جيمي دونال "جيمبو" ويلز (ولدثمانية أغسطس 1966) هورجل أعمال مبادر على الإنترنت أمريكى وشريك في إنشاء ويكيپيديا

ولد ويلز في هنتسڤيل, ألباما، الولايات المتحدة. وتلقى تعليمه في مدرسة خاصة صغيرة، ثم حصل على البكالوريوس والماجستير في التمويل. وبينما كان في الدراسات العليا بالجامعة، قام بالتدريس في جامعتين. حصل ويلز لاحقاً على وظيفة في التمويل، وعمل كمدير للأبحاث في شركة من أجل البيع الآجل والمضاربة في شيكاغولعدة سنوات. وفي 1996، قام مع شريكين بتأسيس بوميس، البوابة الإلكترونية الإباحية وأكبر محرك درس إباحي في العالم. بوميس، كملجأ ضريبي، قامت باستضافة وتمويل موسوعة نوپيديا المراجـَعة (2000–2003) وكذلك لاحقتها ويكيپيديا.

وفي 2001، بالتشارك مع لاري سانگر وغيره، ساعد ويلز على اطلاق ويكيبيديا، موسوعة المحتوى المفتوح المجانية التي تمتعت بنمووشعبية فائقتان. ومع نموأهمية ويكيبيديا، أصبح ويلز المروج للمشروع والمتحدث باسمه. ويـُذكر ويلز تاريخياً بأنه أحد مؤسسي ويكيبيديا، بالرغم من أنه يدعي أنه المؤسس الوحيد. يجلس ويلز في مجلس أمناء مؤسسة ويكيميديا، المؤسسة الخيرية غير الربحية التي تدير ويكيبيديا. ويشغل منصب "مؤسس المجتمع" الذي أقره مجلس الأمناء. وفي 2004، شارك في تأسيس ويكيا، ذات الملكية الخاصة، وهي خدمة استضافة على الوب، وكان ذلك بالتشارك مع زميلته في أمانة ويكيميديا أنجلا بيزلي.

تزوج ويلز مرتين وله ابنة من كريستين، زوجته الثانية، التي انفصل عنها. ويصف نفسه بأنه Objectivist و، مع تحفظات، libertarian. دوره في خلق ويكيبيديا، التي أصبحت أكبر موسوعة في العالم، دفع مجلة تايم لتختاره في قائمة أكثر الأشخاص تأثيراً في العالم، عام 2006. ويعتبر ويلز الزعيم العملي لويكيبيديا.

النشأة

بالرغم من عدم التيقن من تاريخ مولده الذى نص على أنهثمانية أغسطس 1966 كما هومدون برخصة قيادة السيارة. His father, Jimmy, عمل مديرا لمستودع بنطقة بينما والدته, دوريس, وجدته, إرما, لفت مدرسة خاصة,حسب التقليد مدرسة من فصل واحد منزل, حيث تلقى ويلز تعليمه الأولى. هووأربعة أطفال فقط,وضعوا بنفس الصف , حيث ترتبت المدرسة من الصفوف الأول حتى الرابع فترة الطلاب والفترة الخامسة حتى الثامنة .

After eighth grade, Wales attended Randolph School, a university-preparatory school in Huntsville. Wales has said that the school was expensive for his family, but that "Education was always a passion in my household … you know, the very traditional approach to knowledge and learning and establishing that as a base for a good life." He received his bachelor's degree in finance from Auburn University and entered the Ph.D. finance program at the University of Alabama before leaving with a Master's degree. He then took courses offered in the Ph.D. finance program at Indiana University. He taught at both universities during his postgraduate studies, but did not write the doctoral dissertation required for a Ph.D., something which he has ascribed to boredom.

حياته العملية

شركة بوميس

في 1994، أخذ ويلز وظيفة في شركة شيكاغواوپشنز أسوشييتس، وهي شركة مضاربة وبيع آجل في شيكاغو, Illinois. By "speculating on interest rate and foreign-currency fluctuations," he had soon earned enough to "support himself and his wife for the rest of their lives," according to Daniel Pink of Wired magazine. Wales has described himself as having been addicted to the Internet from an early stage and used to write computer code as a pastime. During his studies in Alabama, he became an obsessive player of Multi-User Dungeons (MUDs)—a type of virtual role-playing game—and thereby experienced the potential of computer networks to foster large-scale collaborative projects.

Inspired by the remarkable initial public offering of Netscape in 1995, he decided to become an internet entrepreneur, and in 1996 founded the web portal Bomis with two partners. The website featured user-generated webrings and for a time sold erotic photographs. Wales described it as a "guy-oriented search engine" with a market similar to that of Maxim magazine; and according to The Atlantic Monthly it "found itself positioned as the Playboy of the Internet". Bomis did not become successful, but in March 2000 hosted and provided the initial funding for the Nupedia project.

