كينمن
Kinmen County
金門縣
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County | |||
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الإحداثيات: | |||
البلد | جمهورية الصين | ||
المقر | Jincheng | ||
أكبر مدينة | Jincheng | ||
الأحياء | 0 cities,ستة (3 urban, ثلاثة rural) townships | ||
الحكم | |||
• County Magistrate | Chen Fu-hai (مستقل) | ||
• County Deputy Magistrate | Lin De-gong (林德恭) | ||
المساحة | |||
• الإجمالية | 153٫1 كم² (59٫1 ميل²) | ||
ترتيب المساحة | 20 of 22 | ||
التعداد(ديسمبر 2014) | |||
• الإجمالي | 127٬723 | ||
• الترتيب | 20 of 22 | ||
• الكثافة | 830/km2 (2٬200/sq mi) | ||
منطقة التوقيت | National Standard Time (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+8) | ||
المسقط الإلكتروني | www.kinmen.gov.tw' | ||
Symbols | |||
الطائر | Hoopoe | ||
الزهرة | Four-season orchid | ||
الشجرة | شجرة القطن | ||
Kinmen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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صينية تقليدية | 金門 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
صينية مبسطة | 金门 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
هانيوپنين | Jīnmén | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Kinmen County | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الصينية التقليدية | 金門縣 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الصينية المبسطة | 金门县 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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كينمن Kinmen أوكيموي (Quemoy ؛ //؛ انظر أيضاً "Names" section below), officially Kinmen County (الصينية التقليدية: 金門縣; پنين: Jīnmén Xiàn; پخ-اوه-جي: Kim-mûi Kōan)، هي مجموعة من الجزر، تحكمها جمهورية الصين (ROC)، والتي تقع مباشرةً لقاء الساحل الجنوبي الشرقي لـبر الصين الرئيسي، وتضم كينمن الكبرى، كينمن الصغرى، ووچيووالكثير من الجـُزَيرات المحيطة. وهي واحدة من ناحيتين ضمن مقاطعة فوجيان المنسقة في جمهورية الصين. وتقع على بعد 2 كيلومتر شرق مدينة البر الرئيسي شيامن، لذا فمسقطها الاستراتيجي يعكس التغير الهام في العلاقات عبر المضيق من اللقاءة العسكرية إلى تحولها لنقطة تجارة بين الصين وتايوان. وبسبب القضية المستمرة حول الوضع السياسي لتايوان، فإن جمهورية الصين الشعبية (PRC) طالبت بإستمرار بـكينمن كجزء من چوانژوالمدينة بمستوى محافظة في مقاطعة فوجيان بجمهورية الصين الشعبية.
الأسماء
كينمن was given its name (بالصينية: 金門; پنين: Jīnmén; حرفياً "golden gate") in 1387 when the Hongwu Emperor of China's Ming dynasty appointed a military officer to administer the island and protect it from wokou (pirate) attacks. The name is pronounced Jīnmén in the official Standard Chinese but some of the various names used in English for the islands derive from other Chinese varieties.
كيموي Quemoy هواسم الجزيرة بالإنگليزية وبعدد من اللغات الأوروپية وهوكذلك اسم الجزيرة في الرومنة البريدية. It likely began as a Portuguese transcription of the Zhangzhou Hokkien pronunciation of the name, Kim-mûi. This form of the islands' name was used almost exclusively in English until the late 20th century and is still used widely in current English-language contexts that involve historical coverage. For example, current works that deal with the أزمتي مضيق تايوان الأولى والثانية (the Quemoy Incident) when the islands received prominent worldwide news coverage as "Quemoy" still use this form. In addition, the former National Kinmen Institute of Technology was renamed National Quemoy University in 2010. Kinmen scholar Wei Jian-feng advocates the use of "Quemoy" to better connect the island to "international society or achieve more recognition in the world".
Kinmen is a more recent transcription based on the general rules of the postal romanization system. With some exceptions, this form is used in most current English-language contexts on Kinmen and in Taiwan as a whole. Entities such as the county government,the islands' airport, and the national park use this spelling.
Chin-men is the Wade–Giles romanization form of the island's name and appears on some maps using that as their standard.
