بولون-بيانكور

بولون-بيانكور
Boulogne-Billancourt
بولون-بيانكور; Boulogne-Billancourt
	Subprefecture وcommune
	كنيسة سيدتنا في بولون-بيانكور
	; Coat of arms
	; Coat of arms
	پاريس وأنطقيم الحلقة الداخلية
	بولون-بيانكور; Boulogne-Billancourt بولون-بيانكور; Boulogne-Billancourt پاريس وأنطقيم الحلقة الداخلية
	الإحداثيات: Coordinates:
البلد	فرنسا
المنطقة	إيل دوفرانس (منطقة)
الإقليم	Hauts-de-Seine
Arrondissement	بولون-بيانكور
Canton	بولون-بيانكور-1 و2
Intercommunality	پاريس الكبرى
الحكم
• Mayor (2008–2020)	Pierre-Christophe Baguet
المساحة1	6٫17 كم² (2٫38 ميل²)
التعداد()2
منطقة التوقيت	CET (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+01:00)
• الصيفي	CEST (UTC+02:00)
INSEE/Postal code	92012 /92100
Elevation	28–40 م (92–131 قدم)
	1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

بولون-بيانكور (Boulogne-Billancourt ؛ النطق الفرنسي: [bulɔɲ bijɑ̃kuʁ]؛ كثيراً ما تسمى بالدارجة ببساطة بولون، حتى 1924 بولون-على-السين Boulogne-sur-Seine) هي commune in the western suburbs, and 8 kم (5.0 ميل) from the centre, of the French capital Paris. Boulogne-Billancourt is a subprefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Boulogne-Billancourt.

الوضع

View from Issy – Val de Seine RER C station in the Val de Seine business district.

With an average household income in 2013 of €47,592, nearly twice the French average of €25,548, Boulogne-Billancourt is one of the wealthiest cities in France.

Boulogne-Billancourt is the most populous suburb of Paris and one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe.^[] Formerly an important industrial site, it has successfully reconverted into business services and is now home to major communication companies headquartered in the Val de Seine business district.

الاسم

The original name of the commune was Boulogne-sur-Seine (meaning "Boulogne upon السين").

Before the 14th century, Boulogne was a small village called Menuls-lès-Saint-Cloud (meaning "Menuls near Saint-Cloud"). In the beginning of the 14th century, King Philip IV of France ordered the building in Menuls-lès-Saint-Cloud of a church dedicated to the virgin of the sanctuary of Boulogne-sur-Mer, then a famous pilgrimage center in northern France. The church, meant to become a pilgrimage centre closer to Paris than the distant city of Boulogne-sur-Mer, was named Notre-Dame de Boulogne la Petite ("Our Lady of Boulogne the Minor"). Gradually, the village of Menuls-lès-Saint-Cloud became known as Boulogne-la-Petite, and later as Boulogne-sur-Seine.

In 1924, Boulogne-sur-Seine was officially renamed Boulogne-Billancourt to reflect the development of the industrial neighbourhood of Billancourt annexed in 1860 (see history section below).

As for the name Billancourt, it was recorded for the first time in 1150 as Bullencort, sometimes also spelled Bollencort. It comes from Medieval Latin cortem, accusative of cors, meaning "enclosure", "estate", suffixed to the Germanic patronym Buolo (meaning "friend, brother, kinsman"), thus having the meaning of "estate of Buolo".

التاريخ

On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighbouring communes. On that occasion, the communes of Auteuil and Passy were disbanded and divided between Boulogne-Billancourt (then called Boulogne-sur-Seine) and the city of Paris. Boulogne-sur-Seine received a small part of the territory of Passy, and about half of the territory of Auteuil (including the area of Billancourt, which belonged to the disbanded commune of Auteuil).

Some of the shooting events of the 1900 Summer Olympics took place in Boulogne-Billancourt.

In 1929, the Bois de Boulogne, which was hitherto divided between the communes of Boulogne-Billancourt and Neuilly-sur-Seine, was annexed in its entirety by the city of Paris. On that occasion, Boulogne-Billancourt, to which most of the Bois de Boulogne belonged, lost about half of its territory.

Boulogne-Billancourt is known for being the birthplace of three major French industries. It was the location, in 1906 for the very first aircraft factory, that of Appareils d'Aviation Les Freres Voisin, which was then followed by those of many other aviation pioneers, and the tradition continues with several aviation related companies still operating in the area. The automobile industry had a large presence with Renault on Île Seguin, and Salmson building both cars and aircraft engines. Finally, the French film industry started here and, from 1922 to 1992 it was the home of the Billancourt Studios, and since becoming a major location for French film production. It was used as the setting of the TV show Code Lyoko.

الحضر

The ecologic neighborhood of the Trapèze in Boulogne-Billancourt: the district stands on 74ha and will be able to contain up to 18000 inhabitants at the end of its construction. 65% of the district's energy is brought by geothermal power, which heats and freshens the buildings. Solar panels and a vegetable greenhouse were installed in the aim to link the district to sustainable energies.Bicycle and “soft” travels will of course be put first to reduce the pollution caused by cars, and others vehicles which do not run on electricity.
The Ambroise Paré Hospital is located in the city.

