| | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1798

سنة 1798 (MDCCXCVIII) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الاثنين (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1798 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 798 في الألفية 2، السنة 98 في القرن 18، والسنة تسعة في عقد 1790 بين 1583 و1929 ومع فارق 1798 is 11 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.

أحداث

الحملة الفرنسية على مصر

• 17 مايو- كلكتا: Richard Wellesley takes office as Governor General of British India (ending in 1805 )
• 19 مايو- Napoleon Bonaparte sets off for Egypt with a French army of 40,000 men . sent with the aim of threatening Britain in the eastern Mediterranean and cutting off the Indian road. ميناء طولون، وتستولي على مالطة في 11 يونيو.
• اسبانيا: القوات البريطانية تستولي على جزيرة مينورقا، لإيقاف نابوليون من الذهاب إلى مصر.
• 11 يونيو- Malta surrenders without a fight against Napoleon, who has gone with his troops on the Egyptian expedition . The Order of Malta of the Hospitallers then leaves the island and goes to Russia .
• 2 يوليو- الحملة الفرنسية بقيادة نابليون بونابرت تستولي على ميناء ومدينة الإسكندرية.
• July 21 : In the Battle of the Pyramids , Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion army يهزم جيشاً مملوكياً بقيادة مراد بك on their Egyptian campaign .
• 24 يوليو- Napoleon moves in after the victory over the Egyptian army in Cairo .
• 1 / 2 أغسطس - The British Admiral Horatio Nelson destroyed by Comte Brueys commanded the French fleet in the Battle of the Nile in the Nile Delta, which never fully recovered from this blow again.
• 20 أغسطس - تأسيس معهد مصر في القاهرة.
• 4 سبتمبر - beginning of the expedition of the German Friedrich Konrad Hornemann , party of Cairo disguised as Muslim merchant, towards the oases of Siouah and Mourzouk ( Fezzan ) then the Bornou , that he is the first European to reach (end in 1801 )ستة .
• 6 سبتمبر - a law of Bonaparte in Egypt introduced the concept of private property, previously unknownسبعة .
• 9 سبتمبر - الدولة العثمانية goes to war against France . It is allied to Russia ( December 23 ) and in Austria during the Second Coalition (1798- 1802 )ثمانية .
• 12 أكتوبر - في مسقط، توقيع اتفاقية بين سلطنة عمان والبريطانيين، الذين ما حتى عهدوا بنزل نابليون أرض مصر حتى طلبوا من السلطان يحظر أي تجارة مع الفرنسيين أوالهولنديين.
• 21 أكتوبر - ثورة القاهرة الأولى ضد الاحتلال الفرنسي.

أفريقيا

• 3 يوليو- departure from Tete of an expedition led by Francisco Jose de Lacerda e Almeida to try to connect Angola to Mozambique ; after Lacerda's death on October 18 , the expedition turned back in July 1799 and returned to Tete on November 22 following أربعة .
• غانا الحالية: بدء حكم Opoku Fofie، asantehene of Ashantis (end in 1799 ) 11 .
• البداية المفترضة لحكم كامانيا، ملك (كاباكا) بوگندا، لدى وفاة الكاباكا سماكوكيرو(end in 1825 ). Kamanya accedes to the throne after having put to death his brother with several of his own sons accused of having chosen to support the opposing camp at the time of the war of succession. Kamanya created Bitongole (both administrative and military districts) alongside the former saza (administrative only units) and appointed most of the saza officials to serve as hereditary chiefs. He breaks the ambition of the clan leaders by taking a wife in each important clan and keeping in his court the sons of the chiefs (bagalagala , pages).

الولايات المتحدة

• 30 مارس - the armistice of 30 March 1798 allows Toussaint Louverture out the details of the retreat of the English army of Santo Domingo 13 .
• 7 أبريل - the Mississippi Territory becomes part of US 14 .
• 16 مايو- دخول الفاتحين للجنرال الأسود توسان لوڤرتور وجيشه من العبيد السابقين إلى پورت-أو-پرنس.
• 18 يونيو، 25 يونيو،ستة يوليو، 14 يوليو- Aliens and sedition laws to US 15 . Ten Americans will be imprisoned for contempt of government.
• 7 يوليو- Congress denounces the treaty of alliance of 1778 with France. Beginning of the quasi-war of the United States against France for economic reasons 16 .
• 12 أغسطس - البرازيل: revolution of alfaiates (craftsmen-tailors) in Bahia 17 .
• 31 أغسطس - بعد اتفاق مع توسان لوڤرتور، البريطانيون يغادرون آخر معاقلهم شمال سانتودومنگو، Mole-Saint-Nicolas 18 .
• 10 سبتمبر - Battle of St George's Caye في بليز.

