ألجري‌پثيكس

ألجري‌پثيكس; Algeripithecus; Temporal range: Early to Middle Eocene PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K ↓
التصنيف الفهمي
مملكة:	الحيوانية
Phylum:	الحبليات
Class:	الثدييات
Order:	الرئيسيات
Suborder:	Strepsirrhini
Infraorder:	incertae sedis
Family:	Azibiidae
Genus:	''ألجري‌پثيكس''; گودينوت ومحبوبي، 1992
أنواع
	Algeripithecus minutus;

الفك السفلي لألجري‌پثيكس.

ألجري‌پثيكس Algeripithecus، هوجنس بائد من حفرية رئيسيات مبكرة، تزن حوالي 65-85 كج. عُثر عليها في الجزائر وتعود إلى 50-46 مليون سنة مضت.

كان يعتقد حتى القرديات هي أقدم الرئيسيات (مجموعة تتضمن القردة والسعادين)، وما أكد هذه الفرضية حتى القرديات تعود بأصولها إلى أفريقيا. أشارت أبحاث أجريت على عينات أكثر اكتمالاً حتى رئيسيات strepsirrhine، الأكثر قرابة لقردة الليمور الحالية وشبيهات اللوريس هي الرئيسيات الأقدم في العالم. وما زال الموضوع محل جدل.

الاكتشاف

كان أول اكتشاف لحفريات ألجري‌پثيكس في تكوين قليب، بلدية قليب زقدو، الجزائر وتعود لأوائل - منتصف الإيوسيني، 50-46 مليون سنة مضت. The holotype was an upper left moloar (M²).

التطور والتصنيف

اتى أول وصف للحفرية بجريدة تخصصر في منطق لمارك گودينوت وحمد محبوبي عام 1992، وسرعان ما اعتبرت ألجري‌پثيكس أقدم حفرية معروفة لقردة السمينيان، وترجع بأصولها إلى أفريقيا مثل باقي أفراد القرديات. It was originally interpreted as a propliopithecid, but was also seen as a proteopithecid by Godinot in 1994 and as a parapithecoid by Seiffert et al. starting in 2005. Based on the discovery of additional fossil teeth and a maxilla (upper jaw) between 2003 and 2009, Tabuce et al. reconstructed Algeripithecus as an azibiid, a group thought to be a type of stem lemuriform, or strepsirrhine primate. According to Tabuce et al., the mandible of Algeripithecus indicates it had an inclined canine tooth, similar to that found in toothcombed primates. Although the anterior dentition of azibiids is unknown, they may have possessed a toothcomb, indicating an ancient stem lineage of lemuriform primates in Africa, possibly descended from an early Asian branch of adapiforms such as a primitive branch of cercamoniines predating Donrussellia (one of the oldest European adapiforms). As a result, the African origins of crown strepsirhines (including lemurs and lorisoids) is well supported, whereas the African origins of simians has been placed in doubt, possibly giving favor to an Asian origins hypothesis. However, in 2010, Godinot reasserted his view that Algeripithecus was a simian based on its upper molar morphology and hypothesized that this applied to all azibiids, favoring his earlier view that azibiids may be early simians instead of stem lemuriforms. In 2011, Marivaux et al. published an interpretation of recently discovered talus bones of closely related Azibius found at Gour Lazib, which they claimed were more similar to those of living strepsirrhines and extinct adapiforms, not simians, thus reinforcing the strepsirrhine status favored by Tabuce et al. two years earlier.

Godinot also cautiously suggested that Dralestes may be a synonym of Algeripithecus based on a blade-like premolar. Alternatively, the second upper molar (M²) of Dralestes hammadaensis have been reinterpreted by Tabuce et al. as being the upper fourth premoloar (P⁴) of Azibius, and therefore considered Dralestes to be a synonym of Azibius. Specimens of Dralestes are now recognized as being either Azibius and Algeripithecus.

التشريح والفسيولوجيا

Like all azibiids, Algeripithecus was a small-bodied primate. Initially thought to weigh 150 to 300 غ (5.3 to 10.6 أونصة),Algeripithecus minutus is now estimated to have weighed between 65 and 85 غ (2.3 and 3.0 أونصة), nearly half the weight of the only other known azibiid, Azibius trerki. It was comparable in size to a hairy-eared dwarf lemur (Allocebus trichotis) or a brown mouse lemur (Microcebus rufus).

هوامش

^ Talus bones are commonly used to differentiate simians from prosimian primates phylogenetically.
^ Size estimates were calculated using regressions of the area of the first molar compared to living primates.

المصادر

^ Godinot & Mahboubi 1992, p. 324.
^ Tabuce et al. 2009, pp. 4087–4088.
^ Tabuce et al. 2009, p. 4089.
^ Tabuce et al. 2009, p. 4087.
^ Tabuce et al. 2009, pp. 4092–4093.
^ Godinot 2006, pp. 461–462.
^ Godinot 2006, pp. 454–455.
^ Godinot 2010, pp. 322–323.
^ Marivaux et al. 2011, p. 451.
^ Marivaux et al. 2011, pp. 452–453.
^ Tabuce et al. 2009, pp. 4088–4089.
^ Marivaux et al. 2011, p. 453.
^ Tabuce et al. 2009, p. 4088.

الاستشهادات

DOI:10.1038/357324a0
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DOI:10.1159/000095391
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Godinot, M. (2010). "Chapter 19: Paleogene Prosimians". In Werdelin, L.; Sanders, W.J (eds.). Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press. ISBN .
DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.05.013
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DOI:10.1098/rspb.2009.1339
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