لني ريفنشتال
| Leni Riefenstahl | |
|---|---|
|
Leni Riefenstahl by Alexander Binder
| |
| وُلـِد |
Helene Bertha Amalie Riefenstahl 22 أغسطس 1902 Berlin, German Empire |
| توفي | 8 سبتمبر 2003 (عن عمر 101 عاماً) Pöcking, Germany |
سبب الوفاة |
Cancer |
| المثوى | Munich Waldfriedhof |
| القومية | German Sudanese |
| المهنة | Dancer, actress, film director, producer, screenwriter, author |
| سنوات النشاط | 1925–2002 |
| مبعث الشهرة |
Triumph des Willens Olympia |
| الديانة | Lutheran |
| الزوج | Peter Jacob (1944–46) |
| الأقارب | Heinz (brother), Bertha (mother), Alfred (father) |
| المسقط الإلكتروني | Official website |
لني ريفنشتال Helene Bertha Amalie "Leni" Riefenstahl (1902 - 2003) فنانة سينمائية ألمانية. ريفنستال كانت صديقة مقربة لأدولف هتلر، بزغ نجمها في الثلاثينيات من القرن الماضي، قبل حتى يتم القبض عليها أعقاب هزيمة ألمانيا في الحرب العالمية الثانية. ثم إطلاق سراحها من دون تهم. اشتهرت بابتكارها لتقنيات مبدعة في مجال التصوير السينيمائي والإخراج، ومن أشهر أعمالها فوز الإرادة (Triumph of the Will)
وصفت بي بي سي أفلامها الوثائقية النازية على أنها طفرة في عالم صناعة الأفلام، مستخدمة عدة كاميرات في آن واحد وفي مسقط تصوير يعج بالرافعات والتجهيزات.
نشأتها
ولدت ليني لأسرة غنية وتدربت على الباليه في برلين في عمر السادسة عشر، واستمرت في تحقيق نجاحا ملحوظا في مجال الرقص، قبل حتى تنتقل للسينما، حيث سافرت عبر أوروبا مع ماكس ريندهارت لتقدم عروضا في الرقص التعبيري، بدعم من المنتج هاري سوكال، تعرضت لإصابة في ركبتها أثناء تقديمها لأحد العروض في پراگ، في نفس الأثناء بهرها مشاهدة وثائقي تدوأحداثه حول الجبال، ففكرت في خوض تجربة السينما وبالعمل سافرت لجبال الألب لملاقاة المنتج أرنولد فرانك، واستطاعت بعدها حتى تحصل على أدوارا مميزة في الكثير من الأعمال كان آخرها فيلم SOS Eisberg وهوانتاج أمريكي-ألماني مشهجر، وهوالفيلم الوحيد الذي مثلت فيه دورها باللغة الإنكليزية، وكان من أشهر المعجبين بأعمالها في هذا الوقت أدولف هتلر. بعد الفيلم صاحبت ريفنستال أرنولد فرانك لدورة الألعاب الأولمبية لعام 1928 في سان موريتز، حيث ازداد شغفا بتصوير الألعاب الرياضية.
عملها كمخرجة
أفلام الپروپاگندا
الحرب العالمية الثانية
مشاريع أفلام لم تكتمل بعد الحرب
In 1954, Jean Cocteau, who greatly admired the film, insisted on Tiefland being shown at the Cannes Film Festival, which he was running that year. In 1960, Riefenstahl attempted to prevent filmmaker Erwin Leiser from juxtaposing scenes from Triumph des Willens with footage from concentration camps in his film Mein Kampf. Riefenstahl had high hopes for a collaboration with Cocteau called Friedrich und Voltaire ("Friedrich and Voltaire"), wherein Cocteau was to play two roles. They thought the film might symbolize the love-hate relationship between Germany and France. Cocteau's illness and 1963 death put an end to the project. A musical remake of Das Blaue Licht ("The Blue Light") with L. Ron Hubbard, a science fiction writer and founder of Scientology, also fell apart.
In the 1960s, Riefenstahl became interested in Africa from Ernest Hemingway's Green Hills of Africa and from the photographs of George Rodger. She visited Kenya for the first time in 1956 and later Sudan, where she photographed Nuba tribes with whom she sporadically lived, learning about their culture so she could photograph them more easily. Even though her film project about modern slavery entitled Die Schwarze Fracht ("The Black Cargo") was never completed, Riefenstahl was able to sell the stills from the expedition to magazines in various parts of the world. While scouting shooting locations, she almost died from injuries received in a truck accident. After waking up from a coma in a Nairobi hospital, she finished writing the script, but was soon thoroughly thwarted by uncooperative locals, the Suez Canal crisis and bad weather. In the end, the film project was called off. Even so, Riefenstahl was granted Sudanese citizenship for her services to the country, becoming the first foreigner to receive a Sudanese passport.
وفاتها
Riefenstahl celebrated her 101st birthday on 22 August 2003 at a hotel in Feldafing, on Lake Starnberg, Bavaria, near her home. However, the day after her birthday celebration, she became ill.
Riefenstahl had been suffering from cancer for some time, and her health rapidly deteriorated during the last weeks of her life. Kettner said in an interview in 2002, "Ms. Riefenstahl is in great pain and she has become very weak and is taking painkillers". Leni Riefenstahl died in her sleep at around 10:00 pm onثمانية September 2003 at her home in Pöcking, Germany. After her death, there was a varied response in the obituary pages of leading publications, although most recognized her technical breakthroughs in film making.
ذكراها
أعمالها
أفلام مثلتها
- 1925: Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit ("Ways to Strength and Beauty")
- 1926: Der Heilige Berg ("The Holy Mountain")
- 1927: Der Große Sprung ("The Great Leap")
- 1928: Das Schicksal derer von Habsburg ("Fate of the House of Habsburg")
- 1929: Die Weisse Hölle vom Piz Palü ("The White Hell of Pitz Palu")
- 1930: Stürme über dem Mont Blanc ("Storm Over Mont Blanc")
- 1931: Der Weisse Rausch ("The White Ecstasy")
- 1932: Das Blaue Licht ("The Blue Light")
- 1933: S.O.S. Eisberg ("S.O.S. Iceberg")
- 1954: Tiefland ("Lowlands")
أفلام أخرجتها/أنتجتها
- 1932: Das Blaue Licht ("The Blue Light")
- 1933: Der Sieg des Glaubens ("The Victory of Faith")
- 1935: Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht ("Day of Freedom: Our Armed Forces")
- 1935: Triumph des Willens ("Triumph of the Will")
- 1937: Wilde Wasser ("Wild Water")
- 1938: Olympia
- 1954: Tiefland ("Lowlands")
- 1965: Allein unter den Nuba ("Alone Among the Nuba") (Unreleased)
- 2002: Impressionen unter Wasser ("Impressions under Water")
الخط
- Riefenstahl, Leni (1973). Die Nuba [The Last of the Nuba]. ISBN .
- Riefenstahl, Leni (1976). Die Nuba von Kau [The Nuba People of Kau]. ISBN .
- Riefenstahl, Leni (1978). Korallengärten [Coral Gardens]. ISBN .
- Riefenstahl, Leni (1982). Mein Afrika [Vanishing Africa]. ISBN .
- Riefenstahl, Leni (1987). Leni Riefenstahl's Memoiren [Leni Riefenstahl's Memoir]. ISBN .
- Riefenstahl, Leni (1990). Wunder unter Wasser [Wonder under Water]. ISBN .
- Riefenstahl, Leni (1995). Leni Riefenstahl: a memoir. New York: Picador USA. ISBN .
- Review: hooks, bell (1997). "Review: the feminazi mystique". Transition. Indiana University Press on behalf of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University via JSTOR. 73: 156–162. doi:10.2307/2935451. JSTOR 2935451.
- Riefenstahl, Leni (2002). Africa. ISBN .
- Riefenstahl, Leni (2002). Riefenstahl Olympia. ISBN .
