قائمة رؤوس دول المكسيك

رئيس دولة المكسيك هوالشخص الذي يسيطر على السلطة التطبيقية في البلاد. بموجب الدستور الحالي ، تقع هذه المسؤولية على عاتق رئيس الولايات المكسيكية المتحدة ، الذي يرأس السلطة التطبيقية العليا للاتحاد المكسيكي. طوال تاريخها كان للمكسيك عدة أشكال من الحكومة. بموجب الدساتير الفيدرالية ، كان لقب الرئيس هونفسه الحالي. تحت سبعة قوانين ( مركزية) ، تم تسمية الرئيس التطبيقي باسم رئيس الجمهورية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، كانت هناك فترتان من القاعدة الملكية ، تم خلالها السيطرة علي السلطة التطبيقية من قبل إمبراطور المكسيك.

الإمبراطورية المكسيكية الأولى (1821-1823)

ريجنسي الأول

بعد نهاية حرب الاستقلال المكسيكية ، تم إنشاء مجلس حكم مؤقت يتألف من أربعة وثلاثين شخصًا. قرر المجلس وسقط على إعلان استقلال الإمبراطورية المكسيكية وعين وصاية مكونة من ستة أشخاص.

	Took office	Left office	Notes
Agustín de Iturbide	September 28, 1821	April 11, 1822
Juan O'Donojú	September 28, 1821	October 8, 1821	Died in office.
Antonio Pérez Martínez	October 8, 1821	April 11, 1822
Manuel de la Barcéna	September 28, 1821	April 11, 1822
José Isidro Yañez	September 28, 1821	April 11, 1822
Manuel Velázquez de León	September 28, 1821	April 11, 1822

ريجنسي الثاني

	Took office	Left office
Agustín de Iturbide	April 11, 1822	May 18, 1822
José Isidro Yañez	April 11, 1822	May 18, 1822
Miguel Valentín	April 11, 1822	May 18, 1822
Manuel de Heras	April 11, 1822	May 18, 1822
Nicolás Bravo	April 11, 1822	May 18, 1822

أگوستين الأول

Emperor		Coat of Arms	Reign Start	Reign Ended	Royal House	Consort
	Agustín I (1783–1824)		May 19, 1822	March 19, 1823	Iturbide		Ana María (1786–1861)

الحكومة المؤقتة (1823–1824)

كانت [[حكومة المكسيك المؤقتة (1823–184] | الحكومة المؤقتة لـ 1823-1824]] منظمة عملت التطبيقية في حكومة المكسيك بعد النهاية الإمبراطورية المكسيكية من Agustín I ، عام 1823. كانت المنظمة مسؤولة عن عقد الهيئة التي أنشأت الجمهورية الفيدرالية وتواجدت من 1 أبريل 1823 إلىعشرة أكتوبر 1824.

	Took office	Left office	Notes
Nicolás Bravo	March 31, 1823	October 10, 1824
گوادالوپه ڤيكتوريا	March 31, 1823	October 10, 1824
Pedro Celestino Negrete	March 31, 1823	October 10, 1824
Mariano Michelena	April 1, 1823	October 10, 1824	Substitute Member
Miguel Domínguez	April 1, 1823	October 10, 1824	Substitute Member
Vicente Guerrero	April 1, 1823	October 10, 1824	Substitute Member

الجمهورية الفيدرالية الأولى (1824-1835)

No.	President	Took office	Left office	Political Party	Vice President	Notes
1	گوادالوپه ڤيكتوريا (1786–1843)	October 10, 1824	March 31, 1829	Independent	Nicolás Bravo	First constitutionally elected President of Mexico, and the only President who completed his full term in almost 30 years of independent Mexico.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 2	Vicente Guerrero (1782–1831)	April 1, 1829	December 17, 1829	Liberal Party	Anastasio Bustamante	He was appointed by Congress after the "resignation" of president-elect Manuel Gómez Pedraza.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 3	José María Bocanegra (1787–1862)	December 17, 1829	December 23, 1829	Popular York Rite Party (part of the Liberal Party)		He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Guerrero left office to fight the rebellion of his Vice President.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Pedro Vélez (1787–1848)	December 23, 1829	December 31, 1829	Liberal Party		As president of the Supreme Court, he was appointed by the Council of Government as head of the executive triumvirate along with Lucas Alamán and Luis Quintanar.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 4	Anastasio Bustamante (1780–1853)	January 1, 1830	August 13, 1832	Conservative Party		As Vice President he assumed the presidency after the coup against Guerrero.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 5	Melchor Múzquiz (1790–1844)	August 14, 1832	December 24, 1832	Popular York Rite Party (part of the Liberal Party)		He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Bustamante left office to fight the rebellion of Santa Anna.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 6	Manuel Gómez Pedraza (1789–1851)	December 24, 1832	March 31, 1833	Federalist York Rite Party (part of the Liberal Party)		He assumed the presidency to conclude the term he would have begun in 1829, had he not "resigned" prior to inauguration, as the winner of the elections of 1828.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 7	Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858)	April 1, 1833	May 16, 1833	Liberal Party		As Vice President he assumed the presidency in place of Santa Anna, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 8	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	May 16, 1833	June 3, 1833	Liberal Party	Valentín Gómez Farías	He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally elected president. He alternated in the presidency with Vice President Gómez Farías four more times until April 24, 1834.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858)	June 3, 1833	June 18, 1833	Liberal Party
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	June 18, 1833	July 5, 1833	Liberal Party	Valentín Gómez Farías
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858)	July 5, 1833	October 27, 1833	Liberal Party
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	October 27, 1833	December 15, 1833	Liberal Party	Valentín Gómez Farías
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858)	December 16, 1833	April 24, 1834	Liberal Party		He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church. Santa Anna took office again and he went into exile.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	April 24, 1834	January 27, 1835	Liberal Party		He cancelled the liberal reforms. On January 27, the Sixth Constituent Congress dismissed Gomez Farias as Vice President.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 9	Miguel Barragán (1789–1836)	January 28, 1835	February 27, 1836	Liberal Party		He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Santa Anna left office to fight the Rebellion of Zacatecas. On October 23, Congress enacted the Constitutional Basis, which voided the Constitution of 1824 and the federal system. He served both as the last president of the First Federal Republic and the first of the Centralist Republic.

