |
| الإقامة | Sophia, West Virginia |
| الجامعة الأم |
Marshall University American University – Washington College of Law |
| المهنة | Politician, Attorney |
| الدين | American Baptist Church |
| التوقيع | |
| المسقط الإلكتروني | U.S. Senator Robert C. Byrd |
روبرت كارلايل بيرد Robert Carlyle Byrd (و.Cornelius Calvin Sale, Jr.;20 نوفمبر، 1917 – 28 يونيو، 2010) هوسناتور أمريكي ديموقراطي من ڤرجنيا الغربية. , كان سناتور من 1959 حتى 2010 وكان كثر نواب الكونگرس من حيث سنوات الخدمة في تاريخ الكونگرس الأمريكي.
السيرة الذاتية
العائلة
السنتاتور بيرد، زوجته إرما، وكلبهما تروبل.
Ku Klux Klan
| ” | I shall never fight in the armed forces with a Negro by my side... Rather I should die a thousand times, and see Old Glory trampled in the dirt never to rise again, than to see this beloved land of ours become degraded by race mongrels, a throwback to the blackest specimen from the wilds. | “ |
|
— Robert C. Byrd, in a letter to Sen. Theodore Bilbo (D-MS), 1944,
|
| ” | I know now I was wrong. Intolerance had no place in America. I apologized a thousand times... and I don't mind apologizing over and over again. I can't erase what happened. | “ |
|
— Robert C. Byrd,
|
العمل السياسية المبكر
الخدمة في الكونگرس
سجل الخدمة العامة
An earlier portrait of Robert Byrd
مهام اللجان
-
Committee on Appropriations
- Subcommittee on Defense
- Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
- Subcommittee on Homeland Security (Chairman)
- Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
- Subcommittee on Military Construction and Veterans Affairs
- Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
-
Committee on Armed Services
- Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities
- Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support
- Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
- Committee on the Budget
- Committee on Rules and Administration
Filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Majority Whip Byrd meeting with President Gerald Ford
دوره القيادي
Detail of the Senate desk used by Democratic leaders, including Byrd
President pro tempore Byrd and House Speaker Dennis Hastert presided over a special joint session following the September 11, 2001 attacks. Here President Bush shakes hands with Byrd.
التاريخ النيابي
Byrd and Dr Richard Baker, a Senate historian
Byrd with farmers from West Virginia
آراؤه السياسية
سجل التصويت
Senate Majority Leader Robert Byrd
العرق والعلاقات العرقية
Portrait of Byrd as Majority Leader
| ” | They're much, much better than they've ever been in my lifetime ... I think we talk about race too much. I think those problems are largely behind us ... I just think we talk so much about it that we help to create somewhat of an illusion. I think we try to have good will. My old mom told me, 'Robert, you can't go to heaven if you hate anybody.' We practice that. There are white niggers. I've seen a lot of white niggers in my time, if you want to use that word. We just need to work together to make our country a better country, and I'd just as soon quit talking about it so much. | “ |
| ” | I apologize for the characterization I used on this program ... The phrase dates back to my boyhood and has no place in today's society ... In my attempt to articulate strongly held feelings, I may have offended people. | “ |
حرب العراق
Byrd with Secretary of Defense-designate Robert Gates, November 30, 2006
Byrd with then-Lieutenant General David Petraeus, January 23, 2007
In a speech on March 13 he stated,
| ” | If the United States leads the charge to war in the Persian Gulf, we may get lucky and achieve a rapid victory. But then we will face a second war: a war to win the peace in Iraq. This war will last many years and will surely cost hundreds of billions of dollars. In light of this enormous task, it would be a great mistake to expect that this will be a replay of the 1991 war. The stakes are much higher in this conflict. | “ |
| ” | Today I weep for my country. I have watched the events of recent months with a heavy, heavy heart. No more is the image of America one of strong, yet benevolent peacekeeper. The image of America has changed. Around the globe, our friends mistrust us, our word is disputed, our intentions are questioned. Instead of reasoning with those with whom we disagree, we demand obedience or threaten recrimination. | “ |
| ” | I do question the motives of a deskbound president who assumes the garb of a warrior for the purposes of a speech. | “ |
جماعة ال14
التاريخ الانتخابي
قضايا الصحة والوفيات
بيرد في الثقافة العامة
- Byrd had a prominent role in the 2008 Warner Bros. documentary Body of War. The film chronicles the life of Tomas Young, paralyzed from the chest down after an Iraqi sniper shot him as he was riding in a vehicle in Iraq. Several long clips of Byrd show him passionately arguing against authorizing the use of force in Iraq. Later in the movie, Byrd has a one-on-one interview with Tomas Young in Byrd's Senate office, followed by a shot of Byrd walking beside the wheelchair-bound Young as they leave the Capitol.