يناير-يونيو

• 4 يناير -
  • Constantine Hangerli enters Bucharest, as أمير ولاخيا.
  • جمهورية ميلوز تصوت للإنضمام إلى فرنسا.
• January 22 – A coup d'état is staged in the Netherlands (Batavian Republic). Unitarian Democrat Pieter Vreede ends the power of the parliament (with a conservative-moderate majority).
• Februaryعشرة – The papacy is removed from power, by French General Louis-Alexandre Berthier.
• Marchخمسة – French troops enter Bern.
• Marchسبعة – French forces invade the Papal States, and establish the Roman Republic.
• 17 مارس - شركة الهند الشرقية الهولندية، أحد أكبر الشركات التجارية في وقتها، تنحلّ بعد 196 عاماً من النشاط.
• Aprilسبعة – The Mississippi Territory is organized by the United States, from territory ceded by Georgia and South Carolina; later it is twice expanded, to include disputed territory claimed by both the U.S. and Spain (which acquired territory in trade with Great Britain).
• April 12 – The Helvetic Republic, a French client republic, is proclaimed following the collapse of the Old Swiss Confederacy, after the French invasion.
• April 26 – France annexes Geneva.
• Mayتسعة – Napoleon sets off for Toulon, and sails aboard Vice-Admiral Brueys's flagship ; his squadron is part of a larger fleet of over 300 vessels, carrying almost 37,000 troops.
• 11 مايو- أثناء الثورة الفرنسية: Louis-Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux , member of the Executive Committee, supports the bloodless coup d'état of the 22nd Floreal VI, which is directed against the Jacobins .
• May 23 – Irish republicans and nationalists, known as the Society of United Irishmen, launch a rebellion against British rule, in expectation of greater support from France, which only sends 1,100 men. The United Irishmen are unique amongst Irish nationalist movements, in that they unify Catholics and Protestants around republican ideals. The rebellion rages sporadically, but is defeated by the British by October.
• June 12
  • The French take Malta.
  • A moderate coup d'état in the Netherlands (Batavian Republic) deposes Pieter Vreede.
• June 13 – Mission San Luis Rey de Francia is founded in California.

يوليو-ديسمبر

• July 1 – Egyptian Campaign: Napoleon disembarks his French army in Marabout Bay.
• 7 يوليو
  • Quasi-War: The United States Congress rescinds treaties with France, sparking the war.
  • In the action of , the newly-formed United States Navy makes its first capture.
• July 11 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established under its present name.
• July 12 – Battle of Shubra Khit: French troops defeat the Mamelukes, during Napoleon's march from Alexandria to take Cairo.
• July 14 – The Alien and Sedition Acts become United States law, making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.
• July 16 – The Relief of Sick and Disabled Seamen Act is signed into law, creating the Marine Hospital Service, the forerunner to the current United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.
• July 21 – Battle of the Pyramids: Napoleon defeats Ottoman forces near the Pyramids.
• 24 يوليو– Napoleon occupies القاهرة.
• July 31 – A second round of elections are held in the Netherlands (Batavian Republic); no general elections this time.

• August 1 – Battle of the Nile (near Abu Qir): Lord Nelson defeats the French navy under Admiral Brueys; Nelson himself is wounded in the head.
• 22 أغسطس - قوات فرنسية تهبط في كيلكمن في مقاطعة مايو، لمساعدة التمرد الأيرلندي.
• سبتمبر – Charles Brockden Brown publishes the first significant American novel, the Gothic fiction Wieland: or, The Transformation; an American Tale.
• Septemberخمسة – Conscription is made mandatory in France, by the Jourdan Law.
• Septemberعشرة – The Piedmontese Republic is declared in the territory of Piedmont.
• Septemberعشرة – Battle of St. George's Caye: Off the coast of British Honduras (now Belize), a group of British nationals and African slaves defeat a force sent from Mexico to drive them out.
• September 18 – Lyrical Ballads is published anonymously by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth, inaugurating the English Romantic movement in literature.
• 12 أكتوبر
  • Battle of Tory Island: A British Royal Navy squadron, under Sir John Borlase Warren, prevents French Republican ships, commanded by Jean-Baptiste-François Bompart, from landing reinforcements for the Society of United Irishmen on the Donegal coast; Irish leader Wolfe Tone is captured, and later dies of his wounds.
  • Peasants War against the French occupiers of the Southern Netherlands begins in Overmere.
• November أربعة – The Russo-Ottoman siege of Corfu begins.
• Novemberثمانية – British whaler John Fearn becomes the first European to land on Nauru.
• Decemberخمسة – Peasants War in the Southern Netherlands: The revolt is crushed in Hasselt; during the uprising it is estimated that 5,000 to 10,000 people have been killed.
• 6 ديسمبر – General Joubert of the Piedmontese Republic يحتل العاصمة الساردينية تورينو.

