Year 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• 3 يناير–4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force in northern Vietnam.
• January أربعة – The first successful appendectomy is performed by Dr. William W. Grant on Mary Gartside.
• January 17 – Mahdist War in Sudan: British victory at the Battle of Abu Klea.
• January 20 – LaMarcus Adna Thompson patents a roller coaster.
• January 24 – Irish terrorists damage Westminster Hall and the Tower of London with dynamite.
• January 26 – Mahdist War in Sudan: Troops loyal to the Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad conquer Khartoum. The British commander Charles George Gordon is killed.
• Februaryخمسة – King Léopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo Free State as a personal possession.
• Februaryسبعة – The play La vida alegre y muerte triste by dramatist José Echegaray opens.
• Februaryتسعة – The first Japanese arrive in Hawaii.
• February 16 – Charles Dow publishes the first edition of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The index stood at a level of 62.76, and represented the dollar average of 14 stocks: 12 railroads and two leading American industries.
• February 21 – United States President Chester A. Arthur dedicates the Washington Monument.
• February 23
  • Sino-French War: France gains an important victory over China in the Battle of Đồng Đăng in the Tonkin region of modern-day Vietnam.
  • An English executioner fails after several attempts to hang John Babbacombe Lee, sentenced for the murder of his employer Emma Keyse; Lee's sentence is commuted to life imprisonment.
• February 26 – The final act of the Berlin Conference regulates European colonization and trade in the "scramble for Africa".
• February 28 – February concludes without having a full moon.
• March ثلاثة – A subsidiary of the American Bell Telephone Company, American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), is incorporated in New York.
• March أربعة – Grover Cleveland succeeds Chester A. Arthur as President of the United States.
• Marchسبعة – The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid is founded.
• March 14 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera The Mikado opens at the Savoy Theatre in London.
• March 26
  • The Prussian government, motivated by Otto von Bismarck, expels all ethnic Poles and Jews without German citizenship from Prussia in the Prussian deportations.
  • North-West Rebellion in Canada by the Métis people, led by Louis Riel, begins with the Battle of Duck Lake.
  • First legal cremation in England: Mrs Jeannette C. Pickersgill of London, "well known in literary and scientific circles", is cremated by the Cremation Society at Woking, Surrey.
• March 30 – The Battle for Kushka triggers the Panjdeh Incident, which nearly gives rise to war between the British Empire and Russian Empire.
• March 31 – The United Kingdom establishes the Bechuanaland Protectorate.^[]

April–June

• April 2 – Frog Lake Massacre: Cree warriors led by Wandering Spirit killتسعة settlers at Frog Lake in the Northwest Territories.
• April ثلاثة – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his single-cylinder water-cooled engine design.
• April 11 – Luton Town Football Club are created by the merger of (Luton) Wanderers F.C. and Luton Excelsior F.C. in England.
• April 14 – Final engagement of Sino-French War, with a French victory at Kép. China withdraws its forces from Tonkin.
• April 30 – A bill is signed in the New York State legislature forming the Niagara Falls State Park.
• May 2
  • Good Housekeeping magazine goes on sale for the first time in the United States.
  • North-West Rebellion – Battle of Cut Knife: Cree and Assiniboine warriors win their largest victory over Canadian forces.
  • The Congo Free State is established by King Léopold II of Belgium.
• May 9–12 – Battle of Batoche: Canadian government forces inflict a decisive defeat on Métis rebels, bringing an end to their part in the North-West Rebellion.
• May 19 – After a three-month legislative battle in the Illinois General Assembly, John A. Logan is re-elected to the United States Senate.
• May 20 – The first public train departs Swanage railway station on the newly built Swanage Railway in England.
• June ثلاثة – Battle of Loon Lake: The Canadian North-West Mounted Police and allies force a party of Plains Cree warriors to surrender in the last skirmish of the North-West Rebellion and the last battle fought on Canadian soil.
• June 17 – The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York Harbor.
• June 23 – Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• June 24 – Randolph Churchill becomes Secretary of State for India.

July–September

• Julyستة – Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux successfully test their rabies vaccine. The patient is Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
• July 14 – Sarah E. Goode is the first female African-American to apply for and receive a patent, for the invention of the hideaway bed.
• July 15 – The Reservation at Niagara Falls opens, enabling access to all for free. Thomas V. Welch is the first Superintendent of the Park.
• July 20 – Professional football is legalized in Britain.
• July 23 – Ulysses S. Grant, American Civil War general and the 18th President of the United States, dies at age 63.
• July 28 – Louis Riel's trial for treason begins in Regina.
• August 19 – S Andromedae, the only supernova seen in the Andromeda Galaxy so far by astronomers, and the first ever noted outside the Milky Way, is discovered.
• August 29 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for the Daimler Reitwagen, regarded as the first motorcycle, which he has produced with Wilhelm Maybach.
• September 2 – The Rock Springs massacre occurs in Rock Springs, Wyoming; 150 white miners attack their Chinese coworkers, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town.
• Septemberستة – Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria, completing the Unification of Bulgaria.
• Septemberثمانية – Saint Thomas Academy is founded in Minnesota.
• September 12 – Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord, the highest score ever in professional soccer.
• September 15 – A train wreck of the P. T. Barnum Circus kills giant elephant Jumbo.
• September 18 – The union of Eastern Rumelia with Bulgaria is proclaimed at Plovdiv.
• September 30 – A British force abolishes the Boer republic of Stellaland and adds it to British Bechuanaland.

