لازار إدليانو
لازار إدليانو Lazăr Edeleanu (النطق بالرومانية: [ˈlazər edeˈle̯anu]; 1861, بوخارست - 1941) هوكيميائي ومخترع روماني من أصل يهودي.
كان إدليانوأول كيميائي ينجح في تخليق الأمفيتامين في جامعة برلين، كما اخترع طريقة حديثة لتكرير النفط الخام.
طفولته ودراسته
Edeleanu, son of Jewish turner Shaye Edeleanu, was raised in Bucharest and in the town of Focşani. As he showed an early aptitude for science, was sent at the age of 12 to study in Bucharest at the prestigious St. Sava College. Lived in poor housing conditions, in a basement room and earned his living through giving private lessons. So could he receive his baccalaureate in 1882. After ending high school, he worked hard as worker in order to go on and study - chemistry - at the Berlin University with A.W. Hofmann, C.F. Rammelsberg and H.L. Helmholtz.
In 1887, he received the title of Doctor in Chemistry with the thesis "On the derivatives of fatty phenylmethacrylic and phenylisobutyric acids" (original title in German: "Ueber einige Derivate der Phenylmethacrylsäure und der Phenylisobuttersäure"), in which he described phenylisopropylamine, a nervous system stimulant also known as amphetamine or benzedrine.
نشاطه البحثي في رومانيا ولندن
After receiving his doctorate, Edeleanu worked for a time at the Royal College of Artillery in لندن as lecturer and assistant to professor Hodgkinson. During this period he collaborated with C.F. Cross and E.J. Bevan to create a type of artificial fireproof silk and with R. Meldola to create oxazine-based dyes. Back in Romania, he was hired by chemist Constantin I. Istrati as assistant, and then lecturer, at the Faculty of Sciences in Bucharest, Organic Chemistry Department. In 1906 he was appointed Head of the Chemistry Laboratory at the Geology Institute (founded that year) and director of Vega Refinery near Ploesti (refinery owned at that time by German company Diskont). In 1907 he co-organized the Petroleum Congress in Bucharest and co-authored a monograph on Romanian crude oil's physical and technical properties with Ion Tănăsescu.
1908 was the year of his most significant invention, the Edeleanu process, in which petroleum is refined with liquid sulfur dioxide to selectively extract aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.). The procedure was first applied experimentally in Romania at the Vega Refinery, then at Rouen, France, in Germany, and subsequently throughout the world.
أبحاثه وأعماله في ألمانيا
Since 1910 Edeleanu himself settled in Germany there he founded a company called "Allgemeine Gesellschaft für Chemische Industrie". Due to the success of the logo "Edeleanu", since 1930 the company changed its name to Edeleanu GmbH. During the National Socialist regime was bought by the Deutsche Erdöl-AG, later changed several times its owners and in 2002 was acquired by Uhde GmbH, which is owned by Thyssen-Krupp trust. The name Edeleanu stayed in use for the refinery department till nowadays.
عاد إدليانوإلى رومانيا وتوفي في بخاريت في أبريل 1941.
إنجازاته
في عام 1960، there were 80 Edeleanu facilities worldwide. ومازال منهج إدليانويستخدم إلى الآن، , in its many variations, and remains العملية الأساسية للحصول على نفط مكرر عالي الجودة.
لإدريانو212 براءة اختراع في رومانيا، الولايات المتحدة، ألمانيا، فرنسا، النمسا، السويد وهولندا.
جوائز وتكريمات
- 1910 - عضوجمعية العلوم الطبيعية في موسكو
- 1925 - عضوية فخرية في معهد تقنيوالنفط في لندن (1925)
- 1932 - وسام ثيوفيلوس ريدوود لمدى الحياة عن إنجازاته الفهمية في مجال الكيمياء التحليلية.
المصادر
- ^ The Romanian Jewish Community at www.romanianjewish.org
- ^ biography on net
المراجع
- FCER - Contribuţia evreilor din România la cultură şi civilizaţie
Editura Hasefer, 2004 p. 215-216 (Fed. of Jewish Communities in Romania - Contributions of Romanian Jews to culture and civilization, Hasefer Publ.House, Bucharest 2004, in Romanian 215-216)
- Allgemeine deutsche Biographie&Neue deutsche Biographie Bd.4,Duncker &Humblot, Berlin 1959
Magdaleine Moureau.Gerald Brace Dictionnaire du petrole et d'autres sources d'energie –anglais- français Ed. Technip 2008
- E H J Rosenburg- The History of selective solvents
1st World Petroleum Congress, July 18–24, 1933 , London, UK
- Dr.L.Edeleanu - Ludovic Mrazec
in the Monit. Petr. Roumanie , obituary article - 1941
وصلات خارجية
- Homepage der Edeleanu GmbH since 2002 owned by Uhde company (in German)
- *biography - in Romanian
قراءات إضافية
- S.Benari
Lazăr Edeleanu Editura Stiinţifică şi enciclopedică Bucureşti,1982 (in Romanian)
- O.Păduraru -Bibliografia lucrărilor şi brevetelor în limba engleză de dr. L. Edeleanu
(Anglo-Rumanian Bibliography of works and brevets of dr L.Edeleanu), Bucureşti 1946.
- I.Drimuş, C. Tache - Lazăr Edeleanu , precursor al chimizării petrolului , (in Romanian) in Revista de chimie 1958
- Robert Treyball- Liquid extraction - McGrawHill Book Co,1951m first edition
- Avilino Sequeira - Lubricant base oil and wax processing CRC Press 1994
- Alan A.Comyns - Encyclopedic Dictionary of Named Processes in Chemical Technology - CRCPress 1999