الجمهورية المركزية (1835–1846)

No.	President	Took office	Left office	Political Party	Notes
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 9	Miguel Barragán (1789–1836)	January 28, 1835	February 27, 1836	Liberal Party	He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 10	José Justo Corro (1794–1864)	February 27, 1836	April 19, 1837	Conservative Party	He was appointed Interim President by Congress to conclude the presidential term. During his term, he enacted the Seven Laws and Spain recognized the Independence of Mexico.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Anastasio Bustamante (1780–1853)	April 19, 1837	March 18, 1839	Conservative Party	He took office as constitutional elected president. He was elected in the elections of 1837 for an eight years term.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	March 18, 1839	July 10, 1839		He was appointed interim president by the Supreme Conservative Power when Bustamante left office to fight federalist rebellions.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 11	Nicolás Bravo (1786–1854)	July 11, 1839	July 19, 1839	Conservative Party	He was appointed substitute president when Santa Anna left office.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Anastasio Bustamante (1780–1853)	July 19, 1839	September 22, 1841	Conservative Party	He reassumed the presidency.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 12	Francisco Javier Echeverría (1797–1852)	September 22, 1841	October 10, 1841	Conservative Party	He was appointed interim president when Bustamante left office to fight a rebellion headed by Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga, Santa Anna, and Gabriel Valencia. He resigned after the triumph of the rebellion.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	October 10, 1841	October 26, 1842		He was appointed provisional president by a Junta de Representantes de los Departamentos (Board of Representatives of the Departments).
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Nicolás Bravo (1786–1854)	October 26, 1842	March 4, 1843	Conservative Party	He was appointed substitute president by Santa Anna when he left office.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	March 4, 1843	October 4, 1843		He reassumed the presidency as provisional president.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 13	Valentín Canalizo (1794–1850)	October 4, 1843	June 4, 1844	Conservative Party	He was appointed interim president by Santa Anna when he left office.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	June 4, 1844	September 12, 1844		He reassumed the presidency after being elected constitutional president by Congress on January 2, 1844.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 14	José Joaquín de Herrera (1792–1854)	September 12, 1844	September 21, 1844	Liberal Party	He was appointed substitute president by Congress to replace the interim president Valentin Canalizo.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Valentín Canalizo (1794–1850)	September 21, 1844	December 6, 1844	Conservative Party	He assumed the presidency as interim president.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	José Joaquín de Herrera (1792–1854)	December 6, 1844	December 30, 1845	Liberal Party	He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate after Canalizo was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress.
rowspan="2" style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 15	Mariano Paredes (1797–1849)	December 31, 1845	July 28, 1846	Conservative Party	He assumed office via a coup against De Herrera. On June 12, he was appointed interim president.
Vice President Nicolás Bravo	Mariano Paredes (1797–1849)	December 31, 1845	July 28, 1846	Conservative Party
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Nicolás Bravo (1786–1854)	July 28, 1846	August 4, 1846	Conservative Party	He took office when Paredes left the presidency to fight the Americans in the Mexican–American War. He was deposed by a federalist rebellion led by Jose Mariano Salas and Valentin Gomez Farias.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 16	José Mariano Salas (1797–1867)	August 5, 1846	December 23, 1846	Conservative Party	He assumed office as provisional president after the triumph of the federalist rebellion (Plan de la Ciudadela). He put in force the Constitution of 1824 on August 22. He served both as last president of the Centralist Republic and first of the Second Federal Republic.

الجمهورية الفيدرالية الثانية (1846-1863)

No.		Took office	Left office	Political Party	Notes
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 16	José Mariano Salas (1797–1867)	August 6, 1846	December 23, 1846	Conservative Party	After he restored the federalism, he called elections. Santa Anna won the election and was appointed interim president by Congress and Valentin Gomez Farias as vice president.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Valentín Gómez Farías (1781–1858)	December 23, 1846	March 21, 1847	Liberal Party	As vice president, he took office in place of Santa Anna, who was fighting the Americans in the Mexican–American War.
rowspan="2" style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	March 21, 1847	April 2, 1847	Liberal Party	He took office as elected interim president.
Vice President Valentín Gómez Farías	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	March 21, 1847	April 2, 1847	Liberal Party
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 17	Pedro María de Anaya (1795–1854)	April 2, 1847	May 20, 1847	Liberal Party	Santa Anna left office to fight in the Mexican–American War. Congress abolished the vice presidency and he was appointed as substitute president.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	May 20, 1847	September 15, 1847	Liberal Party	He reassumed the presidency when De Anaya left office to fight in the Mexican–American War.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 18	Manuel de la Peña y Peña (1789–1850)	September 16, 1847	November 13, 1847	Liberal Party	As president of the Supreme Court, he assumed the presidency after Santa Anna's resignation.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Pedro María de Anaya (1795–1854)	November 13, 1847	January 8, 1848	Liberal Party	He was appointed interim president by Congress when De la Peña y Peña left office in order to negotiate peace with the United States.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Manuel de la Peña y Peña (1789–1850)	January 8, 1848	June 3, 1848	Liberal Party	He reassumed office as provisional president when De Anaya resigned after refusing to give any land to the United States.During his term, he signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	José Joaquín de Herrera (1792–1854)	June 3, 1848	January 15, 1851	Liberal Party	He was the second president to finish his term and peacefully turned over the presidency to the winner of the Federal Elections of 1850, General Mariano Arista.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 19	Mariano Arista (1802–1855)	January 15, 1851	January 5, 1853	Liberal Party	He resigned on January 5, 1853 when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio, the goal of which was to bring to Santa Anna once again to the presidency.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 20	Juan Bautista Ceballos (1811–1859)	January 5, 1853	February 7, 1853	Liberal Party	As president of the Supreme Court, he was proposed by President Arista as his successor and confirmed the same day as interim president by Congress.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 21	Manuel María Lombardini (1802–1853)	February 8, 1853	April 20, 1853	Conservative Party	He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Ceballos resigned because of the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	أنطونيولوپيز دى سانتا آنا (1794–1876)	April 20, 1853	August 9, 1855	Liberal Party	He swore as President but ruled as dictator. He called himself "Su Alteza Serenisima" (Serene Highness). From this period, the only lasting thing is the Mexican National Anthem.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 22	Martín Carrera (1806–1871)	August 9, 1855	September 12, 1855	Conservative Party	He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayutla but he took office until August 15.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 23	Rómulo Díaz de la Vega (1800–1877)	September 12, 1855	October 4, 1855	Conservative Party	He served as de facto president after Carrera's resignation.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 24	Juan Álvarez (1790–1867)	October 4, 1855	December 11, 1855	Liberal Party	He was appointed interim president by a council integrated with one representative of each state after the triumph of the Revolution of Ayutla.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 25	إگناسيوكومون‌فورت (1812–1863)	December 11, 1855	December 17, 1857	Liberal Party	He was appointed interim president by Juan Alvarez when he resigned. He assumed as constitutional president on December 1, 1857.