- In the Jeffrey Archer novel Shall We Tell the President? Byrd, then the Senate Majority Leader, was mentioned as the senator, possibly involved in the assassination plot against President (in first book version Ted Kennedy and later Florentyna Kane), but he was a suspect just because he was in Washington, D.C. at a certain time, not because he was a political enemy or had any interest in killing the President.
- Byrd was an avid fiddle player for most of his life, starting in his teens when he played in various square dance bands. Once he entered politics, he used his fiddling skills to attract attention and win votes. In 1978 when Byrd was Majority Leader, he recorded an album called U.S. Senator Robert Byrd: Mountain Fiddler (County, 1978). Byrd was accompanied by Country Gentlemen Doyle Lawson, James Bailey, and Spider Gilliam. Most of the LP consists of "old-timey" mountain music. Byrd covers "Don't Let Your Sweet Love Die," a Zeke Manners song, and "Will the Circle Be Unbroken." He has performed at the Kennedy Center, on the Grand Ole Opry and on Hee Haw. He stopped playing the fiddle after a grandson's traumatic death in 1982 at a time when the symptoms of a benign essential tremor had begun to affect the use of his hands. Prior to that, he would occasionally take a break from Senate business to entertain audiences with his fiddle.
- Byrd also appeared in the Civil War movie Gods and Generals in 2003 along with former Virginia senator George Allen. Both played Confederate States officers.
- The Creekdippers album Political Manifest features a song entitled 'Senator Byrd Speech' in honor of Senator Robert C. Byrd.
كتابات منشورة
- 2008. Letter to a New President: Commonsense Lessons for our Next Leader. ISBN 0-312-38302-9.
- 2005. Robert C. Byrd: Child of the Appalachian Coalfields. ISBN 1-933202-00-9.
- 2004. Losing America: Confronting A Reckless and Arrogant Presidency. ISBN 0-393-05942-1.
- 2004. We Stand Passively Mute: Senator Robert C. Byrd's Iraq Speeches. ISBN 0-9755749-0-6.
- 1995. Senate of the Roman Republic: Addresses on the History of Roman Constitutionalism. ISBN 0-16-058996-7
- 1995. The Senate, 1789–1989: Classic Speeches, 1830–1993, Vol. 3. ISBN 0-16-063257-9
- 1993. The Senate, 1789–1989: Historical Statistics, 1789–1992, Vol. 4. ISBN 0-16-063256-0
- 1991. The Senate, 1789–1989, Vol. 2: Addresses on the History of the United States Senate. ISBN 0-16-006405-8
- 1989. The Senate, 1789–1989, Vol. 1: Addresses on the History of the United States Senate. ISBN 0-16-006391-4
المصادر
- ^ "Famous Baptists". Adherents. 21 May 2007.
- ^ Durso, Pamela R., Baptist influence in the public arena, Baptist History and Heritage, 22 June 2006.[]
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةTheHill_longevity - ^ Kellman, Laurie (2009-11-18). "Senator Robert C. Byrd is Longest-Serving Lawmaker in Congress". News.aol.com. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة111809_CNN_Byrd - ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةWP061905 - ^ George Mason University
- ^ "Top Senate Democrat apologizes for slur", CNN, March 4, 2001.
- ^ "Senator Byrd - Senate Speeches". Byrd.senate.gov. 2003-03-13. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ^ Byrd, Robert (March 23, 2003). Why I weep for my country. The Observer.
- ^ Milbank, Dana (May 7, 2003). Explanation for Bush's Carrier Landing Altered. The Washington Post.
- ^ Larry King Live, Time frame: 04:05, verified May 9, 2007
- ^ Sean Loughlin and Robert Yoon CNN Washington Bureau. Gods and Generals'—and Congress". Cnn.com. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
وصلات خارجية
تقدر حتى تجد معلومات أكثر عن روبرت بيرد عن طريق البحث في مشاريع الفهم:
تعريفات قاموسية في ويكاموس
خط من فهم الخط
اقتباسات من فهم الاقتباس
نصوص مصدرية من فهم المصادر
صور وملفات صوتية من كومونز
أخبار من فهم الأخبار.
