هذه الموضوعة تحتوي نص مانچو. بدون دعم عرض مناسب، فقد ترى علامات استفهام، مربعات، أورموز أخرى بدلاً من حروف المانچو.

كانگ‌شي الامبراطور (5 مايو1654 – 20 ديسمبر 1722)، الاسم الشخصي Xuanye، كان رابع امبراطور من أسرة تشينگ، وثاني امبراطور من تشينگ يحكم الصين نفسها.

عهد كانگ‌شي الامبراطور، الذي استمر 61 سنة (من 1661 حتى 1722) makes him the longest-reigning emperor in التاريخ الصيني (although his grandson, the Qianlong Emperor, had the longest period of de facto power) and one of the longest-reigning rulers in the world. However, since he ascended the throne at the age of seven, actual power was held for six years by four regents and his grandmother, the Grand Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

The Kangxi Emperor is considered one of China's greatest emperors. وقد أخمد ثورة الإقطاعيين الثلاث، وأجبر Kingdom of Tungning في تايوان وأجبر المتمردين المنغول في الشمال والشمال الغربي على الخضوع لحكم تشينگ، وأوقف روسيا القيصرية على نهر آمور، محتفظاً بـمنغوليا الخارجية وشمال غرب الصين الخارجي.

The Kangxi Emperor's reign brought about long-term stability and relative wealth after years of war and chaos. He initiated the period known as the "Prosperous Era of Kangxi and Qianlong" or "High Qing", which lasted for several generations after his death. كما حقق بلاطه انجازات أدبية مثل جمع قاموس كانگ‌شي.

العائلة

• Father: Fulin, the Shunzhi Emperor (世祖 福臨; 15 مارس 1638 –خمسة فبراير 1661)
  • Grandfather: Hong Taiji, Taizong (太宗 皇太極; 28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643)
  • Grandmother: Empress Xiaozhuangwen, of the Khorchin Borjigit clan (孝莊文皇后 博爾濟吉特氏; 28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), personal name Bumbutai (布木布泰)
• Mother: Empress Xiaokangzhang, of the Tunggiya clan (孝康章皇后 佟佳氏; 1638 – 20 March 1663)
  • Grandfather: Tulai (圖賴; 1606–1658), served as a first rank military official (都統), and held the title of a first class duke (一等公)
  • Grandmother: Lady Gioro