الرؤساء المعترف بهم من قبل الليبراليين خلال حرب الإصلاح

No.	President		Took office	Left office	Political Party	Notes
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 26		بنيتوخواريز (1806–1872)	December 18, 1857	July 18, 1872	Liberal Party	As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the self-coup of Ignacio Comonfort against the Constitution of 1857. He was arrested and freed by Comonfort. He established a liberal constitutional government on January 18, 1858. The struggle between the Liberal and Conservative forces is known as Reform War.

الرؤساء المعترف بهم من قبل المحافظين خلال حرب الإصلاح

No.		Took office	Left office	Political Party	Notes
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 25	إگناسيوكومون‌فورت (1812–1863)	December 17, 1857	January 21, 1858	Liberal Party	After the declaration of Plan of Tacubaya, Congress declared that he was not longer president but he was recognized by conservatives as president with absolute powers.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 27	Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898)	January 11, 1858	December 24, 1858	Conservative Party	After disown Comonfort, Zuloaga was appointed president by the Conservative Party.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 28	Manuel Robles Pezuela (1817–1862)	December 24, 1858	January 23, 1859	Conservative Party	He assumed the conservative presidency with the support of the Plan de Navidad.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898)	January 24, 1859	February 1, 1859	Conservative Party	He was restored to the presidency by counter-rebellion led by Miguel Miramón.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 29	Miguel Miramón (1831–1867)	February 2, 1859	August 13, 1860	Conservative Party	He assumed the conservative presidency as substitute when Zuloaga left office.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 30	José Ignacio Pavón (1791–1866)	August 13, 1860	August 15, 1860	Conservative Party	As president of the Supreme Court of the conservative government, he took office for two days when Miramón left office.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Miguel Miramón (1831–1867)	August 15, 1860	December 24, 1860	Conservative Party	He took office as interim president of the conservative government after he was elected by a group of "Representatives of the States" who supported the conservatives. He was defeated at the Battle of Calpulalpan, resigned the presidency and fled the country.
style="background:نطقب:Conservative Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898)	May 23, 1861	December 28, 1862	Conservative Party	Despite having been defeated, the conservatives appointed Zuloaga as president until December 28, when they recognized the Regency who was seeking to reestablish the Mexican Empire.

الإمبراطورية المكسيكية الثانية (1863–1867)

ريجنسي

في 22 يونيو1863 ، تم إنشاء "مجلس الحكم الأعلى". في 11 يوليو، أصبح المجلس ريجنسي الإمبراطورية.

	Took office	Left office	Political Party
Juan Nepomuceno Almonte	July 11, 1863	April 10, 1864	Conservative Party
José Mariano Salas	July 11, 1863	April 10, 1864	Conservative Party
Pelagio Antonio de Labastida	October 19, 1863	April 10, 1864	Conservative Party

ماكسيميليان الأول

Emperor		Coat of Arms	Reign Start	Reign Ended	Royal House	Consort
	Maximilian I (1832–1867)		April 10, 1864	June 19, 1867	آل هابسبورگ		Carlota of Mexico (1840–1927)

الجمهورية المستعادة (1867–1876)

No.		Took office	Left office	Political Party	Notes
rowspan="5" style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 26	بنيتوخواريز (1806–1872)	December 18, 1857	June 11, 1861	Liberal Party	The first term he was interim president during the Reform War. The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress after the elections of 1861. His constitutional period began on December 1. The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion. The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic.
June 11, 1861		November 30, 1865
December 1, 1865		November 30, 1867
December 1, 1867		November 30, 1871
December 1, 1871		July 18, 1872
rowspan="2" style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 31	Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada (1823–1889)	July 18, 1872	November 30, 1872	Liberal Party	As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the death of Juarez. He was the winner or the extraordinary election of 1872 and became constitutional president. He was overthrown by the Revolution of Tuxtepec and left office ten days before the end of his constitutional term.
December 1, 1872	Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada (1823–1889)	November 20, 1876		Liberal Party
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 32	José María Iglesias (1823–1891)	October 26, 1876	November 28, 1876	Liberal Party	As president of the Supreme Court, he voided, on grounds of fraud, the reelection of Lerdo de Tejada after Congress had declared this reelection valid, and then declared himself interim president. When Lerdo de Tejada went to exile on November 20, he became constitutional interim president.

بورفيرياتو(1876–1911)

No.		Took office	Left office	Political Party	Notes
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 33	پورفيريودياز (1830–1915)	November 28, 1876	December 6, 1876	Liberal Party	He became provisional president when Iglesias went to exile.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 34	Juan Nepomuceno Méndez (1824–1894)	December 6, 1876	February 17, 1877	Liberal Party	He was appointed substitute president by Díaz when he left office to fight the supporters of Lerdo de Tejada.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \|	پورفيريودياز (1830–1915)	February 17, 1877	November 30, 1880	Liberal Party	He reassumed the presidency. On May 2, he was appointed constitutional president by Congress.
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 35	Manuel González Flores (1833–1893)	December 1, 1880	November 30, 1884	Liberal Party	He was the winner of the federal elections of 1880.
rowspan="7" style="background:نطقب:National Porfirist Party/meta/color;" \|	پورفيريودياز (1830–1915)	December 1, 1884	November 30, 1888	National Porfirist Party National Reelectionist Party	He was the winner of the federal elections of 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910. He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution.
December 1, 1888		November 30, 1892
December 1, 1892		November 30, 1896
December 1, 1896		November 30, 1900
December 1, 1900		November 30, 1904
December 1, 1904		November 30, 1910	Vice President Ramón Corral (since 1904)
December 1, 1910		May 25, 1911	Vice President Ramón Corral (since 1904)

ثورة (1911-1928)

Parties

Anti-Reelectionist Party→Progressive Constitutionalist Party
Independent

No.		Took office	Left office	Notes
36	Francisco León de la Barra (1863–1939)	May 25, 1911	November 5, 1911	According to the "Treaties of Ciudad Juárez", he assumed office as interim president. Immediately called for elections.
rowspan="2" style="background:نطقب:Progressive Constitutionalist Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 37	فرانشسكوماديرو (1873–1913)	November 6, 1911	February 19, 1913	He was the winner of the special election of 1911. He was overthrown by a coup known as the Ten Tragic Days in which Victoriano Huerta, Félix Díaz and the American ambassador Henry L. Wilson were involved. He was murdered two days later along with the vice president Pino Suárez.
Vice President José María Pino Suárez	فرانشسكوماديرو (1873–1913)	November 6, 1911	February 19, 1913
38	Pedro Lascuráin (1856–1952)	February 19, 1913		As Secretary of Foreign Affairs, he assumed office as interim president according to the constitution. In about 45 minutes, he appointed Victoriano Huerta as Secretary of Interior and then resigned the Presidency.
39	ڤيكتوريانوهوِرتا (1850–1916)	February 19, 1913	July 15, 1914	He assumed office via a coup against فرانشسكوماديرو. He was defeated by the constitutionalist army led by Governor of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza.
40	Francisco S. Carvajal (1870–1932)	July 15, 1914	August 13, 1914	He assumed office as Interim President after the resignation of Huerta. He resigned after the signing of the Treaties of Teoloyucan.

الرؤساء المعترف بهم في اتفاقية أگواسكالينتس

No.		Took office	Left office	Political Party
41	Eulalio Gutiérrez (1881–1939)	November 6, 1914	January 16, 1915	He was appointed provisional president.
42	Roque González Garza (1885–1962)	January 16, 1915	June 10, 1915	He was appointed provisional president after Gutierrez left Mexico City.
43	Francisco Lagos Cházaro (1878–1932)	June 10, 1915	October 10, 1915	He assumed office as provisional president when González Garza resigned.

استعادة الديمقراطية

Parties

Liberal Constitutionalist Party
Laborist Party

No.		Took office	Left office	Notes
rowspan="4" style="background:نطقب:Liberal Constitutionalist Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 44	Venustiano Carranza (1859–1920)	Head of the Executive Power First Chief of the Constitutional Army		He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal. He convoked a Constituent Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. He won the federal elections of 1917 and took office as Constitutional President on May 1, 1917. He was killed during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta.
August 13, 1914		April 30, 1917
President of Mexico
May 1, 1917		May 21, 1920
style="background:نطقب:Liberal Constitutionalist Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 45		Adolfo de la Huerta (1881–1955)	June 1, 1920	November 30, 1920	He was appointed provisional president by Congress.
style="background:نطقب:Mexican Laborist Party/meta/color;" \| 46	ألڤاروأوبريگون (1880–1928)	December 1, 1920	November 30, 1924	He was the winner of the federal elections of 1920.
style="background:نطقب:Mexican Laborist Party/meta/color;" \| 47	Plutarco Elías Calles (1877–1945)	December 1, 1924	November 30, 1928	He was the winner of the federal elections of 1924.

ماكسيماتو(1928-1934)

Party

National Revolutionary Party

No.		Took office	Left office	Notes
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 48	Emilio Portes Gil (1890–1978)	December 1, 1928	February 4, 1930	After the assassination of president-elect Alvaro Obregón, he was appointed interim president by Congress.
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 49	Pascual Ortiz Rubio (1877–1963)	February 5, 1930	September 4, 1932	He was the winner of the federal elections of 1929. He resigned due to the intervention of Calles in his government.
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 50	Abelardo L. Rodríguez (1889–1967)	September 4, 1932	November 30, 1934	He was appointed substitute president by Congress to conclude the 1928–1934 term.

المكسيك الحديثة (1934 – الآن)

After the constitutional reform of 1926, the presidential term in Mexico was extended to six years starting in 1928; with a formal ban on reelection. After the federal election of 1934 all the presidents have completed their six-year terms.

Parties

  National Revolutionary Party→Party of the Mexican Revolution→Institutional Revolutionary Party
  National Action Party
  National Regeneration Movement

No.		Took office	Left office	Elections
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 51	Lázaro Cárdenas (1895–1970)	December 1, 1934	November 30, 1940	1934
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 52	Manuel Ávila Camacho (1896–1955)	December 1, 1940	November 30, 1946	1940
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 53	Miguel Alemán Valdés (1900–1983)	December 1, 1946	November 30, 1952	1946
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 54	Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (1889–1973)	December 1, 1952	November 30, 1958	1952
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 55	Adolfo López Mateos (1910–1969)	December 1, 1958	November 30, 1964	1958
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 56	Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1911–1979)	December 1, 1964	November 30, 1970	1964
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 57	Luis Echeverría (born 1922)	December 1, 1970	November 30, 1976	1970
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 58	José López Portillo y Pacheco (1920–2004)	December 1, 1976	November 30, 1982	1976 (uncontested)
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 59	Miguel de la Madrid (1934–2012)	December 1, 1982	November 30, 1988	1982
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 60	Carlos Salinas de Gortari (born 1948)	December 1, 1988	November 30, 1994	1988
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 61	Ernesto Zedillo (born 1951)	December 1, 1994	November 30, 2000	1994
style="background:نطقب:National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 62	Vicente Fox (born 1942)	December 1, 2000	November 30, 2006	2000
style="background:نطقب:National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color;" \| 63	Felipe Calderón (born 1962)	December 1, 2006	November 30, 2012	2006
style="background:نطقب:Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color;" \| 64	Enrique Peña Nieto (born 1966)	December 1, 2012	November 30, 2018	2012
style="background:نطقب:National Regeneration Movement/meta/color;" \| 65	Andrés Manuel López Obrador (born 1953)	December 1, 2018	Incumbent	2018

الرؤساء السابقون الأحياء

As of يونيو2020, there are six living former Presidents of Mexico. The most recent death of a former President was that of Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988), on April 1, 2012.

Luis Echeverría
(1970–1976)
(1922-01-17) يناير 17, 1922 (age 98)
Carlos Salinas de Gortari
(1988–1994)
(1948-04-03) أبريل 3, 1948 (age 72)
Ernesto Zedillo
(1994–2000)
(1951-12-27) ديسمبر 27, 1951 (age 68)
Vicente Fox
(2000–2006)
(1942-07-02) يوليو2, 1942 (age 77)
Felipe Calderón
(2006–2012)
(1962-08-18) أغسطس 18, 1962 (age 57)
Enrique Peña Nieto
(2012–2018)
(1966-07-20) يوليو20, 1966 (age 53)

الرؤساء الذين ماتوا في المنصب

President	Term of office	Date of death	Notes
بنيتوخواريز	1859–1864 1867–1872	July 18, 1872 (age 66)	He is the only President of Mexico who died peacefully while in office.
ڤنوستيانوكارّانزا	1914–1920	May 21, 1920 (age 60)	He is the only President of Mexico to be assassinated in office.

الجدول الزمني

أنظرأيضاً

President of Mexico
First Lady of Mexico
Politics of Mexico
History of Mexico
- Aztec Empire
  - Tenochtitlan
    - List of Tenochtitlan rulers
- New Spain
  - List of viceroys of New Spain
List of Presidents of Mexico by longevity