مواضيع ذات صلة
- أدولف هتلر
- جوزيف گوبلز
- الحزب النازي
- ألمانيا النازية
- النادىية النازية
الهامش
- ^ Nazi Propaganda Films: A History and Filmograph by Rolf Giesen
- ^ bbc.com, Film-maker Leni Riefenstahl dies,تسعة September 2003, retrieved أربعة January 2008. Text from article: "Her Nazi documentaries were hailed as groundbreaking film-making, pioneering techniques involving cranes, tracking rails, and many cameras working at the same time".
- ^ Falcon, Richard (2003-09-09). "Leni Riefenstahl". London: الغارديان. pp. XX.
- ^ Thurman, Judith (2007-03-17). "Where There's a Will". New Yorker. pp. XX.
- ^ Williams, Val (2003-09-10). "Leni Riefenstahl". London: ذي إندبندنت. pp. XX.
- ^ Falcon 2003.
- ^ Hinton 2000, p. 135.
- ^ Hinton 2000, p. 136.
- ^ Rhiel, O'Sickey & Pages 2008, p. 244.
- ^ Moore 2003.
- ^ University of Washington 2008.
- ^ Salkeld 2011, p. 253.
- ^ Davis 2003.
- ^ "Leni Riefenstahl (Helene Riefenstahl)"
- ^ Fantz 2002.
- ^ Rhiel, O'Sickey & Pages 2008, p. 245.
المصادر
المطبوعة
- Aitken, Ian (2013). The Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film. Routledge. ISBN .
- Andrew, Geoff (1999). The Director's Vision: A Concise Guide to the Art of 250 Great Filmmakers. A Cappella. ISBN .
- Bernstein, Arnie (2013). Swastika Nation: Fritz Kuhn and the Rise and Fall of the German-American Bund. Macmillan. ISBN .
- Edmondson, Jacqueline (2007). Jesse Owens: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing. ISBN .
- Gale, Thomson (2007). Video Sourcebook: A Guide to Programs Currently Available on Video in the Areas Of: Movies/Entertainment, General Interest/Education, Sports/Recreation, Fine Arts, Heal. Cengage Learning. ISBN .
- Heck-Rabi, Louise (1984). Women Filmmakers: A Critical Reception. Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
- Hinton, David (2000). The Films of Leni Riefenstahl. Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
- Infield, Glenn (1976). Leni Riefenstahl: the Fallen Film Goddess. Crowell. ISBN .
- Kenrick, Donald (2006). The Final Chapter. University of Hertfordshire. ISBN .
- Langford, Michelle (2012). Directory of World Cinema: Germany. Intellect Books. ISBN .
- Rhiel, Mary; O'Sickey, Ingeborg; Pages, Neil (2008). Riefenstahl Screened: An Anthology of New Criticism. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN .
- Rother, Rainer (2003). Leni Riefenstahl: The Seduction of Genius. A&C Black. ISBN .
- Salkeld, Audrey (2011). A Portrait Of Leni Riefenstahl. Random House. ISBN .
- Tomlinson, Alan (2012). National Identity and Global Sports Events: Culture, Politics, and Spectacle in the Olympics and the Football World Cup. SUNY Press. ISBN .
- Trimborn, Jürgen (2008). Leni Riefenstahl: A Life. Faber & Faber. ISBN .
