استخدام عقوبة الإعدام حسب البلد
عقوبة الإعدام استخدمت تقريبا في جميع جزء من العالم ، ولكن في العقود القليلة الماضية الكثير من البلدان التي قامت بإلغائها. منظمة العفوالدولية تصنف البلدان إلى أربع فئات :
- 59 دولة تبقي على عقوبة الإعدام في القانون والممارسة على حد سواء. (أيضا قوائم السلطة الفلسطينية)
- 91 قامت بإلغائها. (أيضا قوائم & جزر كوك ونيوي)
- 10 الابقاء عليه عن الجرائم التي ارتكبت في ظروف استثنائية (كما في زمن الحرب).
- 35 يسمح باستخدامه بالنسبة للجرائم العادية ، غير أنها لم تستخدم لمدة لا تقل عنعشرة سنوات.
وبالإضافة إلى ذلك ، البلدان الخمسة إعدام الأحداث. [1]) وفي بعض البلدان على ممارسة الإعدام خارج نطاق القضاء بشكل متبتر أومنهجية خاصة بها رسميا خارج الأطر القانونية ويحدث. هذه القائمة تضم أقل عدد من الدول غير المعترف بها مع سيطرة عملية على أراضيها والأنطقيم التابعة لها ، التي لا تدرج في الأرقام المذكورة أعلاه ، باستثناء ما.
Death Penalty World Map
Legend
██ Abolished for all crimes ██ Abolished for crimes not committed in exceptional circumstances (such as crimes committed in time of war) ██ Abolished in practice ██ Legal form of punishment
Legend
██ Abolished for all crimes ██ Abolished for crimes not committed in exceptional circumstances (such as crimes committed in time of war) ██ Abolished in practice ██ Legal form of punishment
Note: The tables can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the ملف:TableSortIconExample.gif icon.
Africa
Executions in 2007: Botswana (1), Egypt (?), Equatorial Guinea (3), Ethiopia (1), Libya (9), Somalia (5), Sudan (7)
| Key | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| الجزائر | 1993, August | Treason and espionage; attempts to change the regime or actions aimed at incitement; destruction of territory, sabotage to public and economic utilities; massacres and slaughters; participation in armed bands or in insurrectionary movements; counterfeiting; murder; acts of torture or cruelty; kidnapping; aggravated theft | ||
| أنگولا | 1992 (by Constitution) | |||
| بنين | 1987 | armed robbery; Murder; traffickers involved in "labor exploitation" | ||
| بتسوانا | 2007 | Murder; treason; attempt on the life of the head of state; mutiny; desertion in the face of the enemy | ||
| بوركينا فاسو | 1988 | Treason | ||
| بوروندي | 2000 or later | 2008, November 22 | ||
| الكاميرون | 1997, January | Secession; espionage; incitement to war | ||
| الرأس الأخضر | 1835 | 1981 (by Constitution) | ||
| جمهورية أفريقيا الوسطى | 1981 | Treason; espionage; charlatanism; witchcraft; assassination; murder | ||
| تشاد | 2003 | Murder | ||
| جزر القمر | 1997 | |||
| الكونغوالديمقراطية | 2003 | |||
| الكونغو | 1982 | |||
| ساحل العاج | None since independence | 2000 | ||
| جيبوتي | None since independence | 1995 | ||
| مصر | 2007 | Rape, if accompanied by kidnapping of the victim; murder; treason; organized drug trafficking. | ||
| غينيا الإستوائية | 2007 | |||
| إرتريا | ||||
| إثيوپيا | 2007, August | Murder | ||
| الگابون | 1981 | |||
| گامبيا | 1981 | Treason. Abolished 1993 but was reinstated by Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council in August 1995 | ||
| غانا | 1993 | Murder; treason; armed robbery | ||
| غينيا-بيساو | 1986 | 1993 (by Constitution) | ||
| غينيا | 2001 | Murder | ||
| كنيا | 1987 | Murder and armed robbery | ||
| لسوتو | 1984 | |||
| ليبريا | 1995 | On September 16 2005 Liberia acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, abolishing the death penalty, but re-introduced elements of it in July, 2008. | ||
| ليبيا | 2008 | High treason; attempt to forcibly change the form of government; premeditated murder | ||
| مدغشقر | 1958 | |||
| ملاوي | 1992 | |||
| مالي | 1980 | |||
| موريتانيا | 1987 | Sodomy; apostasy (no recorded executions). | ||
| موريشيوس | 1987 | 1995 | ||
| المغرب | 1993 | Terrorism. An abolition law project is being presented to the Parliament of Morocco in spring 2007. (see Human rights in Morocco#Capital punishment) | ||
| موزمبيق | 1986 | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
| ناميبيا | 1988 | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
| النيجر | 1976 | |||
| نيجريا | 2001 | Sodomy. Each of the 36 states has its own laws. In the north of the country the legal system used is Sharia (Islamic law) | ||
| رواندا | 1998 | 2007 | ||
| الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية | 1976 | The Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic outlaws the death penalty: Article 13 from the 1991 revision reads "The death penalty is banned" (translated into الإنگليزية from the Arabic.) | ||