المصادر

^ "The Political Constitution of the United Mexican States" (PDF). Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas (UNAM). p. 78. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 18, 2015. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
^ "El viajero en México: Ó sea la capital de la República, encerrada en un libro". Open Library. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
^ INEHRM Secretaría de Gobernación Archived 2014-03-25 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "El Viajero en México (Pág. 30)" (PDF). CDigital. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
^ "Decreto. Nombramiento de los individuos que han de componer el poder ejecutivo" (in spanish). 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 8, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Decreto. Nombramiento de suplentes para el supremo poder ejecutivo" (in spanish). 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 8, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Vicente Guerrero, 1782-1831" (in spanish). Gobierno Federal. Archived from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "How the First President of the United Mexican States came into office" (PDF). 500 años de México en documentos. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 3, 2011. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
^ (in Spanish). pp. 74–75. Retrieved October 12, 2010.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Vicente Guerrero". Federal Government Of Mexico. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
^ "Acuerdo de la Cámara de Diputados. Elección de presidente interino de la República en el Excmo. Sr. D. José María Bocanegra" (in Spanish). Retrieved July 8, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "José María Bocanegra asume interinamente la presidencia de la República, por licencia de Vicente Guerrero" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Acuerdo del consejo de gobierno. Nombramiento de asociados al Excmo. Sr. Presidente de la Suprema Corte de Justicia, para ejercer el supremo poder ejecutivo" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Anastasio Bustamante, vicepresidente con Vicente Guerrero, asume la Presidencia de la República" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Melchor Múzquiz sustituye como presidente interino a Anastasio Bustamante" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Melchor Múzquiz" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Anastasio Bustamante" (in Spanish). Secretaria de Educación Publica en el Distrito Federal. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Manuel Gómez Pedraza" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Manuel Gómez Pedraza asume la presidencia de la República mediante los convenios de Zavaleta" (in Spanish). Memoria Politica de Mexico. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "El Sr. D. Valentín Gómez Farías, al jurar como Vicepresidente" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Santa Anna asume por primera vez la presidencia de México" (in Spanish). Imagen Política de México y del Mundo. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Valentín Gómez Farías" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Antonio López de Santa Anna" (in Spanish). Federal Government of Mexico. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Antonio López de Santa Anna asume por primera vez la presidencia de México" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "La adicción al poder. Reelección o No Reelección" (in Spanish). Internet para el profesional de la política. p. 2. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Santa Anna asume el poder; Valentín Gómez Farías va al exilio" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Relación Cronológica de las Legislaturas de la Cámara de Diputados" (PDF) (in Spanish). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Asume la presidencia de la República interinamente el general Miguel Barragán en sustitución de Santa Anna" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ Riva Palacio, Vicente (1940). (in spanish). Editorial Cumbre. Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ De La Fuente Guerrero, Sara C. (2003). Las Constituciones de México (in Spanish). México: Servigraf.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Bases constitucionales expedidas por el Congreso Constituyente" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "José Justo Corro asume el cargo de presidente interino por la enfermedad del general Miguel Barragán" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Decreto que expide las Leyes Constitucionales de la República Mexicana". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
^ "Tratado definitivo de paz y amistad entre México y España" (PDF). 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
^ "La primera República Federal 1824–1835" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 8. Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Anastasio Bustamante". Federal Government of Mexico. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
^ "López de Santa Anna y Pérez Lebrón, Antonio" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Nicolás Bravo 1786–1854" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Nicolás Bravo" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Anastasio Bustamante". Government of the State of Aguascalientes. Retrieved August 10, 2011. ^[]
^ "Anastasio Bustamante". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Francisco Javier Echeverría asume la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Francisco Javier Echeverría". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Decreto de la Junta de Representantes. Se declara Presidente de la República, a D. Antonio López de Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Junta de Representantes o Consejo de los Departamentos". Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas (UNAM). Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Efemérides / Santa Anna". Secretaria de Educación Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Decreto del gobierno. Sobre que volverá a ejercer el poder ejecutivo, luego que llegue a la capital, el general Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Decreto del gobierno. Se deposita el gobierno provisional de la República en el general D. Valentín Canalizo". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Valentín Canalizo asume la presidencia de la República como sustituto de Santa Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Ley. Se declara presidente constitucional de la República, á D. Antonio López de Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Efemérides / Santa Anna". Secretaria de Educación Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Valentín Canalizo es nombrado presidente interino de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Canalizo, Valentín". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Herrera asume la Presidencia tras un levantamiento popular". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on December 6, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Decreto del senado. Se declara presidente interino de la República, á D. José Joaquín de Herrera". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Mariano Paredes". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Decreto del congreso extraordinario. Se declarará presidente interino á D. Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Nicolás Bravo asume la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Se concede permiso al presidente de la República, para mandar en persona las fuerzas de tierra". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Manifiesto de Mariano Salas y Valentín Gómez Farías". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "El General Mariano Salas toma posesión de la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Republica Federal" (PDF). El Viajero en México. p. 5. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Se declara vigente la Constitución de 1824". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Se declara presidente interino de la República, á D. Antonio Lopez de Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Se declara que D. Valentín Gómez Farías queda en posesion de su encargo de vicepresidente de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "21 DE MARZO DE 1847". Biblioteca Digital. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
^ "Efemerides/Pedro María Anaya". Secretaria de Educacion Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
^ "Desemejanzas entre el lider politico y el jefe militar" (PDF). Senate of Mexico. p. 2. Retrieved September 3, 2011. ^[]
^ "Se concede licencia al actual presidente para mandar el ejército, y se suprime la vicepresidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
^ "Pedro María de Anaya". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
^ "Tropas mexicanas al mando de Pedro María Anaya y Manuel Rincón luchan contra las fuerzas al mando de Scott en Churubusco". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
^ "El Presidente de la República, a sus compatriotas". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
^ "Manuel de la Peña y Peña". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
^ "El general Pedro María Anaya asume la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
^ "Herrera, José Joaquín de". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
^ "Tras reñidas elecciones, el general Mariano Arista asume pacíficamente la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
^ "Juan Bautista Ceballos asume el poder ejecutivo tras la renuncia del presidente Mariano Arista". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
^ "Lombardini asume la Presidencia". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
^ "Santa Anna". Secretaria de Educacion Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
^ "López de Santa Anna y Pérez Lebrón Antonio". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
^ "Símbolos patrios de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Archived from the original on October 20, 2007. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
^ "Al triunfo del Plan de Ayutla, Santa Anna sale de México". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
^ "Martín Carrera". Secretaria de Educacion Publica del Distrito Federal. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
^ "Martín Carrera". Gobierno Federal de Mexico. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ "El general Rómulo Díaz de la Vega asume de facto la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ "Juan Álvarez". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ "1855 Decreto del gobierno. Se nombra presidente de la República al general D. Juan Alvarez". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ "Ignacio Comonfort". Gobierno Federal de México. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ "Ignacio Comonfort asume la Presidencia". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
^ "Juárez García Benito Pablo". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
^ "Es proclamado el Plan de Tacubaya, con el que los conservadores pretenden derogar la Constitución de 1857". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
^ "El Congreso declara que dejó de ser Presidente de la República don Ignacio Comonfort desde el 17 de diciembre de 1857". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
^ "Tras desconocer a Comonfort, Félix María Zuloaga es nombrado presidente por el partido conservador". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "Asume la presidencia del gobierno conservador el general Manuel Robles Pezuela". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "Plan de Navidad". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "FÉLIX MARÍA ZULOAGA (1813–1898)". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "Zuloaga nombra presidente sustituto de la República a Miguel Miramón". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "José Ignacio Pavón, presidente de la Suprema Corte, se encarga durante dos días del poder ejecutivo del gobierno conservador". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "Toma posesión como presidente interino de la República, Miguel Miramón. Juárez sigue siendo el presidente legal". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "Felix Maria Zuloaga". Chihuahua, México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "Se establece la regencia del Imperio mexicano". 500 años de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "Acta de la primera reunión de la Junta Superior de Gobierno". 500 años de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "Lerdo de Tejada Sebastián". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on January 10, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
^ "El Congreso declara la reelección de Lerdo de Tejada y José Ma. Iglesias se da a la rebeldía". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
^ "Porfirio Díaz asume el poder por primera vez". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
^ "El general Juan N. Méndez ocupa la presidencia en tanto Porfirio Díaz termina con los últimos reductos de las fuerzas de Iglesias y de Lerdo de Tejada". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 11, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
^ "Porfirio Díaz es nombrado presidente constitucional de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
^ "El general Manuel González toma posesión como presidente constitucional". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
^ "Díaz Mori Porfirio". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
^ "León de la Barra Francisco". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
^ "Anti-Reelectionist-Progressive Constitutional" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-04. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
^ "Francisco I. Madero asume el cargo de la Presidente de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on January 13, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
^ "Se consuma la traición: Huerta y Wilson firman el Pacto de la Embajada". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
^ "Por sólo cuarenta y cinco minutos, Pedro Lascuráin Paredes asume el cargo de presidente interino". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
^ "Victoriano Huerta asume la presidencia y rinde la protesta de ley ante los diputados". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
^ "Victoriano Huerta, vencido por las fuerzas constitucionalistas, renuncia a la Presidencia de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
^ "FRANCISCO S. CARVAJAL". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on November 26, 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
^ "Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz asume la presidencia del gobierno convencionista". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
^ "El presidente provisional, nombrado por la Convención, Eulalio Gutiérrez, huye de México con los fondos de la Tesorería. Lo sucede Roque González Garza". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
^ "Francisco Lagos Cházaro se convierte en el último presidente del gobierno de la Convención". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
^ "Carranza Garza Venustiano". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
^ "Adolfo de la Huerta asume presidencia provisional de la República". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
^ "Obregón Salido Álvaro". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
^ "Elías Calles Campuzano Plutarco". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
^ "Portes Gil Emilio". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
^ "Pascual Ortiz Rubio sufre un atentado y resulta herido durante su toma posesión de la Presidencia de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
^ "Ortíz Rubio renuncia a la Presidencia. Ejerció su mandato en el periodo del "Maximato" llamado así por el poder real ejercido por Calles". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
^ "Rodríguez Abelardo L." Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013.

