آبائيات
Patristics or patrology is the study of the early Christian writers who are designated Church Fathers. The names derive from the combined forms of Latin pater and Greek patḗr (father). The period is generally considered to run from the end of New Testament times or end of the Apostolic Age (ح. AD 100) to either AD 451 (the date of the Council of Chalcedon) or to the Second Council of Nicaea in 787.
الأشخاص الرئيسيون
Among those whose writings form the basis for patristics, (i.e., prominent early Church Fathers), are:
- Ignatius of Antioch (ح. 35)
- Pope Clement I (ح. القرن الأول)
- Polycarp of Smyrna (ح. 69)
- Justin Martyr (ح. 100)
- Irenaeus of Lyons (ح. 120)
- Clement of Alexandria (ح. 150)
- Tertullian (ح. 160)
- Origen (ح. 185)
- Cyprian of Carthage (d. 258)
- Athanasius (ح. 296)
- Basil of Caesarea (ح. 330 – 379)
- Gregory of Nazianzus (329 – 389)
- Gregory of Nyssa (ح. 330)
- Jerome (347 – 430)
- أغسطين من هيپو(354 – 430)
- Vincent of Lérins (ت. bef. 450)
- Cyril of Alexandria (ت. 444)
- Maximus the Confessor (580 – 662)
- Isaac of Nineveh (ت. 700)
- John of Damascus (ت. 749)
الأماكن
The major locations of the early Church fathers were Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and the area of western north Africa around Carthage. Milan and Jerusalem were also sites.
فهم الآباء لقاء الآبائيات
Some scholars, chiefly in Germany, distinguish patrologia from patristica. Josef Fessler, for instance, defines patrologia as the science which provides all that is necessary for the using of the works of the Fathers, dealing, therefore, with their authority, the criteria for judging their genuineness, the difficulties to be met within them, and the rules for their use. But Fessler's own Institutiones Patrologiae has a larger range, as have similar works entitled Patrologies, for example, that of Otto Bardenhewer (tr. Shahan, Freiburg, 1908). Catholic writer Karl Keating argues that patrology is the study of the Early Fathers and their contemporaries as people, and the authenticity of the works attributed to them. Patristics, on the other hand, is the study of their thought.
On the other hand, Fessler describes patristica as that theological science by which all that concerns faith, morals, or discipline in the writings of the Fathers is collected and sorted. The lives and works of the Fathers are also described by a non-specialized science: literary history. These distinctions are not much observed, nor do they seem very necessary; they are nothing else than aspects of patristic study as it forms part of fundamental theology, of positive theology, and of literary history.
تواجد النصوص الآبائية
Most patristic texts are available in their original languages in Jacques Paul Migne's two great patrologies, Patrologia Latina and Patrologia Graeca. For Syriac and other Eastern languages the Patrologia Orientalis (Patrologia Syriaca earlier) is less complete and can be largely supplemented by the Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium. Noted collections containing re-edited patristic texts (also discoveries and new attributions) are the Corpus Christianorum, Sources Chrétiennes, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, and on a lesser scale Oxford Early Christian Texts, Fontes Christiani, and Études Augustiniennes.
English translations of patristic texts are readily available in a variety of collections. For example:
- The Ante-Nicene Fathers: The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D.325 (Edinburgh: T&T Clark).
- A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church (Edinburgh: T&T Clark).
- (New York City Press).
- (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press).
- (New York: Paulist Press).
- The Early Church Fathers (London; New York: Routledge-Taylor & Francis Group).
- (Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press).
A range of journals cover patristic studies:
- Augustinian Studies
- Church History (journal)
- The Journal of Ecclesiastical History
- Journal of Early Christian Studies
- Studia patristica
- Vigiliae Christianae
انظر أيضاً
- Armenian studies
- Coptology
- Early Christianity
- Ecumenical Councils
- Ethiopian Studies
- Historiography of early Christianity
- Nag Hammadi library
- Papyrology
- Popular Patristics Series
- Syriac studies
-
Women in the patristic age
- List of Christian women of the patristic age
المراجع
- ^ McGrath, Alister E. (1998). "Chapter 1 The Patristic Period, c. 100–451". . Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN .
- ^ McGrath. op.cit. pp. 20–22.
- ^ Keating, Karl (1988). . San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 330. ISBN .
المصادر والوصلات الخارجية
- "Patrology". Catholic Encyclopedia. 1911.
- Gérard Vallée (1999). . New York: Paulist Press.
- تسجيلات صوتية
- "Patristics for Busy Pastors by Dr J Ligon Duncan".
- "Church History 1: Dr Gerald Bray".
- . Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America.
- Online collections
- "Early Church Fathers: Ante-Nicene and Post-Nicene". Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
- "Large collection of patristic texts that outline the cardinal doctrines of the Catholic faith". cin.org.
- J. P. Migne. "Patrologia Latina". and "Patrologia Graeca". free digital edition of almost all the texts.
- compiled by J. P. Migne". Faulkner University Patristics Project. English translations of patristic texts and high-resolution scans.
- J. P. Migne (1864). (in اللاتينية).
- "Free digital bilingual edition of patristic texts, studies, meditations, prayers" (in الفرنسية, اللاتينية, and اليونانية).
- "A 38 volume set containing most of the major works of the first 800 years of Christian patristic writings".
- "Ecole Initiative". Online collection of patristic texts, images, and information.
- غيرهم
- "Search tool for Patrologia Graeca".
- "Orthodox Patristics – The Study of Early Orthodox Christian Writers". orthodoxpatriustics.com.
- "Website of the North American Patristics Society".
- "Website of the International Association of Patristics Studies".