Jinmen is the Hanyu Pinyin form of the island's name used especially in sources from the People's Republic of China. The Kinmen County Government and ROC central government have adopted Hanyu Pinyin as their standard romanization, such as for names of townships within Kinmen County, but this does not apply to the name of Kinmen itself.
التاريخ
أسرة تانگ
People began settling down في كينمن في عهد أسرة تانگ, changing the original name from Wuzhou to كينمن.
أسرة مينگ
During the أسرة مينگ, more migrants came to settle down in Kinmen. كوشينگا used Kinmen as a base to liberate Kinmen and Penghu from the Dutch. He cut down trees to build his navy, resulting in massive deforestation that made Kinmen vulnerable to soil erosion.
أسرة تشينگ
Prince of Lu, a member of the أسرة مينگ الجنوبية, resisted the invading Manchu قوات أسرة تشينگ. In 1651, he fled to Kinmen, which the Qing dynasty took in 1663. Although Taiwan and Penghu had been ceded to Japan in 1895 via the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Kinmen was not included in the cession.[]
جمهورية الصين
بعد تأسيس جمهورية الصين (ROC) في 1912, Kinmen became part of Fukien Province. Japan did however occupy Kinmen during the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in October 1949, it was later claimed by both the ROC and PRC.
The People's Liberation Army extensively shelled the island during the First and Second Taiwan Strait crises in 1954-1955 and 1958 respectively. In 1954, the United States considered responding by using nuclear weapons against the PRC.
Kinmen was originally a military reserve, which eventually led to the tragedy of 1987 Lieyu massacre. The island was returned to the civilian government in the mid-1990s, after which travel to and from it was allowed. Direct travel between mainland China and Kinmen re-opened in January 2001 under the mini Three Links, and there has been extensive tourism development on the island in anticipation of mainland tourists. Direct travel was suspended in 2003 as a result of the SARS outbreak, but has since resumed.
Many Taiwanese businesspeople use the link through Kinmen to enter the Chinese mainland, seeing it as cheaper and easier than entering through Hong Kong. However, this changed following the 2005 Pan-Blue visits to mainland China and the 2008 presidential and legislative victories of the KMT, that allowed easier Cross-Strait relations. Kinmen has experienced a considerable economic boom as businesspeople relocate to the island for easier access to the vast markets of the PRC.
On 30 June 2014, Dadan Island and Erdan Island were handed over from the military to civilians, represented by Kinmen County Government. Since 1 January 2015, tourists from Mainland China could directly apply the Exit and Entry Permit upon arrival in Kinmen. This privilege also applies to Penghu and Matsu Islands as means to boost tourism in the outlying islands of Taiwan.
الديمغرافيا
التعداد التاريخي | ||
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السنة | تعداد | ±% |
1985 | 48٬846 | — |
1990 | 42٬754 | −12.5% |
1995 | 47٬394 | +10.9% |
2000 | 53٬832 | +13.6% |
2005 | 76٬491 | +42.1% |
2010 | 97٬364 | +27.3% |
2015 | 132٬799 | +36.4% |
Source:"Populations by city and country in Taiwan". Ministry of the Interior Population Census. |
الثقافة
Tourism
معرض
Calligraphy by former President تشيانگ كاي-شك etched on a rock in Kinmen reads, "Forget not what happened in Jǔ" – an allusion to the Warring States period when the دولة چي، cornered into the مدينة جوby the State of Yan, successfully counterattacked and retook its territory. This is intended as an analogy to the situation between the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China. Other slogans alluding to "retaking the mainland" can also be found in Kinmen.
انظر أيضاً
هذه الموضوعة تحتوي على نصوص بالصينية. بدون دعم الإظهار المناسب, فقد ترى علامات استفهام ومربعات أورموز أخرى بدلاً من الحروف الصينية. |
- التقسيمات الادارية في جمهورية الصين
- Township (Taiwan)
- قائمة المدن في تايوان
- العلاقات عبر المضيق
- Boyu Road
الملاحظات
- ^ في 1949، خسرت حكومة الصين بقيادة Kuomintang (KMT) الحرب الأهلية الصينية لصالح الحزب الشيوعي الصيني (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei, which serves as the seat of government to this day. The CPC established the People's Republic. As such, the الوضع السياسي of the ROC and the legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories currently under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. وفي 1971، أعطت الأمم المتحدة China seat to the PRC instead of the ROC: most states recognize the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates استقلال تايوان.
