دارمشتات
دارمشتات | |||
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Central Darmstadt in January 2005
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 دارمشتات مسقط دارمشتات ضمن Hessen
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| الإحداثيات: Coordinates: | |||
| البلد | ألمانيا | ||
| الولاية | هسه | ||
| المنطقة الإدارية | Darmstadt | ||
| القضاء | Urban district | ||
| الحكم | |||
| • Lord Mayor | Jochen Partsch (Alliance '90/The Greens) | ||
| المساحة | |||
| • الإجمالية | 122٫23 كم² (47٫19 ميل²) | ||
| الارتفاع | 144 m (472 ft) | ||
| التعداد(2015-09-30) | |||
| • الإجمالي | 153٬166 | ||
| • الكثافة | 1٬300/km2 (3٬200/sq mi) | ||
| منطقة التوقيت | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) | ||
| Postal codes | 64283–64297 | ||
| Dialling codes | 06151, 06150 | ||
| تسجيل السيارة | DA | ||
| المسقط الإلكتروني | www.darmstadt.de | ||
دارمشتات (Darmstadt ؛ //, also UK //, الأمريكي //,ألمانية: [ˈdaʁmʃtat] ( listen)) هي مدينة تقع في ولاية هسن الألمانية. بلغ عدد سكانها في نهاية 2016 ما يناهز 157,437 نسمة. The Darmstadt Larger Urban Zone has 430,993 inhabitants.
Darmstadt holds the official title "City of Science" (بالألمانية: Wissenschaftsstadt) as it is a major centre of scientific institutions, universities, and high-technology companies. The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) are located in Darmstadt, as well as GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research, where several chemical elements such as bohrium (1981), meitnerium (1982), hassium (1984), darmstadtium (1994), roentgenium (1994), and copernicium (1996) were discovered. The existence of the following elements were also confirmed at GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research: nihonium (2012), flerovium (2009), moscovium (2012), livermorium (2010), and tennessine (2012). The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is an international accelerator facility under construction. Darmstadt is also the seat of the world's oldest pharmaceutical company, Merck, which is the city's largest employer.
Darmstadt was formerly the capital of a sovereign country, the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor, the People's State of Hesse, a federal state of Germany. As the capital of an increasingly prosperous duchy, the city gained some international prominence and remains one of the wealthiest cities in Europe. In the 20th century, industry (especially chemicals), as well as large science and electronics (later information technology) sectors became increasingly important, and are still a major part of the city's economy. It is also home to the football club SV Darmstadt 98.
التاريخ
العصر الصناعي
بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية
| أكبر الجاليات الأجنبية | |
| الجنسية | التعداد (2015) |
|---|---|
 هجريا
|
4,796 |
 إيطاليا
|
2,123 |
 پولندا
|
1,642 |
 الهند
|
1,258 |
 الصين
|
1,003 |
 المغرب
|
954 |
 إسپانيا
|
771 |
 الپرتغال
|
567 |
المناخ
| بيانات مناخ دارمشتات | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 15 (59) |
17 (63) |
24 (75) |
29 (84) |
31 (88) |
35 (95) |
35 (95) |
38 (100) |
30 (86) |
26 (79) |
18 (64) |
15 (59) |
38 (100) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 5 (41) |
7 (45) |
11 (52) |
15 (59) |
20 (68) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
20 (68) |
14 (57) |
8 (46) |
5 (41) |
15 (59) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | 1.4 (34.5) |
2.1 (35.8) |
5.9 (42.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.3 (66.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
14.5 (58.1) |
10 (50) |
5.3 (41.5) |
2.2 (36) |
10٫1 (50٫2) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -1 (30) |
1 (34) |
3 (37) |
6 (43) |
11 (52) |
13 (55) |
15 (59) |
15 (59) |
11 (52) |
7 (45) |
4 (39) |
1 (34) |
7 (45) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | -14 (7) |
-12 (10) |
-10 (14) |
-4 (25) |
1 (34) |
3 (37) |
6 (43) |
7 (45) |
2 (36) |
-4 (25) |
-8 (18) |
-11 (12) |
-14 (7) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 55 (2.17) |
53 (2.09) |
66 (2.6) |
49 (1.93) |
76 (2.99) |
67 (2.64) |
75 (2.95) |
66 (2.6) |
63 (2.48) |
66 (2.6) |
63 (2.48) |
66 (2.6) |
765 (30٫12) |
| Sunshine hours | 47 | 80 | 120 | 176 | 208 | 214 | 232 | 218 | 158 | 103 | 50 | 37 | 1٬643 |
| Source: Daily mean / Avg. precipitation / Mean sunshine hours (1981 - 2010), DWD | |||||||||||||
أبرز سكانها
- Justus Freiherr von Liebig (1803 – 1873) was born in Darmstadt, a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and was considered the founder of organic chemistry
- Christoph Graupner (1683–1760), composer and Hofkapellmeister (chapel master) at the court of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1711 to 1754
- Friedrich von Flotow (1812–1883), opera composer, died in Darmstadt.
