الثورة الدبلوماسية
التحالفات تشكلت كنتيجة للثورة الدبلوماسية.
الثورة الدبلوماسية 1756 Diplomatic Revolution كانت انقلاب التحالفات القائمة لزمن طويل في أوروپا بين حرب الخلافة النمساوية وحرب السنوات السبع. Austria went from an ally of Britain to an ally of France, while Prussia became an ally of Britain. The most influential diplomat involved was an Austrian statesman, Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz.
The change was part of the stately quadrille, a constantly shifting pattern of alliances throughout the 18th century, efforts to preserve or upset the توازن القوى الأوروپي.
الخلفية
معاهدة وستمنستر
الاتفاقية تلتها المعاهدة الأنگلو-پروسية الأكثر مباشرةً في 1758.
معاهدة ڤرساي الأولى
معاهدة ڤرساي الثانية
الأعقاب
انظر أيضاً
- Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
- Balance of power (international relations)
المراجع
- ^ D.B. Horn, "The Diplomatic Revolution" in J.O. Lindsay, ed., The New Cambridge Modern History vol. 7, The Old Regime: 1713–63 (1957): pp 449–64.
- ^ Jeremy Black, Essay and Reflection: On the 'Old System' and the Diplomatic Revolution' of the Eighteenth Century" International History Review (1990) 12#2 pp. 301–323
- ^ Franz A.J. Szabo, "Prince Kaunitz and the Balance of Power." International History Review 1#3 (1979): 399–408. in JSTOR
للاستزادة
- Black, Jeremy. "Essay and Reflection: On the 'Old System' and the Diplomatic Revolution' of the Eighteenth Century" International History Review (1990) 12#2 pp. 301–323 in JSTOR
- Coffin, Judith G. and Robert C. Stacy, Western Civilizations Volume II (2005), 568–570.
- Cooper, Kirsten. "A Rivalry Ended? France and Austria during the Diplomatic Revolution and Seven Years War, 1756–1758" (PhD. Diss. Emory University, 2012) online.
- Horn, D. B. "The Diplomatic Revolution" in J.O. Lindsay, ed., The New Cambridge Modern History vol. 7, The Old Regime: 1713–63 (1957): pp 449–64; comprehensive brief overview.
- Ingrao, Charles W. The Habsburg Monarchy (Cambridge University Press, 2000), 157–177.
- Schweizer, Karl W. War, Politics, and Diplomacy: The Anglo-Prussian Alliance, 1756–1763 (University Press of Amer, 1991).
- Szabo, Franz A.J. "Prince Kaunitz and the Balance of Power." International History Review 1#3 (1979): 399–408. in JSTOR