الادارة

With the city of Sèvres, Boulogne-Billancourt is part of the communauté d'agglomération Val de Seine.

المواصلات

Boulogne-Billancourt is served by two stations on Paris Métro Line 10: Boulogne – Jean Jaurès and Boulogne – Pont de Saint-Cloud.

It is also served by three stations on Paris Métro Line 9: Marcel Sembat, Billancourt, and Pont de Sèvres.

الاقتصاد

Boulogne-Billancourt hosts the global headquarters of several multinational companies, including:

Alcatel-Lucent
Carrefour
Française des Jeux^[]
Pika Édition
Renault
TF1 (TF1 Tower)^[]
Vallourec
Yoplait

Prior to 2000 Schneider Electric's head office was in Boulogne-Billancourt.

المعالم الرئيسية

The Musée Albert-Kahn at 14, rue du Port, Boulogne-Billancourt is a national museum and includes four hectares of gardens, joining together landscape scenes of various national traditions. The museum also includes historic photographs and film.
The Musée des Années Trente is a museum of artistic and industrial objects from the 1930s.

Education

See also: Enseignement à Boulogne-Billancourt (French)

The public collèges (middle schools) in the commune include Jacqueline-Auriol, Bartholdi, Paul-Landowski, and Jean-Renoir. The public high schools are the Lycée Jacques-Prévert and the Lycée polyvalent Étienne-Jules-Marey. Prior to the September 1968 opening of Prévert, the first high school/sixth-form in Boulogne, an annex of Lycée La Fontaine served the city.

The private school Groupe Scolaire Maïmonide Rambam covers maternelle through lycée. There is also the private high school Notre-Dame. The latter's performance and ranking in Boulogne-Billancourt are given by its success of baccalaureate rate in different series. According to the ranking of L'Express in 2015, the national rank of Notre-Dame de Boulogne was 170 out of 2301 andسبعة out of 52 at department level. The private schools Dupanloup and Saint-Joseph-du-Parchamp serve maternelle through collège. Private maternelle and élémentaire schools include Saint-Alexandre and Saint-François d’Assise. Jardin de Solférino and La Maison de l'Enfant are private maternelles.

The Association Eveil Japon (エベイユ学園 Ebeiyu Gakuen), a supplementary Japanese education program, is located in Boulogne-Billancourt.

أبرز الأشخاص

Boulogne-Billancourt was the birthplace of:

Pierre Bellemare, actor, writer
Pape Badiane, basketball player
Bertrand Blier (born 14 March 1939), screenwriter and film director; son of Bernard Blier
Hubert Le Blon, (21 March 1874 -2 April 1910), automobilist and pioneer aviator.
Christophe Boltanski (bornعشرة July 1962), writer and journalist
Booba, (born 1976) rapper
Daniel Buren (born 1938), conceptual artist
Guillaume Canet (bornعشرة April 1973), actor, screenwriter and director
Leslie Caron (born 1931), film actress and dancer
Benjamin Castaldi (born 28 March 1970), TV presenter and producer; son of actor Jean-Pierre Castaldi, former husband of fellow TV presenter Flavie Flament
Matthieu Chedid (born 21 December 1971), composer, singer, guitarist; son of fellow singer and composer Louis Chedid and grandson of writer and poet Andrée Chedid.
Michel Combes (born 1962), French businessman; the current CEO of Alcatel-Lucent
Guillaume Connesson (born May 5, 1970), composer;
Édith Cresson (born 1934), politician, former Prime Minister of France under François Mitterrand's presidency;
Xavier de Roux (born 1940), politician;
Michel Deville (born 13 April 1931), screenwriter and film director;
Françoise Deslogères (bornتسعة May 1929), ondist;
Frederic Eger(born 14 July 1975), International award winning TV journalist, host, screenwriter, director and producer; to date (last updateعشرة march 2019), has wonتسعة awards and 35 nominations worldwide for his work in news, news magazines, documentaries and narratives, in particular Quantum Earth;
Laurent Garnier (born 1 February 1966), electronic music producer/DJ;
Anna Gavalda (born 1970), best-selling novelist;
Hippolyte Girardot (bornعشرة October 1955), actor;
André Glucksmann (1937-2015), political philosopher, writer;
David Hallyday, (born David Smet on 14 August 1966), composer, pop rock singer; son of singers Johnny Hallyday (born Jean-Philippe Smet) and Sylvie Vartan, brother of actress Laura Smet, cousin of actor Michael Vartan
Raphaël Hamburger, (born on 2 April 1981), music supervisor, son of singers Michel Berger (born Michel Hamburger) and France Gall
Raphaël Haroche, (bornسبعة November 1975), singer, songwriter and actor;
Jacques Huntzinger, (born 1 August 1943), ambassador;
Henri Kagan (born 1930), chemist;
Keny Arkana (born 20 December 1982), Argentinian-French rapper, and co-founder of the social movement La Rage du peuple;
Sandrine Kiberlain (born 25 February 1968), actress; wife of fellow French actor Vincent Lindon;
Louise L. Lambrichs (born 1952), novelist and screenwriter;
Gérard Lanvin (born 21 June 1950), actor;
Corinne Lepage (born 11 May 1951), politician;
Marc Levy (born 16 October 1961), international best-sellers writer;
Thierry Lhermitte (born 24 November 1952), actor, co-writer (usually with the band of the Splendid), director, producer.;
Nicolas Mahut (born January 21, 1982), tennis player;
Patrick Modiano (born 30 July 1945), writer, winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature;
Nelson Monfort (born 12 March 1954), TV presenter, translator, sports commentator for French public television.;
Thibault de Montaigu (born 21 December 1978), writer and journalist
Roger Monteaux (born 18 July 1879), actor
Bulle Ogier (born Marie-France Thielland onتسعة August 1939), actress
Claude Pinoteau, actor, director, writer, producer
François Polgár (born 19 October 1946), choir conductor
Jérôme Pradon (born ثلاثة June 1964), stage actor
Thierry Roland (1934-2012), football specialist, sports journalist, TV commentator and presenter.
Baron Edmond James de Rothschild (1845–1934), philanthropist and activist for Jewish affairs
Véronique Sanson, singer
Alain Sarde (born 28 March 1952), former actor, now writer and producer.
Catherine Spaak (born ثلاثة April 1945), actress
Agnès Spaak (born 29 April 1944), actress
Georgette Tissier (26 June 1910 – 30 March 1957 in Paris), actress
Marie Trintignant (1962–2003), actress
Gaspard Ulliel, (born 25 November 1984), actor, model
Michael Vartan (born 1968), French-American actor
Marin de Viry (born 1962), writer
Zazie (Isabelle de Truchis de Varennes, born 1964), singer-songwriter
HI&RH Prince Lorenz of Belgium Archduke of Austria-Este, Prince Royal of Hungary (born 1955)

