قائمة مناطق المخ البشري

فهم النفس العصبي; ; ;
مواضيع
	Brain-computer interfaces • تلف المخ; مناطق المخ • Clinical neuropsychology; Cognitive neuroscience • المخ البشري; العقل والدماغ • تشريح عصبي; فسيولوجيا الأعصاب • Phrenology; Popular misconceptions;
وظائف المخ
	arousal • attention ; concentration • consciousness ; صنع القرار • وظائف تطبيقية ; لغة • تفهم • ذاكرة ; motor coordination • ادراك حسي; تخطيط • حل المشكلات; تفكير ;
أشخاص
	Arthur L. Benton • Antonio Damasio; Phineas Gage • Norman Geschwind; • الخنون جولدبرج; دونالد هب • الكسندر لوريا • ; Muriel D. Lezak • Brenda Milner; Karl Pribram • اوليڤر ساكس; روجر سپري
الإختبارات
	Bender-Gestalt Test; Benton Visual Retention Test; Clinical Dementia Rating; Continuous Performance Task; Hayling and Brixton tests; Lexical decision task; Mini mental state examination; Stroop task; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; Wisconsin card sorting task
	• •

المناطق التشريحية في المخ مدرجة عمودياً، تبعاً للتسلسل الهرمي في التشريحي العصبي. المناطق الوظيفية، الرابطة، والتطورية مدرجة أفقياً بين قوسين.

دماغ خلفي Rhombencephalon

دماغ بصلي Myelencephalon

Medulla oblongata
- Medullary pyramids
- Respiratory center
- Medullary cranial nerve nuclei
  - Inferior salivatory nucleus
  - Nucleus ambiguus
  - Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
  - Hypoglossal nucleus
  - Solitary nucleus

دماغ تالي Metencephalon

Pons
- Respiratory centres
  - Pneumotaxic centre
  - Apneustic centre
- Pontine cranial nerve nuclei
  - chief or pontine nucleus of the عصب ثلاثي التوائم sensory nucleus (V)
  - Motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V)
  - Abducens nucleus (VI)
  - Facial nerve nucleus (VII)
  - نوى العصب الدهليزي القسقطي vestibulocochlear (vestibular nuclei والنوى الدهليزية القسقطية Cochlear nuclei) (VIII)
  - Superior salivatory nucleus
- Cerebellar peduncles
  - Superior cerebellar peduncle
  - Middle cerebellar peduncle
  - Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Paramedian pontine reticular formation
بطين رابع Fourth ventricle
مخيخ Cerebellum
- Cerebellar vermis
- Cerebellar hemispheres
  - الفص الأمامي Anterior lobe
  - الفص الخلفي Posterior lobe
  - Flocculonodular lobe
- Cerebellar nuclei
  - Fastigial nucleus
  - Globose nucleus
  - Emboliform nucleus
  - Dentate nucleus

دماغ متوسط mesencephalon

Tectum
- Corpora quadrigemina
  - inferior colliculi
  - superior colliculi
Pretectum
Cerebral peduncle
- Tegmentum
  - Ventral tegmental area
  - Red nucleus
- Substantia nigra
  - Pars compacta
- Crus cerebri
- Interpeduncular nucleus
Mesencephalic duct (cerebral aqueduct, aqueduct of Sylvius)

دماغ أمامي prosencephalon

دماغ بيني Diencephalon

مهيد Epithalamus

pineal body
Habenular nuclei
Stria medullares
Taenia thalami

بطين ثالث Third ventricle

مهاد Thalamus

Anterior nuclear group
- Anteroventral nucleus
- Anterodorsal nucleus
- Anteromedial nucleus
Medial nuclear group
- Medial dorsal nucleus
- Midline nuclear group
- Paratenial nucleus
- Reuniens nucleus
- Rhomboidal nucleus
- Intralaminar nuclear group
- Centromedial nucleus
- Parafascicular nucleus
- Paracentral nucleus
- Central lateral nucleus
- Central medial nucleus
Lateral nuclear group
- Lateral dorsal nucleus
- Lateral posterior nucleus
- Pulvinar
Ventral nuclear group
- Ventral anterior nucleus
- Ventral lateral nucleus
- Ventral posterior nucleus
  - Ventral posterior lateral nucleus
  - Ventral posterior medial nucleus
Metathalamus
- Medial geniculate body
- Lateral geniculate body
Thalamic reticular nucleus

وطاء Hypothalamus (جهاز حوفي limbic system) (HPA axis)

Anterior
- Medial area
  - Parts of preoptic area
    - Medial preoptic nucleus
  - Suprachiasmatic nucleus
  - Paraventricular nucleus
  - Supraoptic nucleus (mainly)
  - Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
- Lateral area
  - Parts of preoptic area
    - Lateral preoptic nucleus
  - Anterior part of Lateral nucleus
  - Part of supraoptic nucleus
- Other nuclei of preoptic area
  - median preoptic nucleus
  - periventricular preoptic nucleus
Tuberal
- Medial area
  - Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
  - Ventromedial nucleus
  - Arcuate nucleus
- Lateral area
  - Tuberal part of Lateral nucleus
  - Lateral tuberal nuclei
Posterior
- Medial area
  - Mammillary nuclei (part of mammillary bodies)
  - Posterior nucleus
- Lateral area
  - Posterior part of Lateral nucleus
Optic chiasm
Subfornical organ
Periventricular nucleus
Pituitary stalk
Tuber cinereum
- Tuberal nucleus
- Tuberomamillary nucleus
Tuberal region
Mammillary bodies
Mammillary nucleus