Online
- Buruma, Ian (14 June 2007). "Fascinating Narcissim". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- "Before Steven Speilberg there Was Leni Riefenstahl!". Crime File News. 28 December 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Connolly, Kate (18 August 2002). "Gypsies' Fate Gaunts Film Muse of Hitler". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- Corliss, Richard (22 August 2002). "That Old Feeling: Leni's Triumph". Time Magazine. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Davis, David (12 September 2003). "Pro-Nazi Filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl, 101, Dies". The Forward. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- Downing, Taylor (8 August 2012). "The Olympics on Film". History Today. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Ebert, Roger (24 June 1994). "The Wonderful, Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl". The Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Erickson, Hal. "Triumph of the Will". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Fantz, Ashley (1 October 2002). "Happy Birthday, Leni Riefenstahl". Salon. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Falcon, Richard (9 September 2003). "Leni Riefenstahl". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- "Fascinating Fascism". The New York Review of Books.ستة February 1976. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- Graham, Cooper (1993). "Olympia in America, 1938: Leni Riefenstahl, Hollywood, and the Kristallnacht" (PDF). Library of Congress. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- Harris, Paul (29 April 2007). "Hollywood Tackles Hitler's Leni". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- "Her Films Glorified Hitler now Leni Riefenstahl's Story Hits the Screen". The Scotsman. 11 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- "Hitler's Filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl Celebrates 101st Birthday". Haaretz. 22 August 2003. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- "Hitler's Filmmaker to Release New Film". BBC News.سبعة January 2002. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- James, Clive (25 March 2007). "Reich Star". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- Jagernauth, Kevin (11 March 2011). "Steven Soderbergh Reveals He Dropped A Leni Riefenstahl Biopic To Do 'Contagion' Instead". The Playlist. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Johnson, Greg (22 August 2014). "Remembering Leni Riefenstahl: August 22, 1902 – September 8, 2003". Counter-Currents Publishing. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- Kennicott, Phillip (29 November 2005). "Art of Justice: The Filmmakers at Nuremberg". The Washington Post. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- Kit, Borys (29 September 2014). Game of Thrones' Actress to Play Leni Riefenstahl in Jesse Owens Biopic". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
- "Leni Riefenstahl 1902 – 2003". HSC Online (Charles Sturt University). Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- "Leni Riefenstahl: The Casualty of Triumph". World Press Review. 22 August 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- "Leni Riefenstahl Biography". University of Washington. 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- "Leni Riefenstahl Biography". Leni Riefenstahl. 2001. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- "Leni Riefenstahl Hurt In Sudan Crash". BBC News. 1 March 2001. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Mathews, Thomas. "Leni: The Life and Work of Leni Riefenstahl, by Steven Bach". The Independent. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- Morris, Gary (1 November 1999). "Lonesome Leni: Wonderful, Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl". Bright Lights Film Journal. Retrieved 4 January 2008.
- Moore, Charles (10 September 2003). "Leni Riefenstahl". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- "Moschino". The New Yorker. 1994. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Müller, Ray (23 March 1999). (television documentary). Omega Film GmbH. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- "Nazi Propaganda Photos Withdrawn". BBC News. 25 June 2005. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- Riding, Alan (10 September 2003). "Leni Riefenstahl, Film Innovator Tied to Hitler, Dies at 101". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- ". Find a Grave. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Rollyson, Carl (7 March 2007). "Leni Riefenstahl on Trial". The New York Sun. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- Taylor, Charles (29 April 2007). "I'll Will". The Nation. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- "American Publicity Tour With Olympia". F-R Publishing Corporation. 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- Robert, Douglas (31 August 2013). "The Unrepentant Leni Riefenstahl". Critics At Large. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- Smith, Sandra (11 September 2003). "What They Said About... Leni Riefenstahl". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Steinberg, Stefan (15 September 2003). "Leni Riefenstahl – Propagandist For the Third Reich". International Committee of the Fourth International. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- Thurman, Judith (29 March 2007). "Where There's a Will: the Rise of Leni Riefenstahl". The New Yorker. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- "Triumph of the Will". The History Place. 2001. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- Trimborn, Jürgen (25 March 2007). "Leni Riefenstahl". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- "Valeria Schulczová, Roman Olekšák: Leni" (in Slovak). Slovenské Národné Divadlo (SND). 15 April 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2015.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Whipp, Glenn (16 August 2009). "Quentin Tarantino's 'Basterds' Is a Glorious Mash-up". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Leni Riefenstahl. |
- Official website
- Leni Riefenstahl at Jewish Virtual Library
- Leni Riefenstahl at the Internet Movie Database
نطقب:Leni Riefenstahl
