نايكي

Nike, Inc.
	Nike's Swoosh logo
	Nike World Headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon
النوع	Public
رمز التداول	NYSE: NKE (Class B); DJIA component; S&P 100 component; S&P 500 component;
الصناعة	Apparel; Accessories; Sports equipment;
تأسست	25 يناير 1964; منذ 56 سنة
المقر الرئيسي	Beaverton, Oregon, U.S.
نطاق الخدمة	Worldwide
أشخاص رئيسيون	Phil Knight; (Chairman Emeritus); Mark Parker; (Executive Chairman); John Donahoe; (President and CEO);
المنتجات	Athletic footwear & apparel; Athletic & recreational products; Sports equipment;
الدخل	▲ US$ 36.39 billion (2018)
ربح العمليات	US$ 4.44 billion (2018)
الدخل الصافي	US$ 1.93 billion (2018)
إجمالي الأصول	US$ 22.53 billion (2018)
إجمالي الأنصبة	US$ 9.81 billion (2018)
الموظفون	73,100 (2018)
المسقط الإلكتروني	nike.com
	Footnotes / references;

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Nike Factory Store in Wisconsin

نايكي (Nike) هي شركة أمريكية كبيرة لإنتاج الملابس والأحذية والأدوات الرياضية. الشركة تأخذ إسمها من آلهة النصر الإغريقية Nike. It is the world's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment, with revenue in excess of US$24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 (ending May 31, 2012). As of 2012, it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide. In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $19 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses. As of 2017, the Nike brand is valued at $29.6 billion. Nike ranked No. 89 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.

The company was founded on January 25, 1964, as Blue Ribbon Sports, by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, and officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1971. The company takes its name from Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. Nike markets its products under its own brand, as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan, Nike Blazers, Air Force 1, Nike Dunk, Air Max, Foamposite, Nike Skateboarding, Nike CR7, and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan, Hurley International and Converse. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey (later renamed Nike Bauer) from 1995 to 2008, and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro. In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of "Just Do It" and the Swoosh logo.

Origins and history

Old logo of Nike, Inc., still used on some retro products with red boxes

A Nike Factory Store in Vaughan Mills

A Nike Store in Harajuku, Tokyo, Japan

Nike Kicks Lounge in Harbour City, Hong Kong

Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS), was founded by University of Oregon track athlete Phil Knight and his coach, Bill Bowerman, on January 25, 1964. The company initially operated in Eugene, Oregon as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger, making most sales at track meets out of Knight's automobile.

According to Otis Davis, a University of Oregon student athlete coached by Bowerman and Olympic gold medalist at the 1960 Summer Olympics, his coach made the first pair of Nike shoes for him, contradicting a claim that they were made for Phil Knight. According to Davis, "I told Tom Brokaw that I was the first. I don't care what all the billionaires say. Bill Bowerman made the first pair of shoes for me. People don't believe me. In fact, I didn't like the way they felt on my feet. There was no support and they were too tight. But I saw Bowerman made them from the waffle iron, and they were mine".

In its first year in business, BRS sold 1,300 pairs of Japanese running shoes grossing $8,000.^[] By 1965, sales had reached $20,000. In 1966, BRS opened its first retail store at 3107 Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica, California. In 1967, due to increasing sales, BRS expanded retail and distribution operations on the East Coast, in Wellesley, Massachusetts.

By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger came to an end. BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear, which was rebranded as Nike, and would bear the Swoosh newly designed by Carolyn Davidson. The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18, 1971, and was registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on January 22, 1974.^[]

In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, as its first advertising agency. The following year, the agency created the first "brand ad" for Nike, called "There is no finish line", in which no Nike product was shown. By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U.S. athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year.

Wieden+Kennedy, Nike's primary ad agency, has worked with Nike to create many print and television advertisements, and Wieden+Kennedy remains Nike's primary ad agency.^[] It was agency co-founder Dan Wieden who coined the now-famous slogan "Just Do It" for a 1988 Nike ad campaign, which was chosen by Advertising Age as one of the top five ad slogans of the 20th century and enshrined in the Smithsonian Institution.Walt Stack was featured in Nike's first "Just Do It" advertisement, which debuted on July 1, 1988. Wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to "Let's do it", the last words spoken by Gary Gilmore before he was executed.

Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product line to encompass many sports and regions throughout the world. In 1990, Nike moved into its eight-building World Headquarters campus in Beaverton, Oregon. The first Nike retail store, dubbed Niketown, opened in downtown Portland in November of that year.

Phil Knight announced in mid-2015 that he would step down as chairman of Nike in 2016. He officially stepped down from all duties with the company on June 30, 2016.

