حرب مالي
| حرب مالي | ||||||||
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| جزء من التمرد في المغرب العربي (2002-الحاضر) | ||||||||
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خريطة تبين أقصى اتساع للأراضي تحت سيطرة المتمردين في يناير 2013، قبل حتى تستعيدها القوات المالية والفرنسية. | ||||||||
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| الخصوم | ||||||||
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حكومة مالي
full list
تدعمها: full list
مقاتلون ليسودولاً: Ganda Iso FLNA MSA (from 2016) GATIA (from 2014) |
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تنظيم القاعدة
المجاهدون النيجيريون
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| القادة والزعماء | ||||||||
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ابراهيم أبوبكر كيتا (منذ سبتمبر 2013) full list
محمد لمين ولد سيدات (NLFA) حسين خولام (NLFA) |
بلال آگ الشريف محمود آگ أغالي موسى آگ أشرتومان محمد آگ نجم الگباس آگ إنتالا (MIA) |
إياد آگ غالي مختار بلمختار عبد الحميد أبوزيد † عبد الملك دروكدل أحمد التيلمسي † عمر ولد حماحا † |
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| القوات | ||||||||
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6,000– 545 (EUTM) full list
~500 (FLNA) |
3,000 |
1,200–3,000
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| الخسائر | ||||||||
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181+ قتيل، 85 قتيل، 197+ جريح، 12 أسير(يناير 2013) 2 قتلى، وعدة جرحى |
6–65 قتيل 26–123 قتيل 60 أسير |
115 قتيل 625 قتيل (التدخل الفرنسي) |
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المهجـَّرون: ~144,000 لاجئ إلى الخارج ~230,000 نازح داخلي الإجمالي: ≈374,000 | ||||||||
حرب مالي أونزاع شمال مالي، الحرب الأهلية المالية تشير إلى النزاعات المسلحة التي بدأت من يناير 2012 بين المناطق الشمالية والجنوبية من مالي في أفريقيا. في 16 يناير 2012، بدأت مجموعة من الجماعات المتمردة شن حملة ضد الحكومة المالية من أجل استقلال أوالحصول على مقدار أكبر من الحكم الذاتي في شمال مالي، المنطقة المعرةف باسم أزواد. الحركة الوطنية لتحرير أزواد، منظمة تقاتل لجعل أزواد وطناً مستقلاً للطوارق، سيطرت على المنطقة بحلول أبريل 2012.
في 22 مارس 2012، خُلع الرئيس حامادوتوماني توري في انقلاب على تعامله مع الأزمة، قبل شهر من عقد الانتخابات الرئاسية. جنود متمردون، يطلقون على أنفسهم اللجنة الوطنية لاستعادة الديمقراطية والدولة، تولى السيطرة على البلاد، وقاموا بتعليق الدستور. نتيجة لعدم الاستقرار الذي تلى الانقلاب، المدن الثلاثة الكبرى في شمال مالي-كيدال، گاو، وتمبكتو-سقطت تحت سيطرة المتمردين على مدار ثلاثة أيام متوالية. فيخمسة أبريل 2012، بعد سقوط دونتزا، نطق المتمردون أنهم وصلوا لأهدافهم وأنهم ألغوا هجومهم. في اليوم التالي أعرب استقلال من مالي أزواد.
The MNLA were initially backed by the Islamist group Ansar Dine. After the Malian military was driven from northern Mali, Ansar Dine and a number of smaller Islamist groups began imposing strict Sharia law. The MNLA and Islamists struggled to reconcile their conflicting visions for an intended new state. Afterwards, the MNLA began fighting against Ansar Dine and other Islamist groups, including Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MOJWA/MUJAO), a splinter group of Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. By 17 July 2012, the MNLA had lost control of most of northern Mali's cities to the Islamists.
The government of Mali asked for foreign military help to re-take the north. On 11 January 2013, the French military began operations against the Islamists. Forces from other African Union states were deployed shortly after. Byثمانية February, the Islamist-held territory had been re-taken by the Malian military, with help from the international coalition. Tuareg separatists have continued to fight the Islamists as well, although the MNLA has also been accused of carrying out attacks against the Malian military.
A peace deal between the government and Tuareg rebels was signed on 18 June 2013, however on 26 September 2013 the rebels pulled out of the peace agreement and claimed that the government had not respected its commitments to the truce. Fighting is still ongoing even though French forces are scheduled for withdrawal. A ceasefire agreement was signed on 19 February 2015 in Algiers, Algeria, but sporadic terrorist attacks still occur.
Despite the signing of a peace accord in the capital on 15 April 2015, low-level fighting continues.
خلفية
تمرد الطوارق (يناير–أبريل 2012)
الانقلاب
الهجوم المتواصل
النزاع الإسلامي-الوطني (يونيو–نوفمبر 2012)
معركة گاووما بعدها
A Tuareg technical in northern Mali
مقاتلون إسلاميون في شمال مالي.
الاستيلاء على دونتزا وميناكا
مقاتلون إسلاميون في شمال مالي.
التدخل الأجنبي (يناير 2013)
Pro-government militia members training in Sevare
Pro-government militia members training in Sevare
اعادة التنظيم مع الحكومة المالية
معركة كونا والتدخل الفرنسي
القوات الفرنسية تصل باماكو.
French Mirage 2000 refuels over Africa on 2 February 2013.
أزمة رهائن عين إميناس
التقدم إلى شمال مالي
فترة حرب العصابات
جنود فرنسيون في گاو، مارس أوأبريل 2013.
قوات حفظ السلام التابعة للأمم المتحدة
الانسحاب التشادي
اتفاقية السلام
يناير 2014
فبراير 2014
الخسائر
2012
2013
2014
قضايا حقوق الإنسان
مزاعم ضد الانفصاليين والإسلاميين
مزاعم ضد الإسلاميين
متمردون من أنصار الدين
مزاعم ضد الجيش المالي والمواليين للحكومة
الثقافة الشعبية
وقف إطلاق النار
المصادر
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Ansar Dine ordered the Tuareg MNLA group to leave the historical city of Timbuktu ... backed by al-Qaeda's north African branch
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^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةhttps://globalnews.ca/news/5096319/canadian-peacekeepers-mali-french-counter-terrorism-troops/ - ^ Liberian legislature approves troop commitment to Mali Voice of America, 25 January 2013
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- ^ it:European Union Training Mission
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةdetials - ^ Sofia Bouderbala (2 April 2012). "Al-Qaeda unlikely to profit from Mali rebellion: experts". The Daily Star. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
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- ^ 2 killed (17–19 January),[1] 160 قتيل (24–25 يناير)،[2] 19 قتيل (16 فبراير)، [3] إجمالي 181 قتيل مزعوم
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-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةfrenchstrikes -
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةcapturetroops - ^ Mali's new president thanks Chad for support against Islamists[]
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- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةbreaks - ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةsomeunarmed - ^ Tran, Mark (17 January 2013). "Mali refugees flee across borders as fighting blocks humanitarian aid". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
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قراءات إضافية
- Alexis Arieff, "Crisis in Mali," Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, January 14, 2013
وصلات خارجية
 |
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Northern Mali conflict (2012- ). |
- Orphans of the Sahara, a three-part documentary series about the Tuareg people of the Sahara desert.
- Operation ‘Serval’: A Strategic Analysis of the French Intervention in Mali, 2013–2014 (Sergei Boeke & Bart Schuurman, Journal of Strategic Studies 2015)