نوپيديا وويكيپيديا

In March 2000, Wales started a peer-reviewed, open-content encyclopedia, Nupedia ("the free encyclopedia"), and hired Larry Sanger to be its editor-in-chief. Nupedia was characterized by an extensive peer-review process designed to make its articles of a quality comparable to that of professional encyclopedias. After Sanger publicly proposed on January 10, 2001, the idea of using a wiki to create an encyclopedia, Wales installed wiki software on a server and authorized Sanger to pursue the project under his supervision. Sanger dubbed the project "Wikipedia" and, with Wales, laid down the founding principles and content, establishing an Internet-based community of contributors during that year. Wikipedia was initially intended to be a wiki-based site for collaboration on early encyclopedic content for submission to Nupedia, but Wikipedia's rapid growth quickly overshadowed Nupedia's development. Sanger worked on and promoted both the Nupedia and Wikipedia projects until Bomis discontinued funding for his position in February 2002; Sanger resigned as editor-in-chief of Nupedia and as "chief organizer" of Wikipedia on March 1. Wales has said that he initially was so worried with the concept that he would wake up in the middle of the night, wanting to check the site for vandalism. In the early years, Wales supplied the financial backing for the project. In a 2004 interview with Slashdot, Wales explained his motivations about Wikipedia, "Imagine a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge. That's what we're doing."

مؤسسة ويكيميديا

In mid-2003, Wales set up the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF), a non-profit organization founded in St. Petersburg, Florida, and now based in San Francisco, California. Originally chairman of the foundation, Wales has held the honorary title of Chairman Emeritus since 2006. He is now one of eight directors who make up its Board of Trustees. The work he carries out for the foundation has always been unpaid, including his appearances to promote the organization at computer and educational conferences. In a 2007 interview, Wales said that he thought that "donating" Wikipedia to the foundation was both the "dumbest and the smartest" thing he'd done. On the one hand, he noted, Wikipedia was worth US$3 billion (by his estimation); on the other, donating it made possible the success he achieved.

In March 2008, Wales was accused by former Wikimedia Foundation employee Danny Wool of subsidizing personal expenditures with foundation funds. Wool also stated that Wales had his Wikimedia credit card taken away in part because of his spending habits, though Wales denied this claim. Foundation Chair Florence Devouard and former foundation interim Executive Director Brad Patrick denied any wrongdoing by Wales or the foundation, saying that Wales accounted for every expense and that, for items for which he lacked receipts, he paid out of his own pocket. Later in March 2008, it was alleged by Jeffrey Vernon Merkey that Wales had edited Merkey's Wikipedia entry to make it more favorable in return for donations to the Wikimedia Foundation, an allegation Wales dismissed as "nonsense."

ويكيا

In 2004, Wales and then-fellow member of the WMF Board of Trustees Angela Beesley founded the for-profit company Wikia, Inc. Wikia is a wiki farm—a collection of individual wikis on different subjects, all hosted on the same website. Its most popular wikis include Memory Alpha (devoted to Star Trek), WoWWiki (World of Warcraft) and Wookieepedia (Star Wars). Another service offered by Wikia is an open source web search engine named Wikia Search, intended to challenge Google and introduce transparency and public dialogue about how it's created into the search engine's operations. Wales stepped down as Wikia CEO to be replaced by angel investor Gil Penchina, a former vice president and general manager at eBay, on June 5, 2006.

قضايا السير وويكيبيديا

أدوار مؤسسي ويكيبيديا

Wales has asserted that he is the sole founder of Wikipedia and has publicly disputed Larry Sanger's designation as a co-founder of Wikipedia, describing the claim as "preposterous" to The Boston Globe in 2006 and calling "the whole debate silly" in an April 2009 interview. Sanger was identified as co-founder at least as early as September 2001 by The New York Times and was referred to as a founder alongside Wales in Wikipedia's first press release in January 2002. In August of that year, Wales identified himself as "co-founder" of Wikipedia. In addition to developing Wikipedia in its early phase and guiding the project, Sanger was responsible for the idea of applying the wiki concept to the building of a free encyclopedia, and for the name "Wikipedia". In a 2005 memoir for Slashdot, Sanger nevertheless ascribed the broader idea to Wales: "To be clear, the idea of an open source, collaborative encyclopedia, open to contribution by ordinary people, was entirely Jimmy's, not mine, and the funding was entirely by Bomis. … The actual development of this encyclopedia was the task he gave me to work on." In response to Wales' view, Sanger posted on his personal webpage many links which appear to confirm his role in founding Wikipedia, all of which described Wales and Sanger as the co-founders. In a discussion in March 2007 with Brian Bergstein of the Associated Press, Wales said: "When you write this up please do not uncritically repeat Sanger's absurd claim to be the co-founder of Wikipedia." He added: "I am not bent out of shape about it. The facts are on my side, which is why I bother so little about it." Wales' role in the Wikipedia community has been described as benevolent dictator, constitutional monarch and spiritual leader.

