ناقل الناس

Interior of Satellite Transit System, Seattle, Washington, USA. Opened in 1969, it is one of the first operational automated people mover systems in the world.

PHX Sky Train in Phoenix, USA, opened in 2013

Morgantown PRT

Platform of Zhujiang New Town APM in Guangzhou, China

A people mover or automated people mover (APM) is a type of small scale automated guideway transit system. The term is generally used only to describe systems serving relatively small areas such as airports, downtown districts or theme parks.

The term was originally applied to three different systems, developed roughly at the same time. One was Skybus, an automated mass transit system prototyped by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation beginning in 1964. The second, alternately called the People Mover and Minirail, opened in Montreal at Expo 67. Finally the last, called PeopleMover or WEDway PeopleMover, was an attraction that was originally presented by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and that opened at Disneyland in 1967. Now, however, the term "people mover" is generic, and may use technologies such as monorail, duorail, automated guideway transit or maglev. Propulsion may involve conventional on-board electric motors, linear motors or cable traction.

Generally speaking, larger APMs are referred to by other names. The most generic is "automated guideway transit", which encompasses any automated system regardless of size. Some complex APMs deploy fleets of small vehicles over a track network with off-line stations, and supply near non-stop service to passengers. These taxi-like systems are more usually referred to as personal rapid transit (PRT). Larger systems, with vehicles with 20 to 40 passengers, are sometimes referred to as "group rapid transit" (GRT), although this term is not particularly common. Other complex APMs have similar characteristics to mass transit systems, and there is no clear cut distinction between a complex APM of this type and an automated mass transit system. Another term "Light Metro" is also applied to describe the system worldwide.

History

Never-Stop Railway

One of the first automated systems for human transportation was the screw-driven 'Never-Stop-Railway', constructed for the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley, London in 1924. This railway consisted of 88 unmanned carriages, on a continuous double track along the northern and eastern sides of the exhibition, with reversing loops at either end.

The carriages ran on two parallel concrete beams and were guided by pulleys running on the inner side of these concrete beams, and were propelled by gripping a revolving screw thread running between the tracks in a pit; by adjusting the pitch of this thread at different points, the carriages could be sped up, or slowed down to a walking pace at stations, to allow passengers to join and leave. The railway ran reliably for the two years of the exhibition, and was then dismantled.

Small sections of this track bed, and a nearby heavy rail track bed, have been proposed for reuse.

Goodyear and Stephens-Adamson

Manufacturers

Heavy APMs

Ansaldo STS
Bombardier Innovia Metro
Bombardier Innovia Monorail
Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company
Mitsubishi Heavy Industry
Véhicule Automatique Léger (VAL)
Hyundai Rotem

Light APMs

Ansaldo STS
Bombardier Innovia APM
DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Leitner Group
Poma Group
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover
Parry People Movers (PPM)
Hyundai Rotem

أمثلة

VAL Automated People mover
(Véhicule Automatique Léger)

النقل الحضري

البرازيل

Porto Alegre Aeromovel system

كندا

تورونتو، أونتاريو: LINK Train (fully automated)

الصين

Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System in Guangzhou

فرنسا

Laon (Poma 2000) closed on 27 August 2016
Lille (Lille Metro; VAL system)
پاريس (Orlyval and CDGVAL; both VAL system)
پاريس (Paris Métro Line 14)
Rennes (Rennes Metro; VAL system)
تولوز (Toulouse Metro; VAL system)

ألمانيا

دورتموند H-Bahn
دوسلدورف Skytrain at Düsseldorf Airport (H-Bahn)
SkyLine at Flughafen Frankfurt am Main (Bombardier Innovia APM)
مطار ميونخ Automated People Mover between Terminal 2 and Satellite

هونگ كونگ

Disneyland Resort Line
Hong Kong International Airport Automated People Mover
South Island Line (East)
Hong Kong Ocean Park Ocean Express

إيطاليا

Automated MiniMetro in Perugia, Italy

Perugia، Minimetrò (fully automated)
ميلانو، MeLA Line 2 - S. Raffaele Hospital (fully automated)
ميلانو، Metro Lineخمسة (Lilla)
پيزا، PisaMover (fully automated)
Venice، Venice People Mover Isola del Tronchetto - Piazzale Roma.
Turin، Turin Metro (VAL)

اليابان

Hiroshima: Astram Line
Kobe: Port Liner، Rokkō Liner
Nagoya: Linimo، Nagoya Guideway Bus
Osaka: New Tram (Osaka Municipal Nankō Port Town Line)
Saitama: New Shuttle
Sakura: Yamaman Yūkarigaoka Line
Tokorozawa: Seibu Railway Yamaguchi Line (Leo Liner)
Tokyo: Yurikamome، Nippori-Toneri Liner
Yokohama: Seaside Line

ماليزيا

KL Monorail
KLIA Aerotrain
Melaka Monorail

الفلپين

UP Diliman Automated Guideway Transit
Bicutan Automated Guideway Transit

البرتغال

Oeiras: SATU
Porto: Funicular dos Guindais

Bukit Panjang LRT Line, Singapore

Sengkang LRT Line, A Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover on the East Loop, Singapore

سنغافورة

Bukit Panjang Light Rail Transit
Sengkang Light Rail Transit
Punggol Light Rail Transit
Changi Airport Skytrain

كوريا الجنوبية

U Line
Ui LRT
Incheon Airport Maglev
Incheon Subway Line 2
Busan Subway Line 4
Busan-Gimhae LRT
Yongin Everline