وصلات خارجية

(in إسپانية) Official List

[1] "The Political Constitution of the United Mexican States" (PDF). Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas (UNAM). p. 78. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 18, 2015. Retrieved August 9, 2011.

[Regencia-2] "El viajero en México: Ó sea la capital de la República, encerrada en un libro". Open Library. Retrieved August 9, 2011.

[3] INEHRM Secretaría de Gobernación Archived 2014-03-25 at the Wayback Machine.

[4] "El Viajero en México (Pág. 30)" (PDF). CDigital. Retrieved September 12, 2010.

[5] "Decreto. Nombramiento de los individuos que han de componer el poder ejecutivo" (in spanish). 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 8, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[6] "Decreto. Nombramiento de suplentes para el supremo poder ejecutivo" (in spanish). 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 8, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[7] "Vicente Guerrero, 1782-1831" (in spanish). Gobierno Federal. Archived from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[8] "How the First President of the United Mexican States came into office" (PDF). 500 años de México en documentos. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 3, 2011. Retrieved October 3, 2010.

[9] (in Spanish). pp. 74–75. Retrieved October 12, 2010.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[10] "Vicente Guerrero". Federal Government Of Mexico. Retrieved August 9, 2011.

[11] "Acuerdo de la Cámara de Diputados. Elección de presidente interino de la República en el Excmo. Sr. D. José María Bocanegra" (in Spanish). Retrieved July 8, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[12] "José María Bocanegra asume interinamente la presidencia de la República, por licencia de Vicente Guerrero" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[13] "Acuerdo del consejo de gobierno. Nombramiento de asociados al Excmo. Sr. Presidente de la Suprema Corte de Justicia, para ejercer el supremo poder ejecutivo" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[14] "Anastasio Bustamante, vicepresidente con Vicente Guerrero, asume la Presidencia de la República" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[15] "Melchor Múzquiz sustituye como presidente interino a Anastasio Bustamante" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[16] "Melchor Múzquiz" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[17] "Anastasio Bustamante" (in Spanish). Secretaria de Educación Publica en el Distrito Federal. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[18] "Manuel Gómez Pedraza" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[19] "Manuel Gómez Pedraza asume la presidencia de la República mediante los convenios de Zavaleta" (in Spanish). Memoria Politica de Mexico. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[20] "El Sr. D. Valentín Gómez Farías, al jurar como Vicepresidente" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[LopezyFarias-21] "Santa Anna asume por primera vez la presidencia de México" (in Spanish). Imagen Política de México y del Mundo. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[VGF-22] "Valentín Gómez Farías" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[SantaAnna-23] "Antonio López de Santa Anna" (in Spanish). Federal Government of Mexico. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[24] "Antonio López de Santa Anna asume por primera vez la presidencia de México" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[reeleccion-25] "La adicción al poder. Reelección o No Reelección" (in Spanish). Internet para el profesional de la política. p. 2. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[reformas-26] "Santa Anna asume el poder; Valentín Gómez Farías va al exilio" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[27] "Relación Cronológica de las Legislaturas de la Cámara de Diputados" (PDF) (in Spanish). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved August 9, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[barragan-28] "Asume la presidencia de la República interinamente el general Miguel Barragán en sustitución de Santa Anna" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[29] Riva Palacio, Vicente (1940). (in spanish). Editorial Cumbre. Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[30] De La Fuente Guerrero, Sara C. (2003). Las Constituciones de México (in Spanish). México: Servigraf.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[31] "Bases constitucionales expedidas por el Congreso Constituyente" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[32] "José Justo Corro asume el cargo de presidente interino por la enfermedad del general Miguel Barragán" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[33] "Decreto que expide las Leyes Constitucionales de la República Mexicana". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 10, 2011.

[34] "Tratado definitivo de paz y amistad entre México y España" (PDF). 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 10, 2011.

[35] "La primera República Federal 1824–1835" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 8. Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[36] "Anastasio Bustamante". Federal Government of Mexico. Retrieved August 10, 2011.

[37] "López de Santa Anna y Pérez Lebrón, Antonio" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[38] "Nicolás Bravo 1786–1854" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[NBravo-39] "Nicolás Bravo" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 10, 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[40] "Anastasio Bustamante". Government of the State of Aguascalientes. Retrieved August 10, 2011. ^[]

[41] "Anastasio Bustamante". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[42] "Francisco Javier Echeverría asume la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[43] "Francisco Javier Echeverría". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[44] "Decreto de la Junta de Representantes. Se declara Presidente de la República, a D. Antonio López de Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[45] "Junta de Representantes o Consejo de los Departamentos". Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas (UNAM). Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[SantaAnnaBravo-46] "Efemérides / Santa Anna". Secretaria de Educación Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[47] "Decreto del gobierno. Sobre que volverá a ejercer el poder ejecutivo, luego que llegue a la capital, el general Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[48] "Decreto del gobierno. Se deposita el gobierno provisional de la República en el general D. Valentín Canalizo". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[49] "Valentín Canalizo asume la presidencia de la República como sustituto de Santa Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[50] "Ley. Se declara presidente constitucional de la República, á D. Antonio López de Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[CanalizoDeHerrera-51] "Efemérides / Santa Anna". Secretaria de Educación Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[Canalizo2-52] "Valentín Canalizo es nombrado presidente interino de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[53] "Canalizo, Valentín". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[54] "Herrera asume la Presidencia tras un levantamiento popular". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on December 6, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[55] "Decreto del senado. Se declara presidente interino de la República, á D. José Joaquín de Herrera". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[56] "Mariano Paredes". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[ParedesBravo-57] "Decreto del congreso extraordinario. Se declarará presidente interino á D. Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[58] "Nicolás Bravo asume la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[59] "Se concede permiso al presidente de la República, para mandar en persona las fuerzas de tierra". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[60] "Manifiesto de Mariano Salas y Valentín Gómez Farías". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[Salas-61] "El General Mariano Salas toma posesión de la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[62] "Republica Federal" (PDF). El Viajero en México. p. 5. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[63] "Se declara vigente la Constitución de 1824". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[64] "Se declara presidente interino de la República, á D. Antonio Lopez de Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[65] "Se declara que D. Valentín Gómez Farías queda en posesion de su encargo de vicepresidente de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[66] "21 DE MARZO DE 1847". Biblioteca Digital. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

[67] "Efemerides/Pedro María Anaya". Secretaria de Educacion Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved September 3, 2011.

