نورس الرنجة الأوروپي
| European herring gull | |
|---|---|
| Breeding-plumaged adult on Heligoland | |
| Conservation status | |
 Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) | |
| التصنيف الفهمي | |
| مملكة: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Laridae |
| Genus: | 'Larus' |
| Species: | ''L. argentatus'' |
| Binomial name | |
|
Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763, Denmark | |
| Range of L. argentatus Breeding range Year-round range Wintering range | |
The European herring gull (Larus argentatus) is a large gull (up to 26 بوصة (66 cم) long). One of the best known of all gulls along the shores of western Europe, it was once abundant. It breeds across Northern Europe, Western Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Scandinavia and the Baltic states. Some European herring gulls, especially those resident in colder areas, migrate further south in winter, but many are permanent residents, e.g. in the British Isles, Iceland, or on the North Sea shores. European herring gulls have a varied diet, including fish, crustaceans and dead animals as well as some plants.
While herring gull numbers appear to have been harmed in recent years, possibly by fish population declines and competition, they have proved able to survive in human-adapted areas and can often be seen in towns acting as scavengers.
التبويب
Association of European Rarities Committees recognises six species:
- European herring gull, Larus argentatus
- American herring gull, Larus smithsonianus
- Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans
- Yellow-legged gull, Larus michahellis
- Vega gull, Larus vegae
- Armenian gull, Larus armenicus
Subspecies
Description
The male European herring gull is 60–67 cم (24–26 بوصة) long and weighs 1,050–1,525 غ (2.315–3.362 رطل) while the female is 55–62 cم (22–24 بوصة) and weighs 710–1,100 غ (1.57–2.43 رطل). The wingspan can range from 125 to 155 cم (49 to 61 بوصة). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 38.1 to 48 cم (15.0 to 18.9 بوصة), the bill is 4.4 to 6.5 cم (1.7 to 2.6 بوصة) and the tarsus is 5.3 to 7.5 cم (2.1 to 3.0 بوصة). Adults in breeding plumage have a grey back and upperwings and white head and underparts. The wingtips are black with white spots known as "mirrors". The bill is yellow with a red spot and there is a ring of bare yellow skin around the pale eye. The legs are normally pink at all ages but can be yellowish, particularly in the Baltic population which was formerly regarded as a separate subspecies "L. a. omissus". Non-breeding adults have brown streaks on the head and neck. Male and female plumage is identical at all stages of development, however adult males are often larger.
Behaviour
وصلات خارجية
 |
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Larus argentatus. |
- Herring Gull videos from the BBC
- Map of Herring Gull distribution in summer and winter in Europe
- How Nature Works: Gull Territoriality - from Cornell Lab of Ornithology at YouTube
- Sound recordings of European herring gulls at BioAcoustica
- نطقب:BirdLife
- نطقب:Avibase
- نطقب:InternetBirdCollection
- نطقب:VIREO
- نطقب:IUCN Map
- - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
- نطقب:Xeno-canto species
- نطقب:Field guide birds of the world
- نطقب:ARKive
خطأ لوا في وحