ماستريخت
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Maastricht
Mestreech
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|---|---|---|---|
Municipality | |||
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View of Maastricht city centre with its partly medieval bridge on the Meuse river
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| النشيد: Mestreechs Volksleed | |||
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Location in Limburg
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| الإحداثيات: Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Netherlands | ||
| Province | Limburg | ||
| Settled | ≈ 500 BC | ||
| City rights | 1204 | ||
| الأحياء | 7 Districts
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||
| الحكم | |||
| • الهيئة | Municipal council | ||
| • Mayor | Annemarie Penn-te Strake | ||
| المساحة | |||
| • Municipality | 60٫03 كم² (23٫18 ميل²) | ||
| • البر | 56٫81 كم² (21٫93 ميل²) | ||
| • الماء | 3٫22 كم² (1٫24 ميل²) | ||
| الارتفاع | 49 m (161 ft) | ||
| التعداد(Municipality, أغسطس 2017; Urban and Metro, مايو2014) | |||
| • Municipality | 121٬501 | ||
| • الكثافة | 2٬139/km2 (5٬540/sq mi) | ||
| • الحضر | 121٬906 | ||
| • العمرانية | 182٬721 | ||
| Urban and metro population for Dutch area only, thus excluding Belgian environs | |||
| صفة المواطن | (Dutch) Maastrichtenaar; (Limb.) Mestreechteneer or Sjeng |
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| منطقة التوقيت | CET (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+1) | ||
| • الصيفي | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postcode | 6200–6229 | ||
| Area code | 043 | ||
| المسقط الإلكتروني | maastricht.nl | ||
ماستريخت (Maastricht ؛ هولندية: [maːˈstrɪxt] (
استمع);Limburgish (incl. Maastrichtian): Mestreech نطقب:IPA-dedia; French: Maestricht (archaic); Spanish: Mastrique (archaic)) is a town and a municipality in the southeast of the Netherlands. It is the capital city in the province of Limburg.
تقع ماستريخت على ضفتي نهر موز (بالهولندية: Maas)، عند النقطة التي يلتقي رافده نهر يكر (بالفرنسية: Geer) .
التاريخ
بقايا حمامات رومانية في Onze Lieve Vrouweplein
منظر ماستريخت، coloured engraving by Philippo Bellomonte, 1580/82
ماكيت ماستريخت في 1750
تطورات صناعية مبكرة، 1865
جنود ألمان بالقرب من جسر مدمر.
المناخ
| بيانات مناخ Maastricht | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 15.5 (59.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.2 (72) |
26.7 (80.1) |
30.6 (87.1) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.9 (96.6) |
36.2 (97.2) |
31.3 (88.3) |
26.6 (79.9) |
21.1 (70) |
16.4 (61.5) |
36٫2 (97٫2) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 5.2 (41.4) |
6.1 (43) |
10.1 (50.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
18.3 (64.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.0 (73.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
14.7 (58.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
5.8 (42.4) |
14٫1 (57٫4) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | 2.7 (36.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
14.7 (58.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
3.5 (38.3) |
10٫2 (50٫4) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 0.0 (32) |
0.0 (32) |
2.6 (36.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
11.3 (52.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
13.2 (55.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
7.2 (45) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.9 (33.6) |
6٫3 (43٫3) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | -19.3 (-2.7) |
-14.7 (5.5) |
-12.9 (8.8) |
-4.9 (23.2) |
-0.8 (30.6) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
5.5 (41.9) |
1.6 (34.9) |
-4.2 (24.4) |
-9.0 (15.8) |
-15.4 (4.3) |
-19٫3 |
| هطول mm (inches) | 65.3 (2.571) |
57.4 (2.26) |
61.8 (2.433) |
45.1 (1.776) |
65.9 (2.594) |
70.5 (2.776) |
69.6 (2.74) |
72.3 (2.846) |
61.6 (2.425) |
67.2 (2.646) |
65.3 (2.571) |
70.8 (2.787) |
772٫8 (30٫425) |
| % Humidity | 87 | 84 | 80 | 74 | 73 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 82 | 85 | 89 | 89 | 80٫8 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 12 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 126 |
| Avg. snowy days | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 30 |
| Sunshine hours | 59.9 | 79.3 | 119.3 | 164.0 | 194.9 | 188.9 | 202.8 | 187.3 | 140.0 | 113.6 | 65.9 | 44.9 | 1٬560٫8 |