Incheon Airport Maglev

جنوب أفريقيا

Durban People Mover
Durban Transport

تايوان

Wenhu Line (Taipei Metro)
Taoyuan International Airport Skytrain

تايلند

Suvarnabhumi Airport Automated People Mover

الإمارات العربية المتحدة

دبي: مترودبي

المملكة المتحدة

Birmingham Airport AirRail Link system
Gatwick airport Terminal transfer
Heathrow Terminal 5, 5B and 5C shuttle
London Stansted Airport Transit System
ULTra personal transit system, London Heathrow Airport
Docklands Light Railway

الولايات المتحدة

Detroit People Mover، Detroit، Michigan

Metromover، Miami، Florida

BART Coliseum–Oakland International Airport line، Oakland، California

الحضر

Detroit، Michigan: Detroit People Mover
Jacksonville، Florida: Jacksonville Skyway
Las Vegas، Nevada: Las Vegas Monorail
Miami، Florida: Metromover، MIA Mover
Seattle, Washington: Seattle Center Monorail

منتزهات الترفيه/مناطق المعارض/التسوق/المراكز الطبية

Huntsville، Alabama: Huntsville Hospital People Mover
Indianapolis، Indiana: Indiana University Health People Mover
Las Colinas، Irving, Texas: Las Colinas APT System
Morgantown، West Virginia: Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit
Las Vegas: Mandalay Bay Tram
Washington, D.C.: United States Capitol Subway System Dirksen/Hart Line
New Orleans: SEF personnel in New Orleans-Convention Center

المطارات

Newark، نيوجرزي: AirTrain Newark
Oakland، California: BART to Oakland International Airport
Phoenix، Arizona: Phoenix Sky Train
New York City، New York: AirTrain JFK Airport

ڤنزويلا

Caracas: Cabletren Bolivariano

مدغشقر

أنتسوهيهي：Antsohihyconferencemetro

المطارات

Many large international airports around the world feature people mover systems to transport passengers between terminals or within a terminal itself. Some people mover systems at airports connect with other public transportation systems to allow passengers to travel into the airport's city.

An underground people mover, called The Plane Train، station at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
LINK Interterminal Shuttle at Toronto Pearson International Airport
AirRail Link at Birmingham International Airport, West Midlands, UK
Skytrain (H-Bahn), Düsseldorf Airport, Germany

غيرهم

The former PeopleMover attraction at Disneyland، which ran from 1967 to 1995. (This is a source of the name "people mover." The name was not intended to be used on a permanent basis, but WED Enterprises could not come up with any other names for it.)
The Tomorrowland Transit Authority PeopleMover attraction, which was formerly called the WEDway PeopleMover, at Walt Disney World
The Hogwarts Express attraction, a funicular railroad within Universal Orlando Resort that connects the two The Wizarding World of Harry Potter sections, Hogsmeade at Islands of Adventure and Diagon Alley at Universal Studios Orlando
West Virginia University (Morgantown, West Virginia) – a Group Rapid Transit system، similar to Personal rapid transit
The Huntsville Hospital Tram System connects different buildings of the Huntsville Hospital System.
Slope car، a small automated monorail found in various parts of Japan, can be considered as a simple form of people mover.
In addition to the Las Vegas Monorail، several people mover systems are in place in the Las Vegas Valley، Nevada. Three connect the McCarran International Airport terminals 1 and ثلاثة to its C-, D-, and E-gates. Another connects The Mirage to Treasure Island Hotel and Casino. Two people mover connects hotels on the Las Vegas Strip. The Mandalay Bay Tram connects Excalibur، Luxor، and Mandalay Bay. The City Center Tram connects Monte Carlo، The Crystals in City Center, and the Bellagio.
Circus Circus Reno sky shuttle operates between hotel towers in Reno، Nevada.
The Minirail automated monorail at Expo 67، which incorporated track and rolling stock from the 1964 Swiss National Exhibition.
The SK people mover in Shanghai operates in the Bund sightseeing tunnel.
The fully underground Serfaus Village Railway is operating in the car-free Austrian village of Serfaus.

References

^ "Skybus in Pittsburgh". Archived from the original on 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2010-04-17.
^ Massey, Steve. "Who killed Westinghouse?". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on 2007-11-17. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
^ "Westinghouse Company Timeline (1940–1979)". Westinghouse Electric Company, LLC. Archived from the original on 2007-08-19. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
^ Weiss, Werner. "PeopleMover at Disneyland". Yesterland.com. Archived from the original on 2007-11-07. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
^ Michael Taplin (March 2013). "A world of trams and urban transit - A complete listing of Light Rail, Light Railway, Tramway & Metro systems throughout the World". Light Rail Transit Association (LRTA). Retrieved 2014-11-28.
^ "Korean city opens automatic light metro". Rail Journal.com. Archived from the original on 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2014-11-24.
^ "BJP promises light metro in Bhopal and Indore". dnaindia.com. Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2014-11-28.
^ British Film Institute Never-Stop Railway
^ British Pathe (agency) Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine. Never-Stop Railway film (probably 1925)
^ British Pathe (agency) Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine. Never-Stop Railway film (probably 1925), see at 01:24 for analyzing the guiding system
^ Hulton Archive:modified tractor running on the 'Never Stop Railway' Archived 2013-07-23 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "Exhibiting the Empire". The Tribune. Chandigarh. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. Retrieved 2006-11-06.
^ The Times Archived 2009-09-25 at the Wayback Machine. Comment on light-rail proposal
^ Potter, John (12 July 2012). "A New Look at a Reno Classic: Downtown's Sky Shuttle". KTVN-TV. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.