| | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1838

سنة 1838 (MDCCCXXXVIII) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الاثنين (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1838 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 838 في الألفية 2، السنة 38 في القرن 19، والسنة تسعة في عقد 1830 بين 1583 و1929 ومع فارق 1838 is 12 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.

أحداث

• Januaryعشرة – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London.
• January 21 – The first known report about the lowest temperature on Earth was made, indicating −60 °س (−76 °ف) في ياكوتسك.
• Aprilثمانية – 23 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's paddle steamer (1838) makes the transatlantic crossing to New York from Avonmouth, England, in fifteen days, inaugurating a regular steamship service.
• 30 أبريل - نيكاراگوا تعلن انفصالها عن جمهورية أمريكا الوسطى الاتحادية.
  • Lord Durham and his entourage arrive in Upper Canada to investigate the cause of the 1837 rebellion in that province. This leads to Durham submitting the Durham Report to Britain.
  • An insurrection breaks out in Tizimín, beginning the campaign for the independence of Yucatán from Mexico.
• 26 مايو- المهاجرون الجدد إلى أمريكا يجبرون قبائل الشيروكي (من السكان الأصليين للبلاد) على مغادرة أماكن معيشتهم في مسيرة الدموع. اغتال 4000 إنسان نتيجة لذلك.
• May 28 – Braulio Carrillo is sworn in as Head of State of Costa Rica, thus beginning his second term in office.
• Juneعشرة – 28 Indigenous Australians are killed in the Myall Creek massacre.
• June 28 – Coronation of Queen Victoria takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.

يوليو–سبتمبر

• August 1 – Former slaves in Jamaica are freed of their indentures.
• Augustستة – The Polytechnic Institution, predecessor of the University of Westminster and Britain's first polytechnic, opens in Regent Street, London.
• Septemberسبعة – Grace Darling and her father rescue thirteen survivors from the off the Farne Islands.

أكتوبر–ديسمبر

• October 1 – Supporters of Infante Carlos, Count of Molina, are victorious in the Battle of Maella during the First Carlist War.
• October 27 – Lilburn Boggs, Governor of Missouri, by Missouri Executive Order 44 declares Mormons to be enemies of the state and encourages the extermination or exile of the religious minority, forcing nearly 10,000 Mormons out of the state.
• November ثلاثة – The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce is founded (renamed The Times of India in 1861).
• Novemberخمسة – Dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America: Honduras and Costa Rica follow the example of Nicaragua and secede from the federation.
• November 16 – Austria-Hungary : Moravia, opening final section of Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway Rajhrad-Brno for exhibition (preliminary) use.
• December 16 – The Boers win a decisive victory over the Zulus in the Battle of Blood River.
• ديسمبر
  • الحرب الأفغانية الإنگليزية الأولى: British and Presidency armies set out from Punjab in support of Shah Shujah Durrani's claim to the throne of Afghanistan.
  • Pastry War: Mexico is invaded by French forces.

تاريخ مجهول

• The Pitcairn Islands become a Crown colony of the United Kingdom; and women there are the first in the world to be granted and maintain women's suffrage.
• Proteins are discovered by Gerardus Johannes Mulder and named by Jöns Jacob Berzelius.
• Friedrich Bessel makes the first accurate measurement of distance to a star.
• Five nuns from the Religious Sisters of Charity in Ireland become the first women of religion to set foot on Australian soil.
• Biblical criticism: Christian Hermann Weisse proposes the two-source hypothesis.
• Duke University is established in North Carolina.
• The 5th century BC bronze Chatsworth Head is acquired by the 6th Duke of Devonshire at Smyrna from H. P. Borrell.

