مايكل لورنس نيمان Michael Laurence Nyman, CBE ( و. 23 مارس 1944) مؤلف موسيقي بريطاني للموسيقى التبسيطية وعازف بيانوومحرر ليبريتوومنظر موسيقي، معروف للكثير من موسيقى الأفلام التي خطها خلال تعاونه الطويل مع المخرج بيتر جريناواي.

حياته

يعد مايكل نيمان أحد أنجح الموسيقيين البريطانيين في العصر الحديث، دائما أثار الجدل خلال موسيقاه المتنوعة في الأساليب. أول الأمر كان جزء من مجموعة موسيقيين تجريبيين بريطانيين، الذي تأثر بكيدج فأراد الهروب من التسلسل واعتناق منهج أكثر تعددية وفوضى. استغرقه الأمر تقريبا ربع قرن للتحول من مؤلف طليعي لموسيقى الافلام ليقرب من التيار الرئيسي، لكن رغم الشركات الكبرى التي ناصرته مثل ديكا وغم إم أي ما زال جزء من مؤسسة الموسيقى الكلاسيكية البريطانية لا تجده كذلك. تفهم نيمان في أكاديمية لندن الملكية للموسيقى في أوائل الستينات، وأوائل أعماله تعكس حماسه لشوستاكوفتش والأعمال ما بعد التسلسل لهاريسون بيرتويسل لكن عام 1964، لم ينبهر مع المواقف الصارمة للمؤسسة الحديثة، تخلى عن التأليف وركز على فهم الموسيقى، فحرر أعمال بورسيل وهاندل، وبالسفر إلى رومانيا لدراسة الموسيقى الشعبية. في أواخر الستينات صار ناقد، بالأخص لمجلة "المشاهد"، التي في صفحاتها أيد ستوكهاوزن والبيتلز على حد سواء وكان الشخص الأول الذي استخدم مصطلح "تبسيطية" المقترض من الفنون البصرية، في سياق الموسيقى.

في 1968، إذاعة البي بي سي لعمل رايخ "اخرج" ساعدت في إحياء اهتمام نيمان في التأليف وأدت لتطوير حماسه لمزيد من الشد اللحني للموسيقى النمطية القادمة من أمريكا. وفي نفس الوقت تقريبا خط ليبريتو"أسفل إلى جانب جرينوود" لهاريسون بيرتويسل. تقريبا بعد عقد كان بيرتويسل، الآن مدير للمرسح القومي، الذي منح لنيمان فرصته الكبرى فنادىه لتقديم موسيقى لإنتاج مسرحية جولدون il campielo. قام ينيمان بتجميع أعلى فرقة يمكنه التفكير فيها، مع البانجووالسوبرانوساكسفون الى جانب الريبيك والشوم. كان يحب الصوت حتى أنه ابقى الفرقة معا، اول الامر كفرقة "كامبيلو" صم باسم فرقة مايكل نيمان التي اكملها بالبيانوالخاص به.

وفي هذا الوقت خط أيضا 1-100 لفيلم بيتر جريناواي الذي اصبح متعاون منتظم معه، موسيقاه ناسبت تماما الصورة التي تشير للذات عن افلام مثل draughtsman contract و"الطاهي واللص وزوجته وعشيقها". في النهاية انتهى التعامل بسبب الخلاف المتبادل بينهما، لكن نيمان واصل كتابة موسيقى للافلام اشهرها فيلم جين كامبيون "البيانو" الذي استخدم منه "متتالية" و"كونشرتوالبيانو".

وفي وقت حديث كان نيمان منشغل في عدد من المشروعات التجريبية بما في ذلك the commissar vanishes عمل سمعي بصري ابتكر مع ديفيد كنج وكريس كونديك وعرض اول مرة في لندن عام 1999 وسانجام، حيث تعاونت فرقة نيمان مع الموسيقيين الكلاسيكيين الهنود. وفي عام 2005 اطلق مايكل شركته الخاصة "تسيجلات إم إن" مع تسجيل لأوبرا "رجل وفتى:دادا". والى جانب تسجيل اعمال اخرى اصدرت الشركة مواد لم تصدر من قبل واسطوانات اعيد اصدارها كانت ازيلت من الكتالوج.

