قاورد
قاورد قرة أوفدان بك بن شغرى بك حاكم سلاجقة كرمان التي قامت دولته بين ١٠٤٢م - ١١٨٧م ( ٤٣٣هـ - ٥٨٣هـ). كان أميراً في سلطنة السلاجقة. وحين توفي أخوه، قاد تمرداً فاشلاً على أقاربه في محاولة لاعتلاء العرش السلجوقي.
وقد حكم مده ٣٢ وتوفي سنه ٤٦٥ هـ (١٠٧٢م) بعد محاولته الانقلاب على ابن اخيه ملكشاه الذي قتله بالسم بإيعاز من وزيره نظام الملك.
خلفية
The Seljuq dynasty was a Turkish Sunni Muslim dynasty that established both the Seljuq Empire and Sultanate of Rum, which at their total height stretched from Anatolia through Persia. Qavurt was the son of Çağrı Bey, who was the grandson of Seljuk, the founder of the dynasty. Qavurt's brother Alp Arslan succeeded his uncle Tuğrul as the new sultan and Qavurt then the governor of Kirman (south Persia) waited for his turn.
وصية ألپ أوفدان
Alp Arslan died in 1072. But before death he willed his throne to Malik Shah I, his second son. He also expressed his concern about possible throne struggles. The main contestants for the throne were his eldest son Ayaz and his brother Qavurt. As a compromise, he willed generous grants to Ayaz and Qavurt. He also willed Qavurt to marry his widow.
تمرد قاورد
Malik Shah was only 17 or 18 years of age when he ascended to throne. Although Ayaz presented no problem, he faced with the serious problem of Qavurt's rebellion. His vizier Nizam al-Mulk was even more worried for he had become the de facto ruler of the empire during young Malik Shah's reign. Although Qavurt had only a small army, Turkmen officiers in Malik Shah's army tended to support Qavurt. So Malik Shah and Nizam al-Mulk added non Turkic regiments to Seljuk army. Artukids also supported Malik Shah. The clash was at a location known as Kerç kapı (or Kerec ) close to Hamedan on 16 May 1073. Malik Shah was able to defeat Qavurt's forces. Although Qavurt escaped, he was soon arrested. Initially Malik Shah was tolerant to his uncle. But Nizam al-Mulk convinced the young sultan to execute Qavurt. Nizam al-Mulk also executed two of Qavurt's four sons. Later he eliminated most of the Turkic commanders of the army whom he suspected to be Qavurt's partisans.
الأعقاب
Qavurt's defeat was a blow to Turkic character of the empire. But Qavurt's other sons managed to rule in Kirman as vassals of Malik Shah and their small state lived even longer than that of the Great Seljuk Empire.
المراجع
- ^ Family tree of Seljuks[]
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Expo 70 ed. Vol 14, p. 699
- ^ Sina Akşin-Ümit Hassan: Türkiye Tarihi 1 Vatan Kitap, 2009, ISBN 975-406-563-2, p.180
- ^ Bosworth, Clifford E., The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University Press, New York, 1996, pgs. 186-187