| Source #1: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1981–2010 normals, snowy days normals for 1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1971–2000 extremes) | |||||||||||||
Demographics
View of Maastricht from the church tower of Saint John's
Total population
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Inhabitants by nationality
| Maastricht residents by nationality - Topعشرة (1 January 2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nationality | 2014 | 2010 | 2000 |
| Netherlands | 107,418 | 109,722 | 116,171 |
| Germany | 3,869 | 1,956 | 783 |
| Belgium | 1,055 | 946 | 909 |
| United Kingdom | 815 | 386 | 280 |
| Italy | 653 | 387 | 280 |
| الولايات المتحدة | 623 | 277 | 162 |
| China | 595 | 248 | 87 |
| Spain | 431 | 232 | 241 |
| Turkey | 404 | 368 | 404 |
| France | 351 | 214 | 120 |
Inhabitants by country of birth
| Maastricht residents by country of birth - Topعشرة (1 January 2013) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country of birth | 2013 | 2010 | 2000 |
| Netherlands | 100,269 | 102,433 | 109,632 |
| Germany | 4,100 | 2,467 | 1,444 |
| Belgium | 1,920 | 1,839 | 1,900 |
| Indonesia | 1,199 | 1,267 | 1,556 |
| Turkey | 919 | 836 | 784 |
| Morocco | 838 | 867 | 859 |
| Former Soviet Union | 842 | 564 | 183 |
| الولايات المتحدة | 753 | 383 | 217 |
| United Kingdom | 677 | 404 | 310 |
| China (excl. Hong Kong and Macau) | 651 | 373 | 215 |
المسافات للمدن الأخرى
These distances are as the crow flies and therefore not represent actual overland distances.
- Liège: 25.5 kم (83,661.4 قدم) south
- Aachen: 31.0 kم (101,706.0 قدم) east
- Düsseldorf: 86.2 kم (282,808.4 قدم) north-east
- Cologne: 89.6 kم (293,963.3 قدم) east
- Brussels: 95.1 kم (312,007.9 قدم) west
- Antwerp: 97.8 kم (320,866.1 قدم) north-west
- Bonn: 99.9 kم (327,755.9 قدم) south-east
- Luxembourg City: 141.4 kم (463,910.8 قدم) south
- Utrecht: 142.4 kم (467,191.6 قدم) north-west
- Rotterdam: 144.5 kم (474,081.4 قدم) north-west
- Amsterdam: 175.1 kم (574,475.1 قدم) north-west
- Lille: 186.3 kم (611,220.5 قدم) west
- Frankfurt am Main: 228.8 kم (750,656.2 قدم) south-east
- Leeuwarden: 261.6 kم (858,267.7 قدم) north
- Paris: 326.6 kم (1,071,522.3 قدم) south-west
- لندن: 411.5 kم (1,350,065.6 قدم) north-west
انظر أيضاً
- Jewish inhabitants of Maastricht
- Maastricht Treaty
- Treaty of Maastricht (1843)
الهامش
-
^ "Mrs. Annemarie Penn-te Strake" (in Dutch). Gemeente Maastricht. Retrieved 12 October 2013. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten" [Key figures for neighbourhoods]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2014.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Postcodetool for 6211DW". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 12 October 2013.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
-
^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Stadsgewesten en stedelijke agglomeraties Nederland 2011" (PDF). Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 2011. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
- ^ Local pronunciation: [maːˈstʁɪx̟t]
- ^ "Klimaattabel Maastricht, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1981–2010" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Klimaattabel Maastricht, langjarige extremen, tijdvak 1971–2000" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ Jansen, J.C.G.M. (1986). "Maastricht tussen 1813 en 1850" (PDF). BMCN. 101 (4): 529–550. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
- ^ Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per jaar". Retrieved 17 December 2012.
- ^ Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". Retrieved 12 April 2013.
- ^ ". Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, nationaliteit en regio, 1 januari. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 2014: page 1. 24 October 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2015.CS1 maint: extra text (link)
- ^ ". Bevolking op 1 januari; leeftijd, geboorteland en regio. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. 201w: page 1. 17 July 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2015.CS1 maint: extra text (link)
وصلات خارجية
| Find more about ماستريخت at Wikipedia's sister projects | |
| Media from Commons | |
| Travel guide from Wikivoyage | |
- Maastricht city portal
- Maastricht municipality website
- Maastricht in Roman times
- Webpage about Maastricht fortifications
- Webpage about the 1673 siege
نطقب:Maastricht نطقب:Limburg Province (Netherlands)
نطقب:Most Ancient European Towns Network