- Georg Büchner (1813–1837), 19th-century dramatist, poet and revolutionist
- Carl Amand Mangold (1813–1889), composer and conductor
- Friedrich August Kekulé (1829–1896), prominent 19th-century organic chemist, and the principal founder of the theory of chemical structure
- Eugen Bracht (1842-1921), German artist
- Karl Wolfskehl (1869-1948), poet, editor and translator
- Alexandra Feodorovna (1872–1918), Russian Empress, born as Alix of Hesse, married Tsar Nicholas II of Russia
- Anton Köllisch (1888–1916), German chemist who first synthesized MDMA (known as "ecstasy")
- Beno Gutenberg (1889–1960), German-American seismologist
- Karl-Otto Koch (1897–1945), commandant of the Nazi concentration camps at Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen
- Josef Ganz (1898–1967), automotive engineer and pioneer, studied at the Technical University of Darmstadt
- Heinrich von Brentano (1904–1964), Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1955 to 1961
- Walter Schmiele (1909–1998), author and translator
- Arno Schmidt (1914–1979), author and translator
- Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928–2007), leading 20th-century electronic composer
- Günter Strack (1929-1999), actor
- Gerda Fromel (1931–1975), Czechoslovakian born to German parents. Moved back after the war and studied at the Darmstadt School of Art. Fromel moved on to be an inspiring artist winning awards in Germany and Ireland for outstanding sculpture
- Maciej Łukaszczyk (1934–2014), Polish pianist at the Staatstheater Darmstadt, founder and president of the Chopin organisation, porter of the Polish and German order
- Dirk and Petra Wunderlich, homeschooling parents who were targets of multiple arrests who fled to the الولايات المتحدة in 2010 to seek political sanctuary for homeschooling rights.
- Markus Rühl (born 1972), professional bodybuilder
- Andrea Petkovic (born 1987), professional tennis player
- محمود الجمال (رأفت الهجان) الجاسوس المصري في إسرائيل، وهومدفون فيها.
العلاقات الدولية
البلدات التوأم / المدن الشقيقة
Darmstadt is twinned with:
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انظر أيضاً
- Technical University of Darmstadt
- Rhein-Main-Area
الهامش
- ^ "Darmstadt". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ "Darmstadt" (US) and نطقب:Cite Oxford Dictionaries
- ^ نطقب:Cite Merriam-Webster
- ^ Hessian Statistical Office. "Area, population and population change" (in German). Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2016.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ European Union, City Audits: "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Wanted: Suitable name for unstable, heavyweight element". The Guardian. 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
- ^ "Discovery of new elements". GSI Darmstadt. 2016. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016.
- ^ City of London richest area in Europe, The Guardian, 30 January 2002
- ^ "Ausländerstruktur 2016" (PDF). Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ^ "Mittelwerte 30-jähriger Perioden, Tabelle A, 1981 - 2010". Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^ "Town Twinnings and international relations". Büro für Städtepartnerschaften und internationale Beziehungen (in German). Retrieved 19 December 2014.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Kardeş Şehirler". Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Basın Koordinasyon Merkez. Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
- ^ "Chesterfield Twinning Links". Chesterfield Borough Council. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
- ^ "Twin Towns – Graz Online – English Version". www.graz.at. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
- ^ Trondheims offisielle nettsted – Vennskapsbyer
وصلات خارجية
-
Official website of the city of Darmstadt (German and parts in English)
- Discover Darmstadt - City Tourist Website (إنگليزية)
- Germany Travel - Darmstadt
- نطقب:Cite EB9
نطقب:Germany districts hesse