	The Other Side From the Gattaca soundtrack by Michael Nyman
هل لديك معضلة في تشغيل هذا الملف،يا ترى؟ انظر مساعدة الوسائط.

مراحل هامة في مشواره الفني

• 1961–67 – Studies at the Royal Academy of Music and King's College London.
• 1968–78 – Works as music critic (becoming first person to apply the word "minimalist" to music).
• 1976 – Founds the Campiello Band (now the Michael Nyman Band) and embarks on eleven-film collaboration with Peter Greenaway.
• 1981 – Releases first Michael Nyman Band album.
• 1993 – Soundtrack for The Piano wins an Ivor Novello Award, Golden Globe, BAFTA and American Film Institute award and goes on to sell over three million copies.
• 2002–2005 – Composer-in-Residence at Badisches Staatstheater in Karlsruhe, Germany, who performed three Nyman operas and more tunes for his daughters.
• 2007 – Performed onسبعة July from Kyoto, Japan as part of the Live Earth global environmental awareness musical event.

أعماله

• 1963 – Introduction and Allegro Concertato for Wind Quartet (lost)
• 1963 – Divertimento for Flute, Oboe and Clarinet
• 1965 – Canzona for Flute
• 1974 – Bell Set No. 1 (multiple metal percussion)
• 1976 – 1–100 (4–6 pianos)
• 1976 – (First) Waltz in D (variable)
• 1976 – (Second) Waltz in F (variable)
• 1977 – In Re Don Giovanni (ensemble)
• 1978 – The Otherwise Very Beautiful Blue Danube Waltz (multiple pianos)
• 1979 – "The Masterwork" Award Winning Fish-Knife (ensemble)
• 1980 – A Neat Slice of Time (choir)
• 1981 – Think Slow, Act Fast (ensemble)
• 1981 – Five Orchestral Pieces for Opus Tree (band*) (based on Anton Webern's Five Orchestral Pieces, Op. 10)
• 1981 – M-Work (band)
• 1981 – 2 Violins
• 1982 – Four Saxes (Real Slow Drag) (saxophone quartet)
• 1983 – A Handsome, Smooth, Sweet, Smart, Clear Stroke: Or Else Play Not At All (orchestra)
• 1983 – Time's Up (chamber ensemble)
• 1983 – I'll Stake My Cremona to a Jew's Trump (electric violin and viola, both players also simultaneously singing)
• 1983 – Love is Certainly, at Least Alphabetically Speaking (soprano and band)
• 1984 – The Abbess of Andouillets (choir)
• 1985 – Nose-List Song (soprano and orchestra) [this and the above three works are from an unfinished opera setting of Laurence Sterne's The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, which Nyman has repeatedly cited as his all-time favourite book]
• 1985 – Childs Play (2 violins; harpsichord)
• 1985 – String Quartet No. 1
• 1986 – Taking a Line for a Second Walk (for orchestra (Basic Black) or piano duet)
• 1986 – The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (opera; libretto by Christopher Rawlence; adapted from the Oliver Sacks case study by Nyman, Rawlence, and Michael Morris^[])
• 1986 – And Do They Do (modern dance, 1986)
• 1987 – Vital Statistics (opera; libretto by Victoria Hardie)
• 1988 – String Quartet No. 2
• 1989 – Out of the Ruins (choir)
• 1989 – La Traversée de Paris (soprano and band)
• 1989 – The Fall of Icarus (band)
• 1989 – L'Orgie Parisienne Arthur Rimbaud setting (soprano or mezzo soprano and orchestra)
• 1989 – La Sept (band)
• 1990 – Shaping the Curve (soprano saxophone, string quartet or piano)
• 1990 – Six Celan Songs (contralto and orchestra)
• 1990 – Polish Love Song (soprano and piano or two clarinets, viola, cello and bass)
• 1990 – String Quartet No. 3