مواليد

يناير–يونيو

• January أربعة – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer and entertainer (d. 1883)
• Januaryستة – Max Bruch, German composer (d. 1920)
• January 16 – Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (d. 1917)
• January 29 – Edward W. Morley, American chemist noted for working on the Michelson–Morley experiment (d. 1923)
• February 2 – John Joseph Jolly Kyle, Scots-born Argentine chemist (d. 1922)
• Februaryستة – Henry Irving, English actor (d. 1905)
• Februaryتسعة – Evelyn Wood, British field marshal and Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1919)
• Februaryعشرة – Gustav Oelwein, founder of Oelwein, Iowa (d. 1913)
• February 12 – Julius Dresser, American writer (d. 1893)
• February 16 – Henry Brooks Adams, American historian (d. 1918)
• February 18 – Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist and philosopher (d. 1916)
• March ثلاثة – George William Hill, American astronomer (d. 1914)
• March 11 – Ōkuma Shigenobu, Japanese politician (d. 1922)
• March 12 – William Henry Perkin, English chemist (d. 1907)
• April ثلاثة – John Willis Menard, African-American politician (d. 1893)
• April 12 – John Shaw Billings, M.D., American military and medical leader (d. 1913)
• April 16
  • Ernest Solvay, Belgian chemist, industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1922)
  • Martha McClellan Brown, American temperance movement leader (d. 1916)
• April 18 – Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, French chemist (d. 1912)
• April 21 – John Muir, American ecologist (d. 1914)
• April 28 – Tobias Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1913)
• Mayعشرة – John Wilkes Booth, American actor and assassin (d. 1865)
• May 11 – Isabelle Bogelot, French philanthropist (d. 1923)
• May 20 – Jules Méline, French statesman (d. 1925)
• June 14 – Yamagata Aritomo, Japanese field marshal and Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1922)
• June 24 – Gustav von Schmoller, German economist (d. 1917)

يوليو–ديسمبر

• Julyثمانية – Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German military officer and founder of the Zeppelin Company (d. 1917)
• July 18 – John A. Kimberly, American entrepreneur and Co-founder of Kimberly-Clark (d. 1928)
• September 2 – Bhaktivinoda Thakur, Indian guru and philosopher (d. 1914)
• September 2 – Liliuokalani, last Queen of Hawaii (d. 1917)
• September 17 – Valeriano Weyler, Spanish general (d. 1930)
• September 27 – Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Confederate brigadier general, Texas governor and president of Texas A&M University (d. 1898)
• September 29 – Henry Hobson Richardson, American architect (d. 1886)
• Octoberستة – Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer (d. 1910)
• October 25 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
• October 31 – King Luís I of Portugal (d. 1889)
• Novemberسبعة – Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer (d. 1889)
• November 20 – Hedvig Raa-Winterhjelm, pioneer actor (d. 1907)
• December ثلاثة – Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist (d. 1916)
• December 19 – Khedrup Gyatso, 11th Dalai Lama (d. 1856)
• December 20 – Edwin Abbott Abbott, theologian and author (d. 1926)
• December 30 – Émile Loubet, 7th President of France (d. 1929)

تاريخ غير معروف

• جمال الدين الأفغاني، مفهم ومحرر (ت. 1897)

وفيات

يناير–يونيو

• 3 يناير – Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony (و. 1759)
• Januaryخمسة – Anthony Van Egmond, rebel leader in Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837 (died in jail) (و. 1778)
• January 12 – Joshua Humphreys, American naval architect (و. 1751)
• January 13 – John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (و. 1751)
• February 21 – Silvestre de Sacy, linguist (و. 1758)
• February 24 – Christoph Johann von Medem, German courtier (و. 1763)
• March 13 – Poul Martin Møller, philosopher (و. 1794)
• March 16 – Nathaniel Bowditch, American mathematician (و. 1773)
• April ثلاثة – François Carlo Antommarchi, French physician (و. 1780)
• Aprilستة – José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Brazilian statesman and naturalist (و. 1763)
• Aprilتسعة – Piet Uys, Voortrekker leader (in battle) (و. 1797)
• May 17 – Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, French diplomat (و. 1754)
• May 19 – Sir Richard Hoare, English archaeologist (و. 1758)
• May 23 – Jan Willem Janssens, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (و. 1762)
• June 14 – Maximilian von Montgelas, Bavarian statesman (و. 1759)

يوليو–ديسمبر

• July 19 – Christmas Evans, preacher (و. 1766)
• August 1 – John Rodgers, American naval officer (و. 1772)
• August 17 – Lorenzo Da Ponte, librettist for Mozart (و. 1749)
• August 21 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (و. 1781)
• September 1 – William Clark, American explorer (و. 1770)
• September 27 – Bernard Courtois, French chemist (و. 1777)
• October 1 – Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist and industrialist (و. 1768)
• October ثلاثة – Black Hawk, Sauk Indian chief and autobiographer (و. 1767)
• November 21 – Georges Mouton, count of Lobau, Marshal of France (و. 1770)

تاريخ مجهول

• Francisco Gómez, president of El Salvador (و. 1796)

الهامش

ru-sib:1838