| | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1853

سنة 1853 (MDCCCLIII) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم السبت (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1853rd بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 853rd في الألفية 2، السنة 53rd في القرن 19، والسنة أربعة في عقد 1850 بين 1583 و1929 ومع فارق 1853 is 12 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.

أحداث

January–March

• Januaryستة – Florida Governor Thomas Brown signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the University of Florida.
• Januaryثمانية – Taiping Rebellion: Zeng Guofan is ordered to assist the governor of Hunan, in organising a militia force to search for local bandits.
• January 12 – Taiping Rebellion: The Taiping army occupies Wuchang.
• January 19 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il Trovatore premieres, in performance at Teatro Apollo in Rome.
• Februaryعشرة – Taiping Rebellion: Taiping forces assemble at Hanyang, Hankou and Wuchang, for the march on Nanjing.
• February 12 – Puerto Montt is founded in the Reloncaví Sound, Chile.
• February 22 – Washington University in St. Louis is founded as Eliot Seminary.
• March – The clothing company Levi Strauss & Co. is founded in the United States.
• March أربعة – Inauguration of Franklin Pierce as 14th President of the United States (his only child was killed in a train accident on January 6).
• March 20 – Taiping Rebellion: A rebel army of around 750,000 seizes Nanjing, killing 30,000 Imperial troops.
• March 29 – Manchester is granted city status in the United Kingdom.

April–June

• April 16 – Indian Railways: The first passenger railway in India opens from Bombay to Thana, Maharashtra, 22 ميلs (35 kم).
• May
  • The world's first public aquarium opens, at the London Zoo.
  • An outbreak of yellow fever kills 7,790 in New Orleans.
  • Isambard Kingdom Brunel accepts John Scott Russell's tender for construction of the passenger steamer.
• May 12–October 31 – The Great Industrial Exhibition is held in Dublin, Ireland.
• May 23 – The first plat for Seattle, Washington is laid out.
• June 27 – Taiping Rebellion: The Northern Expeditionary Force crosses the Yellow River.
• June 30 – Georges-Eugène Haussmann is selected as préfect of the Seine (department), to begin the re-planning of Paris.

July–September

• Julyثمانية – U.S. Commodore Matthew C. Perry arrives in Edo Bay, Japan, with a request for a trade treaty.
• July 25 – Outlaw and bandit Joaquin Murrieta is killed in California.
• July 27 – Iesada succeeds his father Ieyoshi, as Japanese shōgun. The Late Tokugawa shogunate (the last part of the Edo period in Japan) begins.
• August 12 – New Zealand acquires self-government.
• August 23 – The first true International Meteorological Organization is established in Brussels, Belgium.
• August 24
  • The Royal Norwegian Navy Museum is founded at Karljohansvern in Horten, perhaps the world's first naval museum.
  • Potato chips are first prepared, by George Crum at Saratoga Springs, New York, according to popular accounts.
• September 19 – Hudson Taylor first leaves for China.

October–December

• October 1 – C. Bechstein's piano factory is founded, one of three established in a "Golden year" in the history of the piano (Julius Blüthner and Steinway & Sons being the others).
• October 4–5 – Crimean War: The Ottoman Empire begins war with Russia.
• October أربعة – On the east coast of the United States, Donald McKay launches the Great Republic, the world's biggest sailing ship, which at 4,500 tons is too large to be successful.
• October 28 – Crimean War: The Ottoman army crosses the Danube into Vidin/Calafat, Wallachia.
• October 30 – Taiping Rebellion: The Taiping Northern Expeditionary Force comes within ثلاثة ميلs (4.8 kم) of Tianjin.
• November ثلاثة – Troops of William Walker capture La Paz in Baja California Territory, and declare the (short-lived) Republic of Lower California.
• November أربعة – Crimean War: Battle of Oltenitza – Turkish forces defeat the Russians.
• November 15 – Maria II of Portugal is succeeded by her son Pedro V.
• November 30 (November 18 O.S.) – Crimean War: Battle of Sinop – The Russian fleet destroys the Turkish fleet.
• Decemberستة – Taiping Rebellion: French minister de Bourboulon arrives at the Heavenly Capital, aboard the Cassini.
• December 30 – Gadsden Purchase: The United States buys approximately 77,000 kiloمتر مربعs (30,000 ميل²) of land from Mexico, to facilitate railroad building in the Southwest.