- Senator Robert C. Byrd Official U.S. Senate Website
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
- Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Issue positions and quotes at On The Issues
- Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
- Current Bills Sponsored at StateSurge.com
- Congressional profile at GovTrack.us
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Profile at SourceWatch Congresspedia
- Robert C. Byrd Honors Scholarship Program
- , June 18, 1989.
- Byrd gives a speech at Marshall University
- منطقات
- If This Is the Senate's Soul... Michael Grunwald, The Washington Post, June 18, 2006
- Why did the Post protect Byrd's image? Byron York, The Hill, June 23, 2005
- A Senator's Shame Eric Pianin, The Washington Post, June 19, 2005
- The United States Senate designates Robert Byrd as President Pro Tempore Emeritus of the United States Senate The Library of Congress THOMAS, January 15, 2003
| مناصب سياسية | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه Theodore F. Stevens Alaska |
President pro tempore of the United States Senate January 3, 2007 – June 28, 2010 |
تبعه Daniel Inouye Hawaii |
| سبقه J. Strom Thurmond South Carolina |
President pro tempore of the United States Senate June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003 |
تبعه Theodore F. Stevens Alaska |
|
President pro tempore of the United States Senate January 3, 2001 – January 20, 2001 |
تبعه J. Strom Thurmond South Carolina |
|
| سبقه John C. Stennis Mississippi |
President pro tempore of the United States Senate 1989 – 1995 |
|
| مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي | ||
| سبقه W. Chapman Revercomb |
سناتور أمريكي (المرتبة 1) عن West Virginia January 3, 1959 – June 28, 2010 خدم بجانب: Jennings Randolph, John D. Rockefeller IV |
تبعه TBD |
| سبقه Bob Dole R-Kansas |
{{{title January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1989 |
تبعه George J. Mitchell D-Maine |
| سبقه Howard Baker R-Tennessee |
{{{title January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1987 |
تبعه Bob Dole R-Kansas |
| سبقه Mike Mansfield D-Montana |
{{{title January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1981 |
تبعه Howard Baker R-Tennessee |
| سبقه Ted Kennedy D-Massachusetts |
{{{title January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1977 |
تبعه Alan Cranston D-California |
| سبقه W. Thad Cochran Mississippi |
Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2009 |
تبعه Daniel Inouye Hawaii |
| سبقه Theodore F. Stevens Alaska |
Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003 |
تبعه Theodore F. Stevens Alaska |
|
Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee January 3, 2001 – January 20, 2001 | ||
| سبقه John C. Stennis Mississippi |
Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee 1989 – 1995 |
تبعه Mark O. Hatfield Oregon |
| مجلس النواب الأمريكي | ||
| سبقه E. H. Hedrick |
عضو مجلس النواب الأمريكي عن الدائرة الانتخابية السادسة 1953 – 1959 |
تبعه John Slack, Jr. |
| مناصب حزبية | ||
| سبقه William C. Marland |
Democratic nominee for United States Senator (Class 1) from West Virginia 1958, 1964, 1970, 1976, 1982, 1988, 1994, 2000, 2006 |
تبعه most recent |
| سبقه Mike Mansfield Montana |
Senate Democratic Leader 1977 – 1989 |
تبعه George J. Mitchell Maine |
| سبقه Ted Kennedy Massachusetts |
Senate Democratic Whip 1971 – 1977 |
تبعه Alan Cranston California |
| سبقه George Smathers Florida |
Secretary of the Senate Democratic Conference 1967 – 1971 |
تبعه Frank Moss Utah |
| ألقاب فخرية. | ||
| سبقه Strom Thurmond South Carolina |
Dean of the United States Senate January 3, 2003 – June 28, 2010 |
تبعه Daniel Inouye Hawaii |
|
President pro tempore emeritus of the United States Senate January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007 |
تبعه Theodore F. Stevens Alaska |
|
| سبقه George Smathers Florida |
January 20, 2007 – June 28, 2010 |
تبعه George McGovern South Dakota Shared with Birch Bayh, Daniel Inouye |
| سبقه John C. Stennis Mississippi |
Most Senior Democratic United States Senator January 3, 1989 – June 28, 2010 |
تبعه Daniel Inouye Hawaii |
نطقب:USSenWV نطقب:USSenMajLead نطقب:USSenMinLead نطقب:USSenDemLead نطقب:USSenMajWhips نطقب:USSenateLeaders نطقب:US Senate Deans نطقب:WV-FedRep