تحت المهاد Subthalamus (HPA axis)

Thalamic nucleus
Zona incerta

غدة نخامية Pituitary gland (HPA axis)

neurohypophysis
Intermediate pituitary
adenohypophysis

نصف كرة مخية Cerebral hemisphere

██ red: frontal lobe ██ orange: parietal lobe ██ yellow: occipital lobe ██ green: temporal lobe ██ blue: cerebellum ██ black: brainstem

مادة بيضاء White matter

Corona radiata
Internal capsule
External capsule
Extreme capsule
Arcuate fasciculus
Uncinate fasciculus

تحت القشرة

Hippocampus (Medial Temporal Lobe)
- Dentate gyrus
- Cornu ammonis (CA fields)
  - Cornu ammonis area 1
  - Cornu ammonis area 2
  - Cornu ammonis area 3
  - Cornu ammonis area 4
Amygdala (limbic system) (limbic lobe)
- Central nucleus (autonomic nervous system)
- Medial nucleus (accessory olfactory system)
- Cortical and basomedial nuclei (main olfactory system)
- Lateral^[] and basolateral nuclei (frontotemporal cortical system)
Claustrum
Basal ganglia
- Striatum
  - Dorsal striatum
    - Putamen
    - Caudate nucleus
  - Ventral striatum
    - Nucleus accumbens
    - Olfactory tubercle
- Globus pallidus (forms nucleus lentiformis with putamen)
- Subthalamic nucleus

دماغ شمي Rhinencephalon (ريطة المتقادمة paleopallium)

Olfactory bulb
Piriform cortex
Anterior olfactory nucleus
Olfactory tract
Anterior commissure
Uncus

قشرة مخية Cerebral cortex (قشرة جديدة neopallium)

Frontal lobe
- Cortex
  - Primary motor cortex (Precentral gyrus, M1)
  - Supplementary motor cortex
  - Premotor cortex
  - Prefrontal cortex
- Gyri
  - Superior frontal gyrus
  - Middle frontal gyrus
  - Inferior frontal gyrus
- Brodmann areas: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 24, 25, 32, 33, 44, 45, 46, 47
Parietal lobe
- Cortex
  - Primary somatosensory cortex (S1)
  - Secondary somatosensory cortex (S2)
  - Posterior parietal cortex
- Gyri
  - Postcentral gyrus (Primary somesthetic area)
- Other
  - Precuneus
- Brodmann areas 1, 2, ثلاثة (Primary somesthetic area); 5, 7, 23, 26, 29, 31, 39, 40
Occipital lobe
- Cortex
  - Primary visual cortex (V1)
  - V2
  - V3
  - V4
  - V5/MT
- Gyri
  - Lateral occipital gyrus
- Other
  - Cuneus
- Brodmann areas ; 18, 19
Temporal lobe
- Cortex
  - Primary auditory cortex (A1)
  - secondary auditory cortex (A2)
  - Inferior temporal cortex
  - Posterior inferior temporal cortex
- Gyri
  - Superior temporal gyrus
  - Middle temporal gyrus
  - Inferior temporal gyrus
  - Fusiform gyrus
  - Parahippocampal gyrus
- Brodmann areas: 9, 20, 21, 22, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42
- Other
  - Medial superior temporal area (MST)
Insular cortex
Cingulate cortex
- Anterior cingulate
- Posterior cingulate
- Retrosplenial cortex
- Indusium griseum
- Subgenual area 25
- Brodmann areas 23, 24; 26, 29, 30 (retrosplenial areas); 31, 32

مسالك عصبية Neural pathway

Arcuate fasciculus
Cerebral peduncle
Corpus callosum
pyramidal or corticospinal tract

مسالك الدوپامين الرئيسية جهاز الدوپماين dopamine system
- Mesocortical pathway
- Mesolimbic pathway
- Nigrostriatal pathway
- Tuberoinfundibular pathway

Serotonin Pathways serotonin system
- Raphe Nuclei

الأجهزة الحركية

Extrapyramidal system
Pyramidal tract
Alpha system
Gamma system

أعصاب

جذع المخ
- Cranial nerves
  - Terminal (0)
  - Olfactory (I)
  - Optic (II)
  - Oculomotor (III)
  - Trochlear (IV)
  - Trigeminal (V)
  - Abducens (VI)
  - Facial (VII)
  - Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
  - Glossopharyngeal (IX)
  - Vagus (X)
  - Accessory (XI)
  - Hypoglossal (XII)

جهاز الغدد الصماء endocrine

HPA axis
HPG axis

الأجهزة الوعائية Vascular systems

Venous systems
Circle of Willis (arterial system)
Blood–brain barrier

جهاز سحائي جافي Dural meningeal system

Brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
Meningeal coverings
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
Epidural space
Subdural space
Arachnoid septum
Ventricular system
- Cerebrospinal fluid
  - Subarachnoid space
    - Third ventricle
    - Fourth ventricle
    - Lateral ventricles
      - Anterior horn
      - Body of lateral ventricle
      - Inferior horn
      - Posterior horn
    - Superior cistern
    - Cistern of lamina terminalis
    - Chiasmatic cistern
    - Interpeduncular cistern
    - Pontine cistern
    - Cisterna magna
  - Spinal subarachnoid space