مجهولة التاريخ

• The Independent Santa Cruz Maya of Eastern Yucatán are recognized as an independent nation, by the British Empire.
• Arthur de Gobineau begins publication of his An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines).
• Charles Pravaz and Alexander Wood independently invent a practical hypodermic syringe.
• Wheaton Academy is founded in West Chicago, Illinois.
• The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China is incorporated in London by Scotsman James Wilson, under a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria.
• The Swiss watch company Tissot is founded.
• Melbourne Cricket Ground, a well-known sport venue in Australia, officially opens.
• 1853–1873 – More than 130,000 Chinese laborers come to Cuba.

مواليد

January–June

• January 1 – Karl von Einem, German general (d. 1934)
• January 2 – Packy Dillon, American professional baseball player (d. 1902)
• Januaryعشرة – John Martin Schaeberle, German-American astronomer (d. 1924)
• January 16
  • Johnston Forbes-Robertson, English actor (d. 1937)
  • Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton, British general (d. 1947)
• January 28
  • José Martí, Cuban revolutionary (d. 1895)
  • Vladimir Solovyov, Russian philosopher (d. 1900)
• January 29 – Kitasato Shibasaburō, Japanese physician, bacteriologist (d. 1931)
• February ثلاثة – Hudson Maxim, American inventor, chemist (d. 1927)
• February أربعة – Kaneko Kentarō, Japanese politician, diplomat (d. 1942)
• Februaryستة – Ignacij Klemenčič, Slovenian physicist (d. 1901)
• February 18 – Ernest Fenollosa, Catalan-American philosopher (d. 1908)
• February 22 – Annie Le Porte Diggs, Canadian-born state librarian of Kansas (d. 1916)
• March 2 – Ella Loraine Dorsey, American author, journalist, and translator (d. 1935)
• Marchخمسة – Howard Pyle, American artist, fiction writer (d. 1911)
• Marchعشرة – Thomas Mackenzie, 18th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1930)
• March 13 – Robert Felkin, British writer (d. 1926)
• March 14
  • Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter (d. 1918)
  • March 14 – Max Saenger, German obstetrician, gynecologist (d. 1903)
• March 25 – Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, 5th Qajarid Shah of Persia (d. 1907)
• March 29 – Elihu Thomson, English-American engineer, inventor, co-founder of General Electric (d. 1937)
• March 30 – Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (d. 1890)
• April 1 – Marcello Amero D'Aste, Italian admiral, politician (d. 1931)
• Aprilستة – Emil Jellinek, German automobile entrepreneur (d. 1918)
• April 7
  • Ella Eaton Kellogg, American pioneer in dietetics (d. 1920)
  • Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (d. 1884)
• Aprilثمانية – Laura Alberta Linton, American chemist (d. 1915)
• April 24 – Alphonse Bertillon, French police officer, forensic scientist (d. 1914)
• May أربعة – Marie Robinson Wright, American travel writer (d. 1914)
• Mayثمانية – Katharine Lente Stevenson, American reformer, missionary, and editor (d. 1919)
• May 20 – Ella Hoag Brockway Avann, American educator (d. 1899)
• May 28 – Carl Larsson, Swedish painter (d. 1919)
• June ثلاثة – William Flinders Petrie, English Egyptologist (d. 1942)
• June 12 – Chester Adgate Congdon, Minnesota mining magnate (d. 1916)