Wikipedia biography

In late 2005, Wales edited his own biographical entry on the English Wikipedia. Writer Rogers Cadenhead drew attention to logs showing that in his edits to the page, Wales had removed references to Sanger as the co-founder of Wikipedia. Sanger commented that "having seen edits like this, it does seem that Jimmy is attempting to rewrite history. But this is a futile process because in our brave new world of transparent activity and maximum communication, the truth will out." Wales was also observed to have modified references to Bomis in a way that was characterized as downplaying the sexual nature of some of his former company's products. In an article in the July 31, 2006, issue of The New Yorker magazine, Stacy Schiff expanded on this topic, stating that Wales was "caught airbrushing his Wikipedia entry—eighteen times in the past year" and that he was "sensitive about references to the porn traffic on his Web portal". In both cases, Wales argued that his modifications were solely intended to improve the accuracy of the content. He apologized for editing his own biography, a practice generally frowned upon at Wikipedia. Wales said in the Wired interview, "People should not do it, including me. I wish I had not done it."

الحياة الشخصية

His first wife, Pam, was quoted in a September 2008 magazine article as saying that Wales, because he believed altruism was evil, discouraged her from pursuing a nursing degree when they were married: "His whole 'Mr. Save the World' is so contrary to what he said every day for seven years." Late in March 1997, Wales married his second wife, Christine, in Monroe County, Florida. They have a daughter named Kira and are separated. اعتبارا من 2007^[تحديث], Wales resided in the St. Petersburg, Florida, area.

Wales had a brief relationship with Canadian journalist Rachel Marsden in 2008 that began after Marsden contacted Wales about her Wikipedia biography. After accusations that Wales' relationship constituted a conflict of interest, Wales announced in March 2008 on his Wikipedia user page (and later on his personal blog) that there had been a relationship but that it was over and claimed that it had not influenced any matters on Wikipedia. Marsden claimed to have learned about the breakup by reading about it on Wikipedia.

الفلسفة

Wales is a self-avowed "Objectivist to the core", and named his daughter Kira after the heroine in Ayn Rand's debut novel We the Living, although he has said "I think I do a better job—than a lot of people who self-identify as Objectivists—of not pushing my point of view on other people." He ran an electronic mailing list on "Moderated Discussion of Objectivist Philosophy". When asked about Rand by Brian Lamb in his appearance on C-SPAN's Q&A in September 2005, Wales cited "the virtue of independence" as important to him personally. When asked if he could trace "the Ayn Rand connection" to having a political philosophy at the time of the interview, Wales reluctantly labeled himself a libertarian, qualifying his remark by referring to the United States Libertarian Party as "lunatics" and citing "freedom, liberty, basically individual rights, that idea of dealing with other people in a matter that is not initiating force against them" as his guiding principles. An interview with Wales served as the cover feature of the June 2007 issue of the libertarian magazine Reason, in which Wales cited Austrian School economist Friedrich von Hayek's work on price theory and decentralised information The Use of Knowledge in Society as "central" to his thinking about "how to manage the Wikipedia project".

التكريم

• Mid-2005 — Wales is appointed as a member of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School.
• October 3, 2005 — according to a press release, Wales joins the Board of Directors of Socialtext, a provider of wiki technology to businesses.
• 2006 — Wales joins the Board of Directors of the non-profit organization Creative Commons.
• May 8, 2006 — Wales is listed in the "Scientists & Thinkers" section of the 100 influential people special edition of Time magazine.
• June 3, 2006 — Wales receives an honorary degree from Knox College.
• May 3, 2006 — The Electronic Frontier Foundation awards him a Pioneer Award.
• 2006 — Wales is appointed to the advisory board of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence.
• January 23, 2007 — Forbes magazine ranks Wales twelfth in its first annual "The Web Celebs 25".
• 2007 — Wales is recognized by the World Economic Forum as one of the 'Young Global Leaders' of 2007.
• 2008 — CORUM awards him The Global Brand Icon of the Year Award for 2008.
• 2008 — Wales receives the Quadriga award of Werkstatt Deutschland for A Mission of Enlightenment representing the Wikimedia-project along with Boris Tadić, Eckart Höfling and Peter Gabriel. The award was presented by David Weinberger.
• October 30, 2008 — Wales is awarded the Business Process Award at the 7th Annual Innovation Awards and Summit by The Economist "for public collaboration as a form of product and content development."

أعمال منشورة

• Brooks, Robert (1994). "The Pricing of Index Options When the Underlying Assets All Follow a Lognormal Diffusion". Advances in Futures and Options Research. 7. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

الهامش

وصلات خارجية

Wikinews has related news: Jimmy Wales اقرأ اقتباسات ذات علاقة بجيمي ويلز، في فهم الاقتباس. مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:Jimmy Wales Jimmy Wales ]].

• Jimmy Wales, Wales' official blog
• User:Jimbo Wales, Wales' profile at the English Wikipedia
• Jimmy Wales في Internet Movie Database
• Jimmy Wales. (ogg vorbis) (152Mb). Wikipedia Academy. Event occurs at 58 minutes. Retrieved October 31, 2008. Unknown parameter |year2= ignored (help)
• Audio of interview with Wales about wikipedia on EconTalk podcast
• Wikipedia fundraising 2008: "Truth in Numbers" with subtitles at YouTube

نطقب:Wikipediahistory