| ساوتومه وپرنسيپه | None since independence | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
| السنغال | 1967 | 2004, December 10 | ||
| سيشل | None since independence | 1993 (by Constitution) | ||
| سيراليون | 1998, October | Treason; Murder; aggravated robbery. Under the Special Court for Sierra Leone the death penalty is not a punishment for war crimes | ||
| الصومال | 2008 | After the breakdown of de jure government, most regions reverted to Islamic law | ||
| أرض الصومال | ||||
| جنوب أفريقيا | 1991, January 31 | 1997 | On 25 May, 2005 the Constitutional Court ordered that all remaining death sentences in the country be set aside and the prisoners resentenced. This last execution occurred in the internationally unrecognised Black "homelands". The last execution in Pretoria Central Prison was on November 14 1989. | |
| السودان | 2007 | Sodomy ; Waging war against the state; apostasy; prostitution; treason; acts that may endanger the independence or unity of the state; murder; armed robbery; weapons possession and smuggling | ||
| سوازيلاند | 1983 | Murder
; treason |
||
| تنزانيا | 1994 | Murder; Treason | ||
| توگو | 1978 | Premeditated murder; plots against the security of the state | ||
| تونس | 1991 | Murder; violence and aggression; attacks against the internal security of the state; attacks against the external security of the state | ||
| أوغندا | 2003 | Treason; Terrorism; Murder; Rape; defilement; aggravated robbery; aggravated kidnapping. On June 14, 2005 the Constitutional Court ruled that the death penalty was constitutional but its use as a mandatory punishment for certain crimes was not. | ||
| زامبيا | 1997 | Murder; aggravated robbery; high treason. President Levy Mwanawasa stated in 2004 that "For as long as I remain President, I will not execute a death warrant." | ||
| زيمبابوي | 2003, June | Drug trafficking; treason; murder; mutiny |
أسيا
Executions in 2007: Afghanistan (15), Bangladesh (6), People's Republic of China (470+), Indonesia (2), Iran (244), Iraq (29), Japan (9), North Korea (9), Kuwait (1), Pakistan (31), Saudi Arabia (140), Singapore (2), Syria (5), Vietnam (25), Yemen (8)
| Key | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| أفغانستان | 2007, October 8 | Murder; child smuggling in order to use the victim's body parts; apostasy (see Abdul Rahman (convert)) | ||
| أرمنيا | 1991 | 2003 | ||
| أذربيجان | 1992 | 1998 | ||
| البحرين | 2008 | Premeditated murder; plotting to topple the regime; collaborating with a foreign hostile country; threatening the life of the Emir; defiance of military orders in time of war or martial law | ||
| بنگلادش | 2007 | Murder ; drug offences ; Trafficking in children for immoral or illegal purposes; trafficking in women for purposes of prostitution | ||
| بوتان | 1974 | 2004 | ||
| بروناي | 1957 | Murder; unlawful possession of firearms and explosives; possession of heroin or morphine of more than 15 grams, cocaine of more than 30 grams, cannabis of more than 500 grams, syabu or methamphetamine of more than 50 grams, or opium of more than 1.2 kg | ||
| كمبوديا | 1989 | 1989 (by Constitution) | ||
| الصين | 2008 | Embezzlement; rape of children; fraud; bombing; people trafficking; piracy; theft; corruption; arson; murder; "endangering national security"; terrorism (see Capital punishment in the People's Republic of China) (The two special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macau, have abolished the death penalty.) | ||
| تايوان | 2005 | Since 2004, most death sentences have been informally given moratorium by President Chen Shui-bian except serious murders. (see Capital punishment in Taiwan) |
||
| تيمور الشرقية | 1999 | |||
| هونگ كونگ | 1966 | 1993* | *when Hong Kong was under British rule, and remains so after the handover to the People's Republic of China. | |
| الهند | 2004, August 14 | Murder; instigating a child's suicide; treason; acts of terrorism; a second conviction for drug trafficking. For more information see Capital punishment in India | ||
| إندونيسيا | 2008, November 9 | Drug trafficking; Terrorism | ||
| إيران | 2008 | Sodomy; armed robbery; terrorism; drug trafficking; kidnapping and rape; homosexuality; murder. Accounts for two-thirds of the global total of child offender executions | ||
| العراق | 2008 | Murder; endangering national security; distributing drugs; rape; attacks on transport convoys; financing and execution of terrorism. Suspended in April 2003 after 2003 invasion; reinstated May 2005. | ||