• الزوجات والأنجال:
  • Empress Xiaochengren, of the Hešeri clan (孝誠仁皇后 赫舍里氏; ثلاثة February 1654 –ستة June 1674)
    皇后
    • Chenghu (承祜; أربعة January 1670 – ثلاثة March 1672), second son
    • Yunreng, Prince Limi of the First Rank (理密親王 允礽;ستة June 1674 – 27 January 1725), seventh (second) son
  • Empress Xiaozhaoren, of the Niohuru clan (孝昭仁皇后 鈕祜祿氏; 1653 – 18 March 1678), second cousin
    皇后
  • Empress Xiaoyiren, of the Tunggiya clan (孝懿仁皇后 佟佳氏; d. 24 August 1689), first cousin
    貴妃→皇貴妃→皇后
    • Eighth daughter (13 July 1683 –ستة August 1683)
    • Miscarriage (August 1689)
  • Empress Xiaogongren, of the Uya clan (孝恭仁皇后 烏雅氏; 28 April 1660 – 25 June 1723)
    德嬪→德妃..仁壽皇太后
    • Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor (世宗 胤禛; 13 December 1678 –ثمانية October 1735), 11th (fourth) son
    • Yinzuo (胤祚;خمسة March 1680 – 15 June 1685), 14th (sixth) son
    • Seventh daughter (5 July 1682 – September 1682)
    • Princess Wenxian of the First Rank (固倫溫憲公主;عشرة November 1683 – August/September 1702), ninth daughter
      • Married Shun'anyan (舜安顏; d. 1724) of the Manchu Tunggiya clan in October/November 1700, and had issue (one son)
    • 12th daughter (14 June 1686 – February/March 1697)
    • Yunti, Prince Xunqin of the Second Rank (恂勤郡王 允禵;عشرة February 1688 – 16 February 1755), 23rd (14th) son
  • Imperial Noble Consort Quehui, of the Tunggiya clan (愨惠皇貴妃 佟佳氏; September/October 1668 – 24 April 1743), first cousin
    貴妃..皇貴妃→壽祺皇貴妃
  • Imperial Noble Consort Jingmin, of the Janggiya clan (敬敏皇貴妃 章佳氏; d. 20 August 1699)
    • Yinxiang, Prince Yixian of the First Rank (怡賢親王 胤祥; 16 November 1686 – 18 June 1730), 22nd (13th) son
    • Princess Wenke of the Second Rank (和碩溫恪公主; 31 December 1687 – 27 July 1709), 13th daughter
      • Married Cangjin (蒼津) of the Onnigud Borjigit clan in August/September 1706
    • Princess Dunke of the Second Rank (和碩敦恪公主; ثلاثة February 1691 – 2 January 1710), 15th daughter
      • Married Dorji (多爾濟; d. 1720) of the Khorchin Borjigit clan in January/February 1709, and had issue (one daughter)
  • Imperial Noble Consort Dunyi, of the Gūwalgiya clan (惇怡皇貴妃 瓜爾佳氏; ثلاثة December 1683 – 30 April 1768)
    和嬪→和妃..貴妃→溫惠皇貴妃
    • 18th daughter (17 November 1701 – November 1701)
  • Noble Consort Wenxi, of the Niohuru clan (溫僖貴妃 鈕祜祿氏; d. 19 December 1694), second cousin
    貴妃
    • Yun'e, Duke of the Second Rank (輔國公 允䄉; 28 November 1683 – 18 October 1741), 18th (tenth) son
    • 11th daughter (24 October 1685 – June/July 1686)
  • Consort Hui, of the Khorchin Borjigit clan (慧妃 博爾濟吉特氏; d. 30 May 1670), first cousin twice removed
  • Consort Rong, of the Magiya clan (榮妃 馬佳氏; d. 26 April 1727)
    榮嬪→榮妃
    • Chengrui (承瑞;خمسة November 1667 –عشرة July 1670), first son
    • Saiyinchahun (賽音察渾; 24 January 1672 –ستة March 1674), fourth son
    • Princess Rongxian of the First Rank (固倫榮憲公主; 20 June 1673 – 29 May 1728), third daughter
      • Married Örgen (烏爾袞; d. 1721) of the Barin Borjigit clan in June/July 1691
    • Changhua (長華; 11 May 1674), sixth son
    • Changsheng (長生;عشرة September 1675 – 27 April 1677), eighth son
    • Yunzhi, Prince Chengyin of the Second Rank (誠隱郡王 允祉; 23 March 1677 –عشرة July 1732), tenth (third) son
  • Consort Hui, of the Yehe Nara clan (惠妃 葉赫那拉氏; d. 1 May 1732)
    惠嬪→惠妃
    • Chengqing (承慶; 21 March 1670 – 26 May 1671), third son
    • Yunzhi, Prince of the Fourth Rank (貝子 允禔; 12 March 1672 –سبعة January 1735), fifth (first) son
  • Consort Yi, of the Gorolo clan (宜妃 郭絡羅氏; d. 2 October 1733)
    宜嬪→宜妃
    • Yunqi, Prince Hengwen of the First Rank (恆溫親王 允祺;خمسة January 1680 –عشرة July 1732), 13th (fifth) son
    • Yuntang, Prince of the Fourth Rank (貝子 允禟; 17 October 1683 – 22 September 1726), 17th (ninth) son
    • Yinzi (胤禌;ثمانية June 1685 – 22 August 1696), 20th (11th) son
  • Consort Ping, of the Hešeri clan (平妃 赫舍里氏; d. 18 July 1696)
    • Yinji (胤禨; 23 February 1691 – 30 March 1691), 24th son
  • Consort Liang, of the Wei clan (良妃 衛氏; d. 29 December 1711)
    良嬪→良妃
    • Yunsi, Prince Lian of the First Rank (廉親王 允禩; 29 March 1681 –خمسة October 1726), 16th (eighth) son