[68] "Desemejanzas entre el lider politico y el jefe militar" (PDF). Senate of Mexico. p. 2. Retrieved September 3, 2011. ^[]

[69] "Se concede licencia al actual presidente para mandar el ejército, y se suprime la vicepresidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2011.

[70] "Pedro María de Anaya". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved September 3, 2011.

[71] "Tropas mexicanas al mando de Pedro María Anaya y Manuel Rincón luchan contra las fuerzas al mando de Scott en Churubusco". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved September 3, 2011.

[72] "El Presidente de la República, a sus compatriotas". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2011.

[73] "Manuel de la Peña y Peña". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved September 3, 2011.

[74] "El general Pedro María Anaya asume la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2011.

[75] "Herrera, José Joaquín de". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.

[76] "Tras reñidas elecciones, el general Mariano Arista asume pacíficamente la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.

[77] "Juan Bautista Ceballos asume el poder ejecutivo tras la renuncia del presidente Mariano Arista". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.

[78] "Lombardini asume la Presidencia". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.

[79] "Santa Anna". Secretaria de Educacion Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2012.

[80] "López de Santa Anna y Pérez Lebrón Antonio". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.

[81] "Símbolos patrios de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Archived from the original on October 20, 2007. Retrieved July 26, 2012.

[Ayutla-82] "Al triunfo del Plan de Ayutla, Santa Anna sale de México". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012.

[83] "Martín Carrera". Secretaria de Educacion Publica del Distrito Federal. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2012.

[84] "Martín Carrera". Gobierno Federal de Mexico. Retrieved August 9, 2012.

[85] "El general Rómulo Díaz de la Vega asume de facto la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012.

[86] "Juan Álvarez". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2012.

[87] "1855 Decreto del gobierno. Se nombra presidente de la República al general D. Juan Alvarez". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2012.

[88] "Ignacio Comonfort". Gobierno Federal de México. Retrieved August 9, 2012.

[89] "Ignacio Comonfort asume la Presidencia". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2012.

[90] "Juárez García Benito Pablo". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2013.

[91] "Es proclamado el Plan de Tacubaya, con el que los conservadores pretenden derogar la Constitución de 1857". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2013.

[92] "El Congreso declara que dejó de ser Presidente de la República don Ignacio Comonfort desde el 17 de diciembre de 1857". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved April 29, 2013.

[93] "Tras desconocer a Comonfort, Félix María Zuloaga es nombrado presidente por el partido conservador". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[Memoria_Politica_de_M.C3.A9xico-94] "Asume la presidencia del gobierno conservador el general Manuel Robles Pezuela". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[95] "Plan de Navidad". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[96] "FÉLIX MARÍA ZULOAGA (1813–1898)". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[97] "Zuloaga nombra presidente sustituto de la República a Miguel Miramón". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[98] "José Ignacio Pavón, presidente de la Suprema Corte, se encarga durante dos días del poder ejecutivo del gobierno conservador". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[99] "Toma posesión como presidente interino de la República, Miguel Miramón. Juárez sigue siendo el presidente legal". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[100] "Felix Maria Zuloaga". Chihuahua, México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[101] "Se establece la regencia del Imperio mexicano". 500 años de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[102] "Acta de la primera reunión de la Junta Superior de Gobierno". 500 años de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

[103] "Lerdo de Tejada Sebastián". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on January 10, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.

[104] "El Congreso declara la reelección de Lerdo de Tejada y José Ma. Iglesias se da a la rebeldía". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2013.

[105] "Porfirio Díaz asume el poder por primera vez". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.

[106] "El general Juan N. Méndez ocupa la presidencia en tanto Porfirio Díaz termina con los últimos reductos de las fuerzas de Iglesias y de Lerdo de Tejada". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 11, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.

[107] "Porfirio Díaz es nombrado presidente constitucional de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.

[108] "El general Manuel González toma posesión como presidente constitucional". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.

[109] "Díaz Mori Porfirio". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.

[110] "León de la Barra Francisco". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.

[111] "Anti-Reelectionist-Progressive Constitutional" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-04. Retrieved 2015-12-30.

[112] "Francisco I. Madero asume el cargo de la Presidente de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on January 13, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.

[113] "Se consuma la traición: Huerta y Wilson firman el Pacto de la Embajada". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2013.

[114] "Por sólo cuarenta y cinco minutos, Pedro Lascuráin Paredes asume el cargo de presidente interino". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2013.

[115] "Victoriano Huerta asume la presidencia y rinde la protesta de ley ante los diputados". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2013.

[116] "Victoriano Huerta, vencido por las fuerzas constitucionalistas, renuncia a la Presidencia de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2013.

[117] "FRANCISCO S. CARVAJAL". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on November 26, 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2013.

[118] "Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz asume la presidencia del gobierno convencionista". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013.

[119] "El presidente provisional, nombrado por la Convención, Eulalio Gutiérrez, huye de México con los fondos de la Tesorería. Lo sucede Roque González Garza". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013.

[120] "Francisco Lagos Cházaro se convierte en el último presidente del gobierno de la Convención". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013.

[121] "Carranza Garza Venustiano". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013.

[122] "Adolfo de la Huerta asume presidencia provisional de la República". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2013.

[123] "Obregón Salido Álvaro". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013.

[124] "Elías Calles Campuzano Plutarco". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013.

[125] "Portes Gil Emilio". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013.

[126] "Pascual Ortiz Rubio sufre un atentado y resulta herido durante su toma posesión de la Presidencia de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013.

[127] "Ortíz Rubio renuncia a la Presidencia. Ejerció su mandato en el periodo del "Maximato" llamado así por el poder real ejercido por Calles". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013.

[128] "Rodríguez Abelardo L." Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013.