العلاقات الدولية

البلدات التوأم — المدن الشقيقة

بولون-بيانكور متوأمة مع:

منذ 1955:
- أندرلخت، بروكسل، بلجيكا
- Neukölln, برلين، ألمانيا
- Hammersmith and Fulham، لندن الكبرى، إنگلترة
- Zaanstad, هولندا الشمالية، هولندا
منذ 1968:
- Marino, روما، Lazio، إيطاليا
- Pančevo، صربيا
- Ra'anana، إسرائيل
منذ 1993:
- إرڤنگ, تكساس، الولايات المتحدة
- سوسة، تونس
منذ 2012:
- أبيجان، ساحل العاج

انظر أيضاً

Communes of the Hauts-de-Seine department
ألكاتل-لوسنت
Athletic Club de Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt Half Marathon
Raymond Couvègnes

المراجع

INSEE

^ " Check |url= value (help). خطأ لوا في وحدة:Wd على السطر 2187: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
^ "Salaire à Boulogne-Billancourt (92100, Hauts-de-Seine)" (in French). JDN. Retrieved 2016-06-20.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "1900 Summer Olympics official report" (PDF) (in French). La84foundation.org. p. 16. Retrieved November 14, 2010.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur (1997). French Aircraft of the First World War. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press. p. 541. ISBN .
^ Samuel, Mikaëla (2013-09-13). ". Le Figaro (in الفرنسية). ISSN 0182-5852. Retrieved 2017-05-12.
^ "Contact Us". Alcatel-Lucent. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
^ "Legal Infos". Carrefour. Archived from the original on April 30, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2012. "This site is published by Carrefour, a limited company (société anonyme) capitalised at €1,698,340,000, headquartered at 33, avenue Émile Zola, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, [...]"
^ "FAQ". Pika Édition. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
^ "Boulogne-Billancourt - RSAS". Renault. Archived from the original on September 23, 2009. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
^ "Vallourec: Contact Us". Vallourec. Retrieved 2017-07-09.
^ "Schneider-Electric s'est installé chez une filiale" (in French). journaldunet.com. Retrieved July 8, 2010.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "L'ENSEIGNEMENT DU SECOND DEGRÉ" (Archive). Commune of Boulogne-Billancourt. Retrieved on 16 May 2014.
^ "Naissance du lycée Archived 2016-09-18 at the Wayback Machine.." Lycée Jacques-Prévert. Retrieved on September 9, 2016.
^ "L'ENSEIGNEMENT PRIVÉ" (Archive). Commune of Boulogne-Billancourt. Retrieved on 16 May 2014.
^ "欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在）" (Archive). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Retrieved on May 10, 2014. "エベイユ Association Eveil Japon 27 rue de Serves 92100Boulogne-Billancourt, France"
^ ". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original onخمسة July 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-20.
^ "Ra'anana: Twin towns & Sister cities - Friends around the World". raanana.muni.il. Archived from the original on 30 April 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2010.