ديانة الهندو-أوروپيين الأوائل
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مواضيع هندو-اوروبية |
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| اللغات الهندو-اوروبية |
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الألبانية • الأرمنية • البلطيقية الكلتية • الجرمانية • اليونانية الهندو-إيرانية (الهندو-آرية, الإيرانية) الإيطالية • السلاڤية منقرضة: الأناضولية •
البلقانية القديمة (الداتشية, |
| الشعوب الهندو-اوروبية |
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الألبان • الأرمن البلط • الكلت • الشعوب الجرمانية اليونان • الهندو-آريون الإيرانيون • اللاتين • السلاڤ تاريخياً: الأناضوليون (الحيثيون, لويون) |
| الهندو-اوروبية الأولية |
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اللغة • المجتمع • الديانة |
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فرضية الكورگان الأناضول • أرمنيا • الهند • PCT |
| الدراسات الهندو-اوروبية |
Proto-Indo-European religion is the belief system adhered to by the Proto-Indo-Europeans. Although this belief system is not directly attested, it has been reconstructed by scholars of comparative mythology based on the similarities in the belief systems of various Indo-European peoples.
Various schools of thought exist regarding the precise nature of Proto-Indo-European religion, which do not always agree with each other. Vedic mythology, Roman mythology, and Norse mythology are the main mythologies normally used for comparative reconstruction, though they are often supplemented with supporting evidence from the Baltic, Celtic, Greek, Slavic, and Hittite traditions as well.
The Proto-Indo-European pantheon includes well-attested deities such as , the god of the daylit skies, his daughter , the goddess of the dawn, the Horse Twins, and the storm god . Other probable deities include *Péh2usōn, a pastoral god, and , a Sun goddess.
Well-attested myths of the Proto-Indo-Europeans include a myth involving a storm god who slays a multi-headed serpent that dwells in water, a myth about the Sun and Moon riding in chariots across the sky, and a creation story involving two brothers, one of whom sacrifices the other to create the world. The Proto-Indo-Europeans may have believed that the Otherworld was guarded by a watchdog and could only be reached by crossing a river. They also may have believed in a world tree, bearing fruit of immortality, either guarded by or gnawed on by a serpent or dragon, and tended by three goddesses who spun the thread of life.
Methods of reconstruction
Schools of thought
Source mythologies
Pantheon
Heavenly deities
Sky Father
Dawn Goddess
Sun and Moon
Divine Twins
Horse Twins
Twin Founders
The Proto-Indo-European Creation myth seems to have involved two key figures: *Manu- ("Man"; Indic Manu; Germanic Mannus) and his twin brother *Yemo- ("Twin"; Indic Yama; Germanic Ymir). Reflexes of these two figures usually fulfill the respective roles of founder of the human race and first human to die.نطقب:Snfنطقب:Snf
Storm deities
Water deities
Nature deities
*Péh2usōn, a pastoral deity, is reconstructed based on the Greek god Pan and the Vedic god Pūshān. Both deities are closely affiliated with goats and were worshipped as pastoral deities.نطقب:Snf
Mythology
Dragon or serpent
Celestial myths
See also
- Interpretatio graeca, the comparison of Greek deities to Germanic, Roman, and Celtic deities
- Neolithic religion
- Proto-Indo-European society
Notes
المراجع
- ^ Mallory 1991.
- ^ Anthony 2007.
- ^ Taylor, Timothy (1992), “The Gundestrup cauldron”, Scientific American, 266: 84-89. ISSN 0036-8733
- ^ Ross, Ann (1967), “The Horned God in Britain ”, Pagan Celtic Britain: 10-24. ISBN 0-89733-435-3
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نطقب:Proto-Indo-European language