  • Consort Cheng, of the Daigiya clan (成妃 戴佳氏; d. 18 December 1740)
    • Yunyou, Prince Chundu of the First Rank (淳度親王 允佑; 19 August 1680 – 18 May 1730), 15th (seventh) son
  • Consort Xuan, of the Khorchin Borjigit clan (宣妃 博爾濟吉特氏; d. 12 September 1736), third cousin
  • Consort Ding, of the Wanlioha clan (定妃 萬琉哈氏; January/February 1661 – 24 May 1757)
    定嬪..定妃
    • Yuntao, Prince Lüyi of the First Rank (履懿親王 允祹; 18 January 1686 – 1 September 1763), 21st (12th) son
  • Consort Shunyimi, of the Wang clan (順懿密妃 王氏; d. 19 November 1744)
    密嬪..密妃→順懿密妃
    • Yunxu, Prince Yuke of the Second Rank (愉恪郡王 允禑; 24 December 1693 –ثمانية March 1731), 25th (15th) son
    • Yunlu, Prince Zhuangke of the First Rank (莊恪親王 允祿; 28 July 1695 – 20 March 1767), 26th (16th) son
    • Yinxie (胤祄; 15 May 1701 – 17 October 1708), 28th (18th) son
  • Consort Chunyuqin, of the Chen clan (純裕勤妃 陳氏; d. 12 January 1754)
    勤嬪..勤妃→純裕勤妃
    • Yunli, Prince Guoyi of the First Rank (果毅親王 允禮; 24 March 1697 – 21 March 1738), 27th (17th) son
  • Concubine An, of the Li clan (安嬪 李氏)
  • Concubine Jing, of the Wanggiya clan (敬嬪 王佳氏)
  • Concubine Duan, of the Dong clan (端嬪 董氏; d. 1702)
    • Second daughter (17 April 1671 – March/April 1673)
  • Concubine Xi, of the Hešeri clan (僖嬪 赫舍里氏; d. 31 October 1702)
  • Concubine Tong, of the Nara clan (通嬪 那拉氏; d. 1 August 1744)
    貴人..通嬪
    • Princess Chunque of the First Rank (固倫純慤公主; 20 March 1685 – 22 April 1710), tenth daughter
      • Married Ts'ering (策棱; d. 1750) of the Khalkha Borjigit clan in June/July 1706, and had issue (one son)
  • Concubine Xiang, of the Gao clan (襄嬪 高氏; d. 14 August 1746)
    秀貴人..襄嬪
    • Yinji (胤禝; 25 October 1702 – 28 March 1704), 29th (19th) son
    • 19th daughter (30 March 1703 – February/March 1705)
    • Yunyi, Prince Jianjing of the Third Rank (簡靖貝勒 允禕; 1 September 1706 – 30 June 1755), 30th (20th) son
  • Concubine Xi, of the Chen clan (熙嬪 陳氏; April/May 1690 – 1 February 1737)
    倩貴人..熙嬪
    • Yunxi, Prince Shenjing of the Second Rank (慎靖郡王 允禧; 27 February 1711 – 26 June 1758), 31st (21st) son
  • Concubine Jin, of the Sehetu clan (謹嬪 色赫圖氏; d. 23 April 1739)
    綺貴人..謹嬪
    • Yunhu, Prince Gongqin of the Third Rank (恭勤貝勒 允祜;عشرة January 1712 – 12 February 1744), 32nd (22nd) son
  • Concubine Jing, of the Shi clan (靜嬪 石氏; 13 December 1689 –عشرة July 1758)
    貴人..靜嬪
    • Yunqi, Prince Cheng of the Third Rank (誠貝勒 允祁; 14 January 1714 – 31 August 1785), 33rd (23rd) son
  • Concubine Mu, of the Chen clan (穆嬪 陳氏; d. 1727)
    貴人
    • Yunbi, Prince Xianke of the First Rank (𫍯恪親王 允秘;خمسة July 1716 – ثلاثة December 1773), 34th (24th) son
  • Noble Lady Bu, of the Joogiya clan (布貴人 兆佳氏; d. 21 February 1717)
    • Princess Duanjing of the Second Rank (和碩端靜公主;تسعة June 1674 – March/April 1710), fifth daughter
      • Married Ga'erzang (噶爾臧; 1675–1722) of the Kharchin Ulanghan (烏梁罕) clan in November/December 1692, and had issue (one daughter)
  • Noble Lady, of the Nara clan (貴人 那拉氏)
    • Wanfu (萬黼; أربعة December 1675 – 11 March 1679), ninth son
    • Yinzan (胤禶;عشرة April 1679 – 30 April 1680), 12th son
  • Noble Lady, of the Gorolo clan (貴人 郭絡羅氏)
    • Princess Kejing of the First Rank (固倫恪靖公主; أربعة July 1679 – March/April 1735), sixth daughter
      • Married Dondob Dorji (敦多布多爾濟; d. 1743) of the Khalkha Borjigit clan in December 1697 or January 1698
    • Yinju (胤䄔; 13 September 1683 – 17 July 1684), 19th son
  • Noble Lady, of the Yuan clan (貴人 袁氏; d. 25 September 1719)
    常在
    • Princess Quejing of the Second Rank (和碩愨靖公主; 16 January 1690 – 1736), 14th daughter
      • Married Sun Chengyun (孫承運; d. 1719) in 1706
  • Noble Lady, of the Chen clan (貴人 陳氏)
    • Yinyuan (胤禐; 2 March 1718), 35th son
  • Mistress, of the Zhang clan (張氏)
    • First daughter (23 December 1668 – November 1671)
    • Fourth daughter (16 March 1674 – January/February 1679)
  • Mistress, of the Wang clan (王氏)
    • 16th daughter (27 November 1695 – October/November 1707)
  • Mistress, of the Liu clan (劉氏)
    • 17th daughter (12 January 1699 – December 1700 or January 1701)
  • Mistress, of the Niohuru clan (鈕祜祿氏)
    • 20th daughter (20 November 1708 – January/February 1709)