| إسرائيل | 1962 | 1954 (for other crimes) | Crimes against humanity, high treason. Only two executions: traitor Meir Tobiansky and high-ranking Nazi Adolf Eichmann. | |
| اليابان | 2008, June 17 | Prosecutors push for the death penalty only in the case of multiple murders, or single murder with aggravating circumstances. Judges usually impose death penalty in case of multiple homicides. Between 1946 and 2003 766 people were sentenced to death, 608 of whom were executed. For 40 months from 1989 to 1993 successive ministers of justice refused to authorise executions, which amounted to an informal moratorium. | ||
| الأردن | 2005 | Murder | ||
| قزخستان | 2003 | 2007 | Terrorism, crimes in wartime. Moratorium since 17 December, 2003 | |
| جورجيا | 1995 | 1997 | ||
| كوريا الشمالية | 2008 | Prostitution; “drug transactions”; plots against national sovereignty; terrorism; treason against the Motherland by citizens; treason against the people; murder | ||
| كوريا الجنوبية | 1997-12-30 | Murder . There has been an unofficial moratorium on executions since President Kim Dae-jung took office in February 1998. | ||
| الكويت | 2007 | Drug trafficking; rape; murder | ||
| قيرغيزستان | None since independence | 2007 | Kyrgyz authorities have extended a moratorium on executions each year since 1998. | |
| لاوس | 1989 | Drugs trafficking | ||
| لبنان | 2004 | Murder | ||
| مكاو | The death penalty is prohibited, including since the handover to the People's Republic of China. The maximum possible sentence is imprisonment for 30 years. | |||
| ماليزيا | 2006 | Mandatory for trafficking in dangerous drugs; discharging a firearm in the commission of a scheduled offence; accomplices in case of discharge of firearm; offences against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong’s person; murder. Discretionary for kidnapping; consorting with a person carrying or having possession of arms or explosives; waging or attempting to wage war or abetting the waging of war against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri | ||
| المالديڤ | 1952 | Murder | ||
| منغوليا | 2005 | Terrorist acts committed for political purposes; terrorist acts against representatives of a foreign State for political purposes; sabotage; premeditated murder committed with aggravating circumstances; rape with aggravating circumstances; armed robbery. According to Amnesty International, executions were carried out in secret and there are no official statistics | ||
| ميانمار | 1993 | High treason | ||
| قرة باغ | Never | de facto moratorium on executions since 1997 | ||
| نيپال | 1979 | 1997 (by Constitution) | ||
| عُمان | 2001 | Murder; Drug trafficking | ||
| پاكستان | 2008 | Murder; sodomy; gang rape; mutiny. (See Capital punishment in Pakistan) | ||
| السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية | 2005 | Murder; Rape; Collaborating with Israeli forces to assassinate Palestinians. There had been an unofficial moratorium since 2002 after President Yasser Arafat stopped authorising executions. | ||
| الفلپين | 2000 | 2006, June 24 | Abolished in 1987 under the present constititution, re-introduced in 1993, re-abolished on June 24, 2006 under Republic Act No. 9346. | |
| قطر | 2001 | Espionage; Threat to national security; Apostasy(no recorded executions | ||
| السعودية | 2008 | Many violent and nonviolent offenses, including murder; apostasy; drug offenses; witchcraft; sexual misconduct.. Method most often used is beheading by a sword | ||
| سنغافورة | 2009 | Murder; kidnapping; treason; certain firearm offenses; trafficking in more than 15 grams of heroin or morphine, 30 grams of cocaine or 500 grams of cannabis (see capital punishment in Singapore) | ||
| سريلانكا | 1976, June 23 | Murder; perjury causing an innocent person to be executed; rape; drug trafficking. Moratorium from 1976 to 2003, reinstated in 2004[بحاجة لمصدر], however no executions have been carried out. | ||
| سوريا | 2007 | Treason; murder; political acts such as bearing arms against Syria in the ranks of the enemy, desertion of the armed forces to the enemy and acts of incitement under martial law or in wartime; violent robbery; rape; verbal opposition to the government; membership of the Muslim Brotherhood | ||
| طاجيكستان | 2004 | Murder with aggravating circumstances; rape with aggravating circumstances; terrorism; biocide; genocide. Moratorium introduced 30 April, 2004 by President Emomalii Rahmon | ||