October–December

• October ثلاثة – Millwall F.C. is founded by workers on the Isle of Dogs in London as Millwall Rovers.
• October 13 – The Georgia Institute of Technology is established in Atlanta as the Georgia School of Technology.
• October 25 – Symphony No. أربعة (Brahms) is premiered in Meiningen, Germany; with Johannes Brahms himself conducting it.
• November – The Third Anglo-Burmese War begins.
• Novemberسبعة – Canadian Pacific Railway: In Craigellachie, British Columbia, construction ends on a railway extending across Canada. Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald considers the project to be vital to Canada due to the exponentially greater potential for military mobility.
• November 14–November 28 – Serbo-Bulgarian War: Serbia declares war against Bulgaria but is defeated in the Battle of Slivnitsa on November 17–November 19.
• November 16 – Louis Riel, Canadian rebel leader of the Métis, is executed for high treason.
• December 1 – The U.S. Patent Office acknowledges this date as the day Dr Pepper is served for the very first time; the exact date of Dr Pepper's invention is unknown.
• December 28 – 72 Indian lawyers, academics and journalists gather in Bombay to form the Congress Party.

مجهولة التاريخ

• Karl Benz produces the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, regarded as the first automobile (patented and publicly launched the following year).
• John Kemp Starley demonstrates the Rover safety bicycle, regarded as the first practical modern bicycle.
• Chile's Matrimony and Civil Registry laws come into effect.
• A cholera outbreak occurs in Spain.
• The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, designed by William Le Baron Jenney, is completed. With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first skyscraper.
• Bicycle Playing Cards are first produced.
• Soldiers' and Sailors' Families Association is established in the UK to provide charitable assistance.
• Camp Dudley, the oldest continually running boys' camp in America, is founded.
• John Ormsby publishes his new English translation of Don Quixote, acclaimed as the most scholarly made up to that time. It will remain in print through the 20th Century.
• Michigan Technological University (originally Michigan Mining School) opens its doors for the first time in what is now the Houghton County Fire Hall.

مواليد

• 11 مارس - منيرة المهدية، أول مغنية مصرية.
• 11 سبتمبر - الأديب الإنجليزي ديڤد هربرت لورانس.

وفيات

يناير-يونيو

• January 11 – Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Colombia (و. 1805)
• January 13 – Schuyler Colfax, Vice President of the United States (و. 1823)
• January 26 – Charles "Chinese" Gordon, British general (killed in battle) (و. 1833)
• 1 فبراير – Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, inventor (و. 1850)
• Februaryثمانية – Nikolai Severtzov, Russian explorer and naturalist (b.1827)
• March 12 – Próspero Fernández Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (و. 1834)
• April 2 – Justo Rufino Barrios, Central American leader (و. 1835)
• April 25 – Queen Emma of Hawaii (و. 1836)
• May 2 – Terézia Zakoucs Hungarian Slovene author (و. 1817)
• May أربعة – Irvin McDowell, American general (و. 1818)
• May 17 – Jonathan Young, United States Navy commodore (و. 1826)
• May 19 – Robert Emmet Odlum swimming instructor that becomes the first person to jump from the Brooklyn Bridge and subsequently dies.
• May 22 – Victor Hugo, French author (و. 1802)
• June 17 – Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel, German field marshal (و. 1809)
• June 22 – Muhammad Ahmad, Mahdi (و. 1844)

يوليو–ديسمبر

• July 23 – Ulysses S. Grant, American Civil War general and the 18th President of the United States (و. 1822)
• August – Aga Khan II, religious leader (و. 1830)
• Augustعشرة – James Wilson Marshall, American contractor and builder of Sutter's Mill (و. 1810)
• August 29 – Moriz Ludassy, Hungarian journalist (و. 1825)
• Septemberستة – Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol, Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer, inventor of the first combustion engine-driven submarine, which was propelled by an early form of air-independent propulsion (و. 1819).
• September 15 – Jumbo, the great elephant & star attraction in P. T. Barnum's circus (train accident) (و. 1861)
• October 29 – George B. McClellan, American Civil War general (و. 1826)
• November 16 – Louis Riel, Canadian leader (و. 1844)
• November 24 – Nicolás Avellaneda, Argentine president (و. 1837)
• November 25
  • King Alfonso XII of Spain (و. 1857)
  • Thomas Hendricks, 21st Vice President of the United States (و. 1819)
• November 26 – Thomas Andrews, Irish chemist (و. 1813)
• Decemberثمانية – William Henry Vanderbilt, American entrepreneur (و. 1821)
• December 15 – Ferdinand II of Portugal, consort of Queen Maria II (و. 1816)

في الخيال

• September 2–Septemberسبعة – The film Back to the Future Part III takes place during this time.
• The stage "Bury My Shell at Wounded Knee" in the 1992 video game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Turtles in Time is set in this year.

References

ru-sib:1885