July–December

• July أربعة – Ernst Otto Beckmann, German chemist (d. 1923)
• Julyخمسة – Cecil Rhodes, English businessman (d. 1902)
• July 18 – Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
• July 24 – William Gillette, American actor, playwright and stage-manager (d. 1937)
• August 19 – Aleksei Brusilov, Russian general (d. 1926)
• August 23 – João Marques de Oliveira, Portuguese painter (d. 1927)
• August 28
  • Vladimir Shukhov, Russian engineer, polymath, scientist and architect (d. 1939)
  • Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1938)
• September 2 – Wilhelm Ostwald, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1932)
• Septemberستة – Katherine Eleanor Conway, American journalist, editor, poet, and Laetare Medalist (d. 1927)
• Septemberعشرة – Gertrud Adelborg, Swedish women's rights activist (d. 1942)
• September 16 – Albrecht Kossel, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1927)
• September 17 – Henry Churchill de Mille, American dramatist, playwright; father of film director Cecil B. DeMille (d. 1893)
• September 20 – Chulalongkorn, Rama V, King of Siam (d. 1910)
• September 21
  • Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1926)
  • Edmund Leighton, English painter (d. 1922)
• September 23 – Fritz von Below, German general (d. 1918)
• October أربعة – Jane Maria Read, American poet and teacher (unknown year of death)
• October 13 – Lillie Langtry, English stage actress (d. 1929)
• October 14 – John William Kendrick, American railroad executive (d. 1924)
• October 17 – Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, wife of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (d. 1920)
• October 26 – Tokugawa Akitake, Japanese daimyō, the last lord of Mito Domain, younger brother of the last shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu (d. 1910)
• October 30 – Louise Abbéma French painter, sculptor, and designer of the Belle Époque (d. 1927)
• Novemberتسعة – Stanford White, American architect (d. 1906)
• November 13 – John Drew, Jr., American stage actor (d. 1927)
• November 20 – Oskar Potiorek, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1933)
• Decemberستة – Haraprasad Shastri, Indian academic, Sanskrit scholar, archivist and historian of Bengali literature (d. 1931)
• December 14 – Errico Malatesta, Italian anarchist (d. 1932)
• December 17 – Émile Roux, French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist (d. 1933)
• December 21 – Noda Utarō, Japanese entrepreneur and politician (d. 1927)
• December 22 – Teresa Carreño, Venezuelan pianist, singer, composer, and conductor (d. 1917)
• December 23 – William Henry Moody, 35th United States Secretary of the Navy, 45th United States Attorney General, and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1917)
• December 31 – Tasker H. Bliss, American general (d. 1930)

مجهولة التاريخ

• Panagiotis Danglis, Greek general, politician (d. 1924)
• William O'Malley, Irish Parliament member (d. 1939)

وفيات

January–June

• Januaryثمانية – Mihály Bertalanits, Slovene (Prekmurje Slovene) poet in the Kingdom of Hungary (و. 1788)
• January 16
  • Robert Lucas, governor of Ohio, United States (و. 1781)
  • Matteo Carcassi, Italian composer (و. 1792)
  • Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria, Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia (و. 1783)
• January 19 – Karl Faber, German historian (و. 1773)
• January 22 – Méry von Bruiningk, Estonian democrat (و. 1818)
• Februaryستة – Anastasio Bustamante, 4th President of Mexico (و. 1780)
• February 15 – August, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen (و. 1784
• March 17 – Christian Doppler, Austrian mathematician (و. 1803)
• March 30 – Abigail Fillmore, First Lady of the United States (و. 1798)
• April 18 – William R. King, 13th Vice President of the United States (و. 1786)
• April 28 – Ludwig Tieck, German writer (و. 1773)
• May 18 – Lionel Kieseritzky, Baltic-German chess player (و. 1806)
• June 2
  • Lucas Alamán, Mexican statesman, historian (و. 1792)
  • Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, British peer, soldier (و. 1777)
• Juneثمانية – Richard William Howard Vyse (و. 1784)

July–December

• July 27 – Tokugawa Ieyoshi, 12th shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (و. 1793)
• Augustتسعة – Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński, Polish philosopher (و. 1776)
• August 19 – George Cockburn, British naval commander (و. 1772)
• August 21 - Maria Quitéria, Brazilian national heroine (و. 1792)
• August 23 – Alexander Calder, first mayor of Beaumont, Texas (و. 1806)
• August 29 – Charles James Napier, British army general and colonial administrator (و. 1782)
• September ثلاثة – Augustin Saint-Hilaire, French botanist, traveller (و. 1799)
• Septemberستة – George Bradshaw, English timetable publisher (و. 1800)
• October 2 – François Arago, French Catalan mathematician, physicist, astronomer and politician (و. 1786)
• October ثلاثة – George Onslow, French composer (و. 1784)
• Octoberخمسة – Mahlon Dickerson, American judge, politician (و. 1770)
• October 13 – Jan Cock Blomhoff, Dutch director of Dejima, Japan (و. 1779)
• October 22 – Juan Antonio Lavalleja, Uruguayan military, political figure (و. 1784))
• October 27 – Maria White Lowell, American abolitionist (و. 1821)
• November 15 – Queen Maria II of Portugal (و. 1819)
• December 15 – Georg Friedrich Grotefend, German epigraphist, philologist (و. 1775)
• December 23 – Juliette Bussière Laforest-Courtois, Haitian journalist (و. 1789)

مجهولة التاريخ

• Meta Forkel-Liebeskind, German writer and scholar (و. 1765)
• Qiu Ersao, Chinese rebel and military commander (و. 1822)

References

ru-sib:1853