| تايلند | 2003, December 12 | Regicide; sedition or rebellion; offences committed against the external security of Thailand; murder or attempted murder of a foreign head of state; bribery; arson; rape; murder with intent; kidnapping; robbery resulting in death. For a full list see here (PDF) | ||
| هجرمنستان | 1997 | 1999 (by Constitution) | ||
| الإمارات العربية المتحدة | 2002 | Murder; Drug offences; homosexuality; Rape; treason; aggravated robbery; apostasy; environmental pollution; terrorism | ||
| اوزبكستان | 2005 | 2008 | President Islom Karimov signed a decree on 1 August 2005 that replaced the death penalty with life imprisonment on 1 January 2008 | |
| ڤيتنام | 2007 | Treason; taking action to overthrow the government; espionage; rebellion; banditry; terrorism; sabotage; hijacking; destruction of national security projects; undermining peace; war crimes; crimes against humanity; manufacturing, concealing and trafficking in narcotic substances; murder; rape; robbery; embezzlement; fraud | ||
| اليمن | 2008 | Murder ; Adultery; homosexuality; Apostasy (no recorded executions) |
أوروربا
Executions in 2008: Belarus (3)
| Key | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ألبانيا | 1995 | 2007 | Ratification of Protocol No. 13 of ECHR took place on February 6th, 2007, in effect by June 1st, 2007. | |
| أندورا | 1943 | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
| النمسا | 1950 | 1968 (by Constitution) | ||
| بلاروس | 2008, February | Acts of aggression; murder of a representative of a foreign state or international organization with the intention to provoke international tension or war; international terrorism; genocide; crimes against the security of humanity; murder with aggravating circumstances; terrorism; terrorist acts; treason that results in loss of life; conspiracy to seize power; sabotage; murder of a police officer; use of weapons of mass destruction; and violations of the laws and customs of war (see Capital punishment in Belarus) | ||
| بلجيكا | 1863 for common law crimes; 1950 for war crimes | 1996 (by Constitution) | ||
| البوسنة والهرسك | Never | 1995 (by Constitution) | ||
| بلغاريا | 1989 | 1998 | ||
| كرواتيا | 1973 | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
| قبرص | 1962 | 2002 | Capital punishment for murder abolished in 1983. | |
| التشيك | 1989 | 1990 (by Constitution) | For more info see Capital punishment in the Czech Republic. | |
| الدنمارك | 1892 for common law crimes; 1950 for war crimes | 1930; reinstated 1952-1978 | Capital punishment was reinstated 1952-1978 in the civil penalty law for crimes committed under extreme circumstances and related to war or high treason. For more info see Capital punishment in Denmark. | |
| إستونيا | 1991 | 1998 | ||
| الاتحاد الأوروپي | ? | ? | criterion for admission | |
| فنلندا | 1944 | 1972 (by Constitution) | ||
| فرنسا | 1977 | 1981 | Forbidden by law in 1981 and by Constitution in 2007. | |
| ألمانيا | none by FRG authorities | 1949 (FRG)/1951 (West Berlin)/1987 (GDR) | Last execution in West Germany, 1956, by US military authorities); in East Germany, 1981. Prohibited by the Basic Law since 1949. | |
| اليونان | 1972 | 2004 | Abolished in 1975 except for high treason in time of war; abolished completely in 2004 | |
| المجر | 1989 | 1990 | ||
| آيسلندا | 1830 | 1928 | Abolished in 1928; reintroduction made unconstitutional in 1995 by unanimous vote of parliament | |
| أيرلندا | 1954 | 1990 | 21st Amendment to the Constitution (2001) passed by national referendum made reintroduction unconstitutional without a further constitutional amendment (and referendum). Until recently it was still technically lawful to execute the murderer of a police officer; however, in practice this never occurred, likely due to widespread moral objection. | |
| إيطاليا | 1947 | 1994 | Abolished except in time of war in 1948 (by the Constitution). Abolished from the military penal code in 1994. Constitution amended in 2007 to make reintroduction unconstitutional without a further constitutional amendment. | |
| كوسوڤو | 2008 (by Constitution) | |||
| لاتڤيا | 1996 | 1999 (for other crimes) | murder with aggravating circumstances if committed during wartime | |
| ليختنشتاين | 1785 | 1987 | ||
| لتوانيا | 1995 | 1998 | ||
| لوكسمبورگ | 1949 | 1979 (by Constitution) | ||
| جمهورية مقدونيا | 1988 | 1991 (by Constitution) | ||
| مالطا | 1943 | 2000 | Capital punishment for murder abolished in 1971; part of the military code until 2000. | |
| جزيرة مان | 1872 | 1993 | ||