تاريخ غير معروف

• An Essay on the Principle of Population is first published (anonymously), by توماس مالتوس.
• Aarau becomes the temporary capital of the الجمهورية الهلڤتية.
• Alois Senefelder invents lithography.
• Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with interchangeable parts.
• The first census in Brazil counts 2 million blacks, in a total population of 3.25 million.
• The Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick's Own) Yeomanry, a British Army Yeomanry Cavalry Regiment, formed by The Earl of Cassillis at Culzean Castle, Ayrshire in 1794, is adopted onto the British Army List.
• جنر ينشر بحثه في smallpox vaccination.

مواليد

• January 14 – Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Dutch politician (d. 1872)
• January 19 – Auguste Comte, French sociologist (d. 1857)
• January 20 – Anson Jones, 5th and last President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1858)
• Marchتسعة – Mathilda Berwald, Finnish and Swedish concert singer (d. 1877)
• March 25 – Christoph Gudermann, German mathematician (d. 1852)
• March 13 – Abigail Fillmore, First Lady of the United States (d. 1853)
• April 2 – August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, German writer (d. 1874)
• April ثلاثة – Charles Wilkes, American naval officer, explorer (d. 1877)
• April 12 – Baron du Potet, French writer (d. 1881)

• April 26 – Eugène Delacroix, French painter (d. 1863)
• April 28 – Duncan Forbes, British linguist (d. 1868)
• Mayعشرة – Christodoulos Hatzipetros, Greek military leader (d. 1869)
• June 12 – William Abbot, English actor (d. 1843)
• June 14 – František Palacký, Czech historian, politician (d. 1876)
• June 29 – Giacomo Leopardi, Italian writer (d. 1837)
  • July 14 – Alessandro Antonelli, Italian architect (d. 1888)
• July 15 – Alexander Gorchakov, Russian politician (d. 1883)
• August 17 – Thomas Hodgkin, British physician, pathologist (d. 1866)
• September أربعة – Raynold Kaufgetz, Swiss academic (d. 1869)
• September 11 – Franz Ernst Neumann, German mineralogist, physicist and mathematician (d. 1895)
• October 2 – King Charles Albert of Sardinia (d. 1849)

• October 12 – Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil (also Pedro IV, King of Portugal) (d. 1834)
• December أربعة – Jules Armand Dufaure, 3-time Prime Minister of France (d. 1881)
• December 24 – Adam Mickiewicz, Polish writer (d. 1855)

وفيات

• February 25 – Louis Jules Mancini Mazarini, French diplomat, writer (و. 1716)
• March 22 – Justin Morgan, American horse breeder and composer (و. 1747)
• April 11 – Karl Wilhelm Ramler, German poet (و. 1725)
• April 12 – Madeleine de Puisieux, French writer, active feminist (و. 1720)
• April 14 – Henry Mowat, Scottish-born British Royal Navy officer (و. 1734)
• April 29 – Nikolaus Poda von Neuhaus, German entomologist (و. 1723)
• Mayعشرة – George Vancouver, British Royal Navy officer, explorer (Vancouver, BC is named after him) (و. 1757)
• May 19 – William Byron, 5th Baron Byron, English dueler (و. 1722)
• June – Betsy Gray, Irish rebel, heroine
• June أربعة – Giacomo Casanova, Italian adventurer, writer (و. 1725)
• June 21 – John Kelly of Killanne, Irish republican
• June 25 – Thomas Sandby, English cartographer, architect (و. 1721)
• July 17 – Henry Joy McCracken, Irish republican
• July 21 – François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (و. 1733)
• August 1 – François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers, French admiral (killed in battle) (و. 1753)
• August 18 – John Lewis Gervais, American revolutionary, member of Provincial Congress (1775), State’s Committee of Safety (1775-1781), South Carolina Senate (1781, 1782), Continental Congress (1782, 1783) (و. 1741)
• August 21 – James Wilson, American politician (و. 1742)
• August 24 – Thomas Alcock, English clergyman (و. 1709)
• August 25 – Mikiel'Ang Grima, Maltese surgeon (و. 1731)
• 4 سبتمبر - إعدام الثائر المصري محمد كريم على يد قائد الحملة الفرنسية نابليون بونابرت.
• September 21 – George Read, American lawyer, signer of the Declaration of Independence (و. 1733)
• November 19 – Theobald Wolfe Tone, Irish republican (و. 1737)
• December أربعة – Luigi Galvani, Italian physicist (و. 1763)
• Wang Cong'er, Chinese rebel leader (و. 1777)

الهامش

ru-sib:1798