In a company public announcement on March 15, 2018, Nike CEO Mark Parker said Trevor Edwards, a top Nike executive who was seen as a potential successor to the chief executive, was relinquishing his position as Nike's brand president and would retire in August.

In October 2019, John Donahoe was announced as the next CEO, and succeeded Parker on January 13, 2020. In November 2019, the company stopped selling directly through Amazon, focusing more on direct relationships with customers.

Year	Revenue in mil. USD	Net income in mil. USD	Total assets in mil. USD	Price per share in USD	Employees
2005	13,740	1,212	8,794	8.75
2006	14,955	1,392	9,870	9.01
2007	16,326	1,492	10,688	12.14
2008	18,627	1,883	12,443	13.05
2009	19,176	1,487	13,250	12.14
2010	19,014	1,907	14,419	16.80
2011	20,117	2,133	14,998	19.82
2012	23,331	2,211	15,465	23.39
2013	25,313	2,472	17,545	30.50	48,000
2014	27,799	2,693	18,594	38.56	56,500
2015	30,601	3,273	21,597	53.18	62,600
2016	32,376	3,760	21,379	54.80	70,700
2017	34,350	4,240	23,259	54.99	74,400
2018	36,397	1,933	22,536	72.63	73,100

شعار نايكي

تعتبر علامة "نايكي" الرياضية، من أغلى العلامات التجارية في العالم.

Notes

References

^ "US SEC: Form 10-K Nike, Inc" (PDF). United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
^ Sage, Alexandria (June 26, 2008). "Nike profit up but shares tumble on U.S. concerns". Reuters. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
^ Ozanian, Mike (July 10, 2014). "The Forbes Fab 40: The World's Most Valuable Sports Brands 2014". Forbes. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
^ null. "Nike - pg.16". Forbes. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
^ "Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List". Fortune (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved November 10, 2018.
^ Levinson, Philip. "How Nike almost ended up with a very different name". Business Insider. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
^ "Nike CR7". Nike, Inc.
^ "Nike sells Bauer Hockey for $200 Million". The Sports Network. February 21, 2008. Archived from the original on February 25, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
^ O'Reilly, Lara. "11 Things Hardly Anyone Knows About Nike". Business Insider. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
^ O' Reilly, Lara (November 4, 2014). "11 Things Hardly Anyone Knows About Nike." BusinessInsider.com. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
^ Hague, Jim (May 14, 2006). "Truant officer was Olympic hero Emerson High has gold medalist in midst". The Hudson Reporter. Archived from the original on May 4, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
^ "Nike Company History".
^ "Logos that became legends: Icons from the world of advertising". The Independent. London. January 4, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2010.
^ Meyer, Jack (August 14, 2019). "History of Nike: Timeline and Facts". TheStreet. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
^ "Registration Number 72414177". TSDR. U.S. Patent & Trademark Office. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
^ "Nike Inc". adage.com (in الإنجليزية). September 15, 2003. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
^ "Nike Inc | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
^ Bella, Timothy (September 4, 2018). Just Do It': The surprising and morbid origin story of Nike's slogan". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
^ "Ad Age Advertising Century: Topعشرة Slogans". adage.com (in الإنجليزية). March 29, 1999. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
^ "Nike's 'Just Do It' slogan celebrates 20 years". OregonLive.com. July 18, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
^ Peters, Jeremy W. (August 19, 2009). "The Birth of 'Just Do It' and Other Magic Words". The New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
^ "History of Nike". www.newitts.com. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
^ Brettman, Allan (February 2, 2013). "As Nike looks to expand, it already has a 22-building empire". The Oregonian. Retrieved February 6, 2013. The first phase of the Nike World Headquarters campus opened in 1990 and included eight buildings. Now, there are 22 buildings.
^ Brettman, Allan (October 27, 2011). "NikeTown Portland to close forever [at its original location] on Friday". The Oregonian. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
^ Wightman-Stone, Danielle (July 1, 2015). "Nike chairman Phil Knight to step down in 2016". FashionUnited. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
^ Bain, Marc (June 30, 2015). "How Phil Knight turned the Nike brand into a global powerhouse". Quartz. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
^ Vinton, Kate (June 30, 2016). "Nike Cofounder And Chairman Phil Knight Officially Retires From The Board". FashionUnited. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
^ Hsu, Tiffany (March 15, 2018). "Nike Executive Resigns; C.E.O. Addresses Workplace Behavior Complaints". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
^ Turner, Nick (October 22, 2019). "Nike Taps EBay Veteran John Donahoe to Succeed Parker as CEO". Bloomberg LP. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
^ Hanbury, Mary (November 13, 2019). "Nike confirms that it is no longer selling its products on Amazon". Business Insider. Retrieved January 26, 2020.