• 1990 – The Kiss and Other Movements
• 1991 – The Michael Nyman Songbook A collection of songs based on texts by Paul Celan, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, William Shakespeare, and Arthur Rimbaud and recorded with vocalist Ute Lemper.
• 1991 – Where the Bee Dances (soprano saxophone and orchestra)
• 1991 – Fluegelhorn and Piano
• 1992 – Time Will Pronounce (violin, cello, and piano)
• 1992 – For John Cage (brass ensemble)
• 1992 – Self-Laudatory Hymn of Inanna and Her Omnipotence (alto and string orchestra or countertenor and viol consort)
• 1992 – The Convertibility of Lute Strings (solo harpsichord)
• 1992 – Anne de Lucy Songs (soprano and piano)
• 1992 – Le Mari de la Coiffeuse (The Hairdresser's Husband)
• 1992 – The Upside-Down Violin (orchestra/ensemble)
• 1993 – MGV: Musique à grande vitesse (band and orchestra)
• 1993 – The Piano Concerto (piano and orchestra)
• 1993 – Noises, Sounds & Sweet Airs (1993; opera-ballet setting William Shakespeare's The Tempest)
• 1993 – Yamamoto Perpetuo (violin solo)
• 1993 – Songs for Tony (saxophone quartet)
• 1994 – To Morrow (soprano or soprano saxophone, organ)
• 1994 – 3 Quartets (ensemble)
• 1994 – Concerto for Trombone (trombone, orchestra, and steel filing cabinets)
• 1995 – String Quartet No. 4
• 1995 – Tango for Tim (In memoriam Tim Suster) (harpsichord)
• 1995 – The Waltz Song (unison voices)
• 1995 – Viola and Piano
• 1995 – Grounded (mezzo-soprano, saxophones, violin, piano)
• 1995 – HRT [High Rise Terminal] (chamber ensemble)
• 1995 – Concerto for Harpsichord and Strings
• 1995 – Double Concerto for Saxophone and Cello (saxophone, cello, and orchestra)
• 1996 – After Extra Time (ensemble)
• 1996 – Enemy Zero (game music)
• 1996 – The Ogre
• 1997 – Enemy Zero – Original Soundtrack
• 1997 – Strong on Oaks, Strong on the Causes of Oaks (orchestra)
• 1997 – The Promise (piano)
• 1997 – Gattaca
• 1998 – Titch (worked on the main opening/closing piano theme).
• 1998 – Cycle of Disquietude (Coisas, Vozes, Lettras) (soprano, mezzo-soprano, and band)
• 1998 – Orfeu (band)
• 1998 – De Granada A La Luna (band)
• 1999 – The Commissar Vanishes (band)
• 1999 – The End of the Affair
• 2000 – Facing Goya (opera; libretto by Victoria Hardie)
• 2001 – a dance he little thinks of (orchestra)
• 2003 – Violin Concerto (violin and orchestra)
• 2003 – Man and Boy: Dada (opera; libretto by Michael Hastings)
• 2005 – Love Counts (opera; libretto by Michael Hastings)
• 2006 – gdm for Marimba and Orchestra (concerto)
• 2006 – Acts of Beauty' (song cycle)
• 2007 – A Handshake in the Dark (choral piece with orchestra; text by Jamal Jumá [world premiereثمانية March 2007, Barbican, London, performed by the BBC Symphony Chorus and Orchestra, John Storgards conducting])
• 2007 – Interlude in C (expansion of a theme from The Libertine for Accent07 touring ensemble)
• 2007 – Eight Lust Songs song cycle
• 2008 – Yamamoto Perpetuo for Solo Flute (arranged by Andy Findon)
• 2009 – Sparkie: Cage and Beyond opera with Carsten Nicolai
• 2009 – The Musicologist Scores (band)
• 2010 – 2Graves
• 2010 – Vertov Sounds

*originally recorded by Nyman, Ned Sublette, Susan Krongold, Barbara Benary, Jon Gibson, Richard Cohen^[], Virgil Blackwell, Peter Zummo, and Peter Gordon at The Kitchen, and intended for Peter Greenaway's short film, The Tree.