| مولدوڤا | 1985 | 1995 | On September 23 2005 the Moldovan Constitutional Court approved constitutional amendments that abolished the death penalty. | |
| موناكو | 1847 | 1962 (by Constitution) | ||
| الجبل الأسود | 1992 | 1995 | ||
| هولندا | 1952 | 1982 (by Constitution) | Abolished for peacetime offences in 1870, last execution for peacetime offences 1860 | |
| النرويج | 1948 | 1979 | Abolished for peacetime offences in 1902, last execution for peacetime offences 1876 | |
| پولندا | 1988 | 1997 | A criminal law reform including reintroducion of death penalty was proposed in 2004 by Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, but lost its first reading vote in the Sejm by 198 to 194 with 14 abstentions). It is said that this was only a populism, as Poland was in the European Union and so this initiative hardly had a chance. | |
| الپرتغال | 1849 (last woman in 1763) | 1976 (by Constitution) | Abolished for political crimes in 1852 (per Additional Act to the Constitutional Charter); abolished for all crimes except in time of war in 1867; abolished in time of war in 1911. | |
| رومانيا | December 25, 1989 | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
| روسيا | 1999 | Murder with aggravating circumstances; assassination attempt against a state or public figure; attempt on the life of a person administering justice or preliminary investigations; attempt on the life of a law-enforcement officer; genocide. On 16 April, 1997 Russia signed the Sixth Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, but has yet to ratify it. There has been a moratorium on executions since 1996; no executions in the Russian Federation since August 1996, though one took place in 1999 in the Chechen Republic | ||
| سان مارينو | 1468 | 1865 | ||
| صربيا | 1992 | 1995 | Abolished in 1995 on Federal level, local legislation adjusted in 2002 | |
| سلوڤاكيا | 1989 | 1990 (by Constitution) | ||
| سلوڤنيا | 1957 | 1989 (by Constitution) | ||
| إسپانيا | 1975, September 27 | 1995 | Abolished in 1978 by constitution except for military laws during wartime. | |
| السويد | 1910, November 23 | 1972 | Peacetime offences 1921, Wartime offences 1973. Constitutionally prohibited since 1975. | |
| سويسرا | 1944 | 1874/1938/1992 | Abolished in 1874, later permitted again and practiced by a few states (nine executions up to 1940). Abolished by popular vote in 1938, except for wartime military crimes, for which it was abolished in 1992. | |
| ترانسنيستريا | never | Murder; attempt to murder a state or public official; armed rebellion; attempt to murder a magistrate or investigator; attempt to murder a law enforcement agent; genocide. Moratorium since 1 يناير, 1999 | ||
| هجريا | 1984, October 25 | 2004, July 21 (by Constitution) | ||
| قبرص الشمالية | Never | Treason during wartime, acts of terrorism and piracy jure gentium (by the law of nations), and for repeated murders | ||
| أوكرانيا | 1997, March | 2000 | Abolished February 2000 after the Constitutional Court ruled the death penalty unconstitutional in December 1999. New criminal code passed in April 2001. | |
| المملكة المتحدة | 1964, August 13 | 1998/2003 | Abolished for murder in 1969 (officially suspended for five years in 1965) in Great Britain and 1973 in Northern Ireland. Abolished for arson in royal dockyards in 1971. Abolished for all remaining offences (high treason, piracy with violence and offences under military jurisdiction) in 1998. European Convention ratified in 2003 confirming total abolition. See Capital punishment in the United Kingdom | |
| الڤاتيكان | 1870, Julyتسعة (Papal States) | 1969 |
أمريكا الشمالية والكاريبي
Executions in 2007: United States (42)
| Key | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| أنتيگا وبربودا | 1991, February 2 | Murder | ||
| البهاما | 2000, January 6 | Treason; Piracy; Murder | ||
| بربادوس | 1984, October 10 | Murder; Treason | ||
| بليز | 1985, June | Murder, except where extenuating circumstances can be proved | ||
| برمودا | 1977 | 2000 | ||
| كندا | 1962, December 11 | 1976 | For more information see Capital punishment in Canada | |
| كوستاريكا | 1859 | 1877 (by Constitution) | ||
| كوبا | 2003 | Commuted most to prison terms of 30 years to life | ||
| دومنيكا | 1986, August 8 | |||
| جمهورية الدومنيكان | 1966 | 1966 (by Constitution) | ||
| السلڤادور | 1973 | 1983 (for other crimes) | May be imposed only in cases provided by military laws during a state of international war | |
| گرينادا | 1978 | |||
| گواتيمالا | 2000 | |||
