ڤيما كادفيسس
| ڤيما كادفيسس Vima Kadphises | |
|---|---|
| امبراطور الكوشان | |
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ڤيما كادفيسس مرتدياً معطفاً طويلاً. النقش بكتابة يونانية خربة: ΒΑϹΙΛΕΥϹ BACIΛEWN CWTHP MEΓAC ΟΟΗΜΟ ΚΑΔΦΙϹΗϹ ("Basileus Basileuon Soter Megas Ooemo Kadphises"): "ملك الملوك ڤيما كادفيسس المخلص العظيم". المتحف البريطاني.
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| العهد | 90–100 م |
| سبقه | ڤيما تاكتو |
| تبعه | كانيشكا |
ڤيما كادفيسس (لغة الكوشان: Οοημο Καδφισης؛ الصينية الوسيطة المبكرة: 阎膏珍 وتُنطق jiam-kaw-trin ؛ بالإنگليزية: Vima Kadphises) كان امبراطوراً على الكوشان من حوالي 90–100 م. وحسب نقش رباطك، فقد كان ابن ڤيما تاكتوووالد كانيشكا.
الحكم
وسـَّع الامبراطور ڤيما كادفيسس أراضي الكوشان في أفغانستان وپاكستان وشمال غرب الهند.
He was the Kushan emperor to first introduce gold coinage, in addition to the existing copper and silver coinage. Most of the gold seems to have been obtained through trade with the Roman Empire. The gold weight standard of approximately eight grams corresponds to that of Roman coins of the 1st century. Gold bullion from Rome would be melted and used for the Kushan mints, into three denominations: the double stater, the stater, and the quarter starter (or dinara).[محل شك]
The usage of gold testifies to the prosperity of the Kushan Empire from the time of Vima, being the center of trade between the أسرة هان في الصين (حيث كان ڤيما يُعهد بإسم 阎膏珍)، آسيا الوسطى and Alexandria and Antioch in the West. The Kushan were able to maintain and protect the طريق الحرير، allowing silk, spices, textiles or medicine[] to move between China, India and the West. In particular, many goods نطقب:Vague were sent by ship to the Roman empire, creating a return flow of gold coins, Greek نطقب:Vague wine and slaves. Works of arts were also imported from all directions[]نطقب:Vague, as indicated by the variety and quality of the artefacts نطقب:Vague found in the Kushan summer capital of Bagram in Afghanistan. A strong artistic syncretism was stimulated, as indicated by the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara.
Roman history relates the visit of ambassadors from the Indian kings to the court of Trajan (98–117 CE), bearing presents and letters in Greek, which were sent either by ڤيما كادفيسس أوابنه كانيشكا.
Most of Vima's coins feature the Buddhist symbol of the Triratana on the reverse (or possibly Shiva's symbol for Nandi, the Nandipada), together with Hindu representations of Shiva, with or without his bull. Often time, a Trishul is depicted مع شيڤا.
النسب
الصلة بين ڤيما كادفيسس وحكام الكوشان الآخرين موصوفة في نقش رباطك، الذي خطه كانيشكا. وقد جعل كانيشكا قائمة الملوك الذين حكموا حتى عهده: كوجولا كادفيسس كأبي جده، وڤيما تاكتوكجده، وڤيما كادفيسس كوالده، وهونفسه كانيشكا:
"... for King Kujula Kadphises (his) great grandfather, and for King Vima Taktu (his) grandfather, and for King Vima Kadphises (his) father, and *also for himself، الملك كانيشكا" (Cribb and Sims-Williams 1995/6: 80)
Coin of Wima.
Coin of Wima.
Vima in heavy coat, sitting cross-legged on a low couch.
Vima riding a chariot.
Vima seated on a throne, holding a thunderbolt.
Bust of Vima, holding a club.
Diademed head of Vima within a frame, trident battleaxe on reverse.
Vima standing, making an offering over a small altar. Imperial title in Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΣΩΤΗΡ ΜΕΓΑΣ ΟΟΗΜΟ ΚΑΔΦΙΣΗΣ
| سبقه: ڤيما تاكتو |
حاكم الكوشان 90–100 م |
تبعه: كانيشكا |
الهامش
المراجع
- Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
- Tarn, W. W. (1951). The Greeks in Bactria and India. 3rd Edition 1984. Ares Publishers, Chicago. ISBN 0-89005-524-6
وصلات خارجية
- Coins of Vima Kadphises
- Catalogue of coins of Vima Kadphises
نطقب:Kushans