موسيقى نيمان المعاد استخدامها

• Nyman's "The Heart Asks Pleasure First" (from The Piano) is the music on which Italian rock noir band Belladonna's song "Let There Be Light" is based. Released in December 2010, the track features Michael Nyman himself on piano.
• Nyman's "The Heart Asks Pleasure First" (from The Piano) was used as backing music for one of the bank advertisements for Lloyds TSB broadcast on television. It has also been featured in episodes of 20/20.
• Music from Ravenous has been used at least once on WFYI's Across Indiana, in a segment titled "On the Trail of John Hunt Morgan", produced by Scott Andrew Hutchins.
• Nyman's soundtrack for Carrington is mostly based on his own String Quartet No. 3.
• A Cock and Bull Story contains music from The Draughtsman's Contract, as well as Nyman's arrangements of classical music used in Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon (it does not use any music from Nyman's Tristram Shandy opera).
• Nyman's music for Peter Greenaway's films has been used in the Japanese television program Iron Chef.
• Popular "Chasing Sheep is Best Left to Shepherds" (from The Draughtsman's Contract) constituted the main theme of Spanish TV program Queremos Saber, presented by Mercedes Milà in the nineties.
• Nyman features in '9 Songs' (Michael Winterbottom, 2004) playing at the Hackney Empire on his 60th birthday.
• Nyman's MGV: Musique à grande vitesse was used in November 2006 for a new one-act ballet for the Royal Ballet in London, DGV (danse à grande vitesse) by Christopher Wheeldon.
• Nyman's "The Heart Asks Pleasure First" was covered by the Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish. Nyman had refused to release the song initially; the band was later granted permission and the song was released in 29 February 2012 as part of the single The Crow, the Owl and the Dove from their album Imaginaerum.
• Time Lapse was used in Sky's 2008 'Heroes' advert
• Selections from Nyman's catalogue formed part of the soundtrack for James Marsh's 2008 documentary, Man on Wire, a film about Philippe Petit, a Frenchman, who in 1974 illegally strung a tightrope between the top of the WTC buildings and danced between them for 45 minutes, thus committing the "artistic crime of the 20th century".
• Nyman's piece "Car Crash" from A Zed & Two Noughts was used for once on the final episode of a Greek series called 'To Kafe Tis Xaras'

تسجيلات مختارة

ألبومات استديو

• Decay Music (Obscure, 1976)
• Michael Nyman (Piano, 1981)
• The Draughtsman's Contract (Charisma, 1982)
• The Kiss and Other Movements (Editions EG, 1985)
• A Zed & Two Noughts (That's Entertainment, 1985)
• The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (CBS, 1987)
• Drowning by Numbers (Venture, 1988)
• La Traversée de Paris (Criterion, 1989)
• The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover (Venture, 1989)
• String Quartets 1–3 (Argo, 1991)
• Prospero's Books (Decca, 1991)
• The Michael Nyman Songbook (Decca, 1992)
• Time Will Pronounce (Argo, 1993)
• The Piano (Venture, 1993)
• The Piano Concerto/MGV (Argo, 1994)
• Noises, Sounds & Sweet Airs (Argo, 1995)
• After Extra Time (Venture, 1996)
• Concertos (EMI, 1997)
• The Suit and the Photograph (EMI, 1998)
• Facing Goya (Warner, 2002)
• Sangam: Michael Nyman Meets Indian Masters (Warner, 2003)
• Man and Boy: Dada (MN, 2005)
• Acts of Beauty/Exit no Exit (MN, 2006)
• Love Counts (MN, 2007)
• 8 Lust Songs: I Sonetti Lussuriosi (MN, 2008)

مراجع

المصدر

the rough guide to classical music by Joe Staines

روابط خارجية

مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons:خطأ لوا في وحدة:WikidataIB على السطر 496: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|خطأ لوا في وحدة:WikidataIB على السطر 496: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).]].

• Michael Nyman official site
• Michael Nyman's homepage at Chester Music
• Michael Nyman at the Internet Movie Database
• Michael Nyman at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
• The Power of the Cadence: Michael Nyman in conversation with Robert Davidson
• 'The Case Against Nyman Revisited' Recent article on Michael Nyman's use of pre-existing music
• Michael Nyman judged The Film of the Month competition in June 2009 on the independent filmmakers networking site Shooting People
• An Evening with Michael Nyman, BAFTA event video

سماع

• Michael Nyman audio at Internet Archive