| هايتي | 1972 | 1987 (by Constitution) | ||
| هندوراس | 1940 | 1956(by Constitution) | ||
| جامايكا | 1988 | Murder | ||
| المكسيك | 1937 | 1917(for other crimes)/2005 | Death penalty abolished by Constitution in 1917 except for military crimes, 2005 all crimes. Since the kidnap and murder of 14-year-old Fernando Marti in July 2008 at the hands of an organized group of criminals that included police officers, there has been social pressure to reinstate capital punishment and the issue is about to be brought up in Congress. | |
| نيكاراگوا | 1930 | 1979 (by Constitution) | ||
| پنما | 1903 | 1903 (by Constitution) | ||
| سانت كيتس ونڤيس | 2008, December 19 | Murder | ||
| سانت لوشيا | 1995, October 17 | Murder; Treason | ||
| سانت ڤنسنت والگرنادينز | 1995, February 13 | Murder; Treason | ||
| ترنيداد وتوباگو | 1999, July 28 | Murder; Treason | ||
| جزر هجرس وكايكوس | 2002 | |||
| الولايات المتحدة | 2008 | Federal Law provides the death penalty for many homicide-related crimes; espionage; treason; trafficking large quantities of drugs.; 36 of 50 states still exercise the death penalty. In practice, used only for murder; conspiracy to commit murder; treason. Sentences of death may be handed down by a jury or a judge, depending upon the jurisdiction. For more information see Capital punishment in the United States. |
أوقيانوسيا
Executions in 2007: none
| Key | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| أستراليا | 1967, February 3 | 1922 - 1985 | Queensland 1922, Tasmania 1968, the Commonwealth 1973, Northern Territory 1973, ACT 1973, Victoria: 1975, South Australia 1976, Western Australia 1984, New South Wales 1985. For more information see Capital punishment in Australia. | |
| جزر كوك | none since self-government | 2007 | For more information see Capital punishment in the Cook Islands | |
| فيجي | 1964 | 1979 (for other crimes) | Only for crimes under the Republic of Fiji Military Forces Act | |
| كيريباس | none since independence | 1979 | ||
| جزر مارشال | none since independence | 1986 (by Constitution) | ||
| ميكرونزيا | none since independence | 1986 (by Constitution) | ||
| ناورو | none since independence | Treason; Piracy; Murder | ||
| نيوزيلندا | 1957, February 17 | 1989 | For more information see Capital punishment in New Zealand | |
| نيووِيْ | ||||
| پالاو | none since independence | 1994 | ||
| پاپوا غينيا الجديدة | 1950 | Treason; Piracy; Attempted piracy; willful murder | ||
| ساموا | 1950s | 2004, January 21 | ||
| جزر سولومون | none since independence | 1978 | ||
| تونگا | 1982 | Treason; Murder | ||
| توڤالو | none since independence | 1978 | ||
| ڤانواتو | none since independence | 1980 |
أمريكا الجنوبية
Executions in 2007: none
| Key | Country | Last Execution | Abolished | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| الأرجنتين | 1916 | 1984 (for other crimes)/2009 | Constitution states "The penalty of death for political offences, all kinds of torture, and flogging, are forever abolished." The Military Code of Justice (including the death penalty) was abolished on August 6, 2008, thus the law will be in force within six months. | |
| بوليڤيا | 1974 | 1997 (for other crimes) | ||
| البرازيل | 1855/1876 | 1891 (by Constitution) | 1855 in Macaé, RJ, was the last execution signed by emperor Dom Pedro II, since 1857 abolitionist, while the 1876 execution in Pilar, AL, appears no appeal had been made. Under the Republic, capital punishment had disappeared by 1890 in the then new penal code, but was reintroduced as laws of exception between 1938 and 1945 by the Vargas dictature (1930-1945) and once more between 1969 and 1978 by the military dictature (1964-1985); no sentence has been carried out. Death penalty continues for "serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime" | |
| تشيلي | 1985 | 2001 (for other crimes) | Although it has been completely abolished from civil justice, it may still be applied for military justice for exceptional crimes. In practice, this does not occur. The last execution took place in 1985. | |
| كولومبيا | 1909 | 1910 (by Constitution) | Prohibited by the Colombian Constitution of 1991: "The right to life is inviolable. There will be no death penalty." | |
| الإكوادور | 1884 | 1906 (by Constitution) | ||
| گويانا | 1997 | terrorist acts; Murder; mass murder; rape; willful murder; treason; torture. The constitution states that it is not a mandatory punishment. | ||
| پاراگواي | 1928 | 1992 (by Constitution) | ||
| پيرو | 1979 | 1979 (for other crimes) | Treason in time of war; Terrorism | |
| سورينام | 1982 | 1987(by treaty) | Abolished by signing the treaty of San Jose, formally it is not abolished. Aggravated murder; premeditated murder; treason | |
| أوروگواي | 1905 | 1907 (by Constitution) | ||
| ڤنزويلا | 1863 (by Constitution) |
انظر أيضاً
- List of most recent executions by jurisdiction
المصادر
- ^ http://www.omct.org/pdf/procedures/2004/joint/s_violence_benin_sum_recom_10_2004.pdf (PDF)
- ^ United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - Summary Record - Benin
- ^ Benin
- ^ http://www.politinfo.com/articles/article_2004_04_8_2302.html
- ^ Burundi: Imminent resumption of executions or summary trials and executions | Amnesty International
- ^ http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=256152&version=1&template_id=39&parent_id=21 Burundi abolishes death penalty, outlaws gays and protects women
- ^ British Commonwealth:
- ^ University of Minnesota Template Page
- ^ Human Rights Committee Considers The Situation In The Central African Republic
- ^ Chad: Death penalty / Fear of imminent execution | Amnesty International
- ^ The death penalty: List of abolitionist and retentionist countries (October 1996) | Amnesty International
- ^ Document Information | Amnesty International
- ^ West Africa: Time to abolish the death penalty\n\n | Amnesty International
- ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | Ethiopia executes spy boss killer
- ^ Concluding Observations/Comments - Gabon
- ^ West Africa: Time to abolish the death penalty\n\n | Amnesty International
- ^ Guinea: Death Penalty/fear of imminent execution | Amnesty International
- ^ Armed robbery, terrorism and hijacking capital offenses&Death penalty under fire
- ^ The Trial In Libya - Libyan Court System And Criminal Justice
- ^ The death penalty worldwide: developments in 2004 | Amnesty International
- ^ Sodomylaws.Org
- ^ Copyright © 2007 Barnabas Fund | Islamic Teaching on the Consequences of Apostasy from Islam
- ^ Sodomylaws.Org
- ^ Rwanda's ban on executions helps bring genocide justice - CNN.com
- ^ Pazzanita, Anthony G. and Hodges, Tony, ed. (1994) [1994]. Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara (in English) (Second Edition ed.). Metuchen, نيوجرزي, United States, and لندن, United Kingdom: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 381. ISBN .CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: extra text (link)
- ^ Sierra Leone: Amnesty International expresses dismay atعشرة death sentences for treason | Amnesty International
- ^ Sodomylaws.Org
- ^ afrika.no - Sudan: Attorney General expects death penalty for islamist coup plotters
- ^ The Clarion Issue - Column
- ^ http://www.cidi.org/humanitarian/irin/safrica/00a/0020.html
- ^ Death Penalty News: September 2002 | Amnesty International
- ^ [1][]
- ^ Human Rights House Uganda: Death row inmates put their own penalty on trial
- ^ [2][]
- ^ Overview of the death penalty worlwide in 2007
- ^ BBC NEWS | South Asia | Fifteen executed in Afghanistan
- ^ Country
- ^ Zee News - MP murder case: Bangla court awards death penalty to 22
- ^ Travel Advice for Bangladesh - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
- ^ Bangladesh
- ^ Brunei
- ^ People's Republic of China: Executed "according to law"? The death penalty in China\n\n | Amnesty International
- ^ INDOlink - India General News: Dhananjoy Chatterjee Hanged In Kolkata Jail
- ^ INternational Herald Tribune Indonesia to execute 2 Nigerian drug smugglers to mark UN anti-drug day
- ^ The death penalty worldwide: developments in 2004 | Amnesty International
- ^ BBC NEWS | World | Asia-Pacific | Executions spark Indonesia unrest
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةHRW - ^ http://newstandardnews.net/content/?action=show_item&itemid=799 http://www.truthout.org/docs_04/080904Z.shtml
- ^ [3][]
- ^ Japan Today | Serial child killer Tsutomu Miyazaki, 2 others executed
- ^ washingtonpost.com: Why Japan Still Has the Death Penalty
- ^ [4][]
- ^ Document Information | Amnesty International
- ^ Kazakhstan Set To "Virtually" Abolish Death Penalty
- ^
- ^
- ^
-
^ Library of Congress Country Study: North Korea:
Government: The Judiciary · National Security: The Judiciary · National Security: Punishment and the Penal System - ^
- ^ vol. 171, no. 12 2008-03-31
- ^ South Korea: Death penalty abolition - historic opportunity
- ^ Kyrgyzstan Abolishes Death Penalty - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY
- ^ Kyrgyzstan - Abolition of the death penalty by Kyrgyzstan (June 28, 2007) - Ministère des Affaires étrangères
- ^ Amnesty International
- ^ Lebanon: Further Information on Death penalty/imminent execution | Amnesty International
- ^ Article 39 of the Penal Code (صينية تقليدية: 刑法典, Portuguese: Código Penal) of Macao published in 13 November 1995 in traditional Chinese and Portuguese. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
- ^ Article 41 of the Penal Code of Macao, http://www.unesco.org.mo/eng/law/6penal.html
- ^ Xinhua - English
- ^ Malaysia independent news
- ^ Maldives - Family demands death penalty for woman's murder
- ^ http://www.asiapacificforum.net/activities/annual_meetings/eighth/mongolia_acj.htm http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/0/8E61783D9ED31093802568AC0037D5DB?opendocument
- ^ Amnesty International
- ^ http://www.derechos.org/news/archives/000506.html
- ^ Oman: Imminent Execution: Rebecca Thompson (f), aged 44, US citizen\n\n | Amnesty International
- ^ Amnesty International
- ^ Sodomylaws.Org
- ^ http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=44769 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4084882.stm
- ^ Scoop: Palestine Urged Not to Resume Executions
- ^ Qatar: Death Penalty, Firas Nassuh Salim Al-Majali | Amnesty International
- ^ Journalism.co.uk :: Crusading journalist wins case against Al-Jazeera
- ^ BBC NEWS | Middle East | Saudi Arabia beheads foreign maid
- ^ Sodomylaws.Org
- ^ Singapore death penalty shrouded in silence
- ^ Legislationline - free online legislation database
- ^ Amnesty International
- ^ United Arab Emirates (UAE): Death penalty | Amnesty International
- ^ Egypt52
- ^ Sodomylaws.Org
- ^ Uzbekistan: Further information on: Fear of imminent execution/torture and ill-treatment | Amnesty International
- ^ [5][]
- ^ Presidential Decree on the abolition of the death penalty - Legislationline - free online legislation database
- ^ Socialist Republic of Viet Nam: The death penalty - inhumane and ineffective | Amnesty International
- ^ Yemen: Further information on Imminent execution, Fuad 'Ali Mohsin al-Shahari\n\n | Amnesty International
- ^ Yemen: Further Information on: Death by stoning and flogging | Amnesty International
- ^ Sodomylaws.Org
- ^ Amnesty International
- ^ Three get executed
- ^ Legislationline - free online legislation database
- ^ Wikisource: Constitution of Kosovo
- ^ Legislationline - free online legislation database
- ^ http://www.tass.ru/eng/level2.html?NewsID=2446740&PageNum=0
- ^ Legislationline - free online legislation database
- ^ www.glas-javnosti.co.yu
- ^ TRNC Public Information Office
- ^ http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/ar99/eur50.htm
- ^ Cover story: He executed justice
- ^ Executions in the United States in 2007
- ^ Belize: Death Penalty, Gilroy "Hooty" Wade, Oscar "Negro" Catzim Mendez, Glenford Baptist | Amnesty International
- ^ The Death Penalty In Canada: Facts, Figures And Milestones
- ^ http://www.bestwesterncostarica.com/tourist_pura_human.html
- ^ Death Penalty: Cuba ceases fire, for now
- ^ Constitutional prohibitions of the death penalty | Amnesty International
- ^ Guatemala: Death Penalty/imminent execution | Amnesty International
- ^ Amnesty International
- ^ Comunità di Sant'Egidio - No to the Death Penalty - News
- ^ http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/wire/sns-ap-mexico-kidnapping-wave,1,2931150.story
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7553633.stm
- ^ Links to documents
- ^ http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/cm5707,0.pdf (PDF)
- ^ Executions in the United States in 2008
- ^ Federal Laws Providing for the Death Penalty
- ^ acadp.com
- ^ Cook Islands Government Online
- ^ Crimes (Abolition of Death Penalty) Amendment Act 2004
- ^ http://www.argentina.gov.ar/argentina/portal/documentos/constitucion_ingles.pdf Section 18
- ^ Last Vestiges of Capital Punishment Abolished
- ^ [http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituiçao91.htm
- ^ DEL0431
- ^ Del0898
- ^ DEL1001
- ^ Death penalty in Brazil
- ^ Amnesty International
- ^ HRC Concluding Observations: SURINAME
وصلات اخرجية
- Amnesty International
- The Death Penalty Worldwide
- Countries retaining death penalty fail to give details of executions - United Nations, July 14, 2005
- Death Penalty in Asia-Pacific
- Monthly updates of world-wide executions
- Hands Off Cain (results may vary)
- [6]
نصنيف:قوائم بلدان