الهامش
- ^ Jian-Feng Wei. "An Examination of Cultural Identity of Residents of Quemoy (Kinmen)". Intercultural Communication Studies. XV:1. 2006. p. 134. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
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^ "Quemoy", Merriam Webster
"Quemoy", Larousse. (بالفرنسية) - ^ Jian-Feng Wei. "'Quemoy' or 'Kinmen'?: A Translation Strategy for Communication". Intercultural Communication Studies. XVIII: 2. 2009. p. 176. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
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^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةdi Genova
- ^ Kinmen County Government official website. Retrieved 20 January 2012. (إنگليزية)
- ^ Kinmen Airport official website. Retrieved 20 January 2012. (إنگليزية)
- ^ Kinmen National Park official website. Retrieved 20 January 2012. (إنگليزية)
- ^ For example, National Geographic Maps.
- ^ For example, "Xiamen-Jinmen trial voyage successful" at the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China official website. Retrieved 20 January 2012. (إنگليزية)
- ^ Shih Hsiu-Chuan (18 Sep 2008). "Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009". Taipei Times. p. 2.
- ^ "History". lonelyplanet.com. Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
- ^ Wakeman, Frederic (1986). The Great Enterprise : The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China. University of California Press. p. 114. ISBN .
- ^ Wong, Edward; Yang, Xiyun (September 16, 2011). "Once a Redoubt Against China, Taiwan's Outpost Evolves". The New York Times.
- ^ 管仁健 《國軍屠殺越南難民的三七事件》你不知道的台灣 2008-03-07
- ^ "Headline_Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council PRC".
- ^ "Jiang hopeful of Chinese landing visas to islands". Taipei Times. 1 Jul 2014. p. 3.
- ^ "Annual ridership on Kinmen-Fujian ferry services tops 1.5 million".
وصلات خارجية
- [[voy:كينمن#خطأ لوا في وحدة:Wikidata على السطر 866: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|كينمن]] travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Kinmen County Government Official Website
- Complete list of the villages in each township
- Maps of Kinmen
- Kinmen Island: China without the Communism?
- Satellite image of Greater Kinmen and Lesser Kinmen by Google Maps
- Michael Szonyi, Cold War Island: Quemoy on the Front Line, Cambridge University Press (August 11, 2008), hardcover, 328 pages, ISBN 0521898137 ISBN 978-0521898133; trade paperback, 328 pages, ISBN 0521726409, ISBN 978-0521726405
نطقب:Taiwan Outlying islands divisions
مناطق النزاع في شرق، جنوب، وجنوب شرق آسيا | |||
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النوع | المنطقة | الادارة الحالية | المطالبات |
أراضي: | أكساي تشين | ||
جبل بائكدو | 22 | ||
Heixiazi / بولشوي اوسورييسكي (الجزء الشرقي)2 | 2 | ||
Indo-Bangladesh enclaves3 | |||
محافظة كاتشين | 2 1 | ||
كشمير3 | 2 | ||
محافظة كايين | 1 | ||
شبه الجزيرة الكورية والجزر القريبة منها3 | |||
بر الصين الرئيسي | 1 | ||
شمال بورنيو(صباح)2 | |||
منغوليا الخارجية2 | |||
جبال پامير3 | 2 | ||
فطاني | 1 | ||
دولة شان | 1 | ||
القرى الستة وأربعين شرق النهر2 | 2 | ||
جنوب التبت (الآن أرونچال پرادش في الهند) | 2 | ||
Tannu Uriankhai (now Tuva Republic of Russia)2 | 2 | ||
Trans-Karakoram Tract | 2 | ||
دولة وا | 1 | ||
جزر ومياه: | جزر دياويوتاي/ جزر سنكاكو | ||
Kinmen | |||
Kori Creek2 | |||
Liancourt Rocks | 2 | ||
Macclesfield Bank | |||
Matsu | |||
Paracel Islands | |||
Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks, and South Ledge | |||
جزر پراتاس | |||
Scarborough Shoal | |||
Socotra Rock | 22 | ||
جزر كوريل الجنوبية | |||
جزر سپراتلي3 | |||
تايوان وPenghu2 | |||
الهوامش: |
1حكومة في المنفى/جماعة منفية. 2Inactive dispute. 3Divided among multiple claimants. |