السلف

في الثقافة الشعبية

الروايات

• Kangxi Dadi (康熙大帝; The Great Kangxi Emperor), a historical novel by Er Yuehe which romanticises the Kangxi Emperor's life.
• The Deer and the Cauldron (鹿鼎記), a wuxia novel by Louis Cha. In the story, by coincidence, the Kangxi Emperor and the protagonist, Wei Xiaobao, become close friends in their childhood. Wei helps the emperor consolidate his rule over the Qing Empire and plays an important role in affecting how significant historical events during the Kangxi era unfold.
• Qijian Xia Tianshan (七劍下天山; Seven Swords Descend from Mount Heaven), a wuxia novel by Liang Yusheng. In the story, the Kangxi Emperor discovers that his father, the Shunzhi Emperor, has become a monk in a monastery on Mount Wutai. He orders a close aide to kill his father in order to consolidate power, and attempts to erase evidence of the murder later.

الأفلام والتلفزيون

ألعاب فيديو

• Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties: The Kangxi Emperor is featured as the Chinese leader in this real-time strategy game.

انظر أيضاً

• Chinese emperors family tree (late)
• Kangxi Tongbao

ملاحظات

الهامش

ببليوگرافيا واستزادة

• Cordier, Henri; Pelliot, Paul, eds. (1922). . XX1. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
• Dennerline, Jerry (2002), "The Shun-chih Reign", in Peterson, Willard J., Cambridge History of China, Vol. 9, Part 1: The Ch'ing Dynasty to 1800, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 73–119, ISBN 0-521-24334-3 .
• Finer, S. E. (1997). The History of Government from the Earliest Times. ISBN 0-19-822904-6 (three-volume set, hardback)
• Bennet Peterson, Barbara (2000). Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century. M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
• Giles, Herbert (1912), China and the Manchus, Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2156 
• Gorelova, Liliya M., ed. (2002). . Volume Seven Manchu Grammar. Brill Academic Pub. ISBN . Retrieved 6 May 2014.
• Oxnam, Robert B. (1975), Ruling from Horseback: Manchu Politics in the Oboi Regency, 1661–1669, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-64244-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=O-ERAAAACAAJ .
• Rawski, Evelyn S. (1998), The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-22837-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=5iN5J9G76h0C .
• Rowe, William T. (2009). . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN .
• Spence, Jonathan D. (2002), "The K'ang-hsi Reign", in Peterson, Willard J., Cambridge History of China, Vol. 9, Part 1: The Ch'ing Dynasty to 1800, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. 120–82, ISBN 0-521-24334-3 .
• Kangxi and Jonathan D. Spence (1975). . New York: Vintage Books. ISBN .
• Ch. 3, "Kangxi's Consolidation," in Jonathan D. Spence, The Search for Modern China (New York: Norton; 3rd, 2013), pp. 48–71.
• Zhao, Gang (January 2006). "Reinventing China Imperial Qing Ideology and the Rise of Modern Chinese National Identity in the Early Twentieth Century". Modern China. Sage Publications. 32 (1): 3–30. doi:10.1177/0097700405282349. JSTOR 20062627.

وصلات خارجية

• Media related to Kangxi Emperor at Wikimedia Commons

نطقب:Years of the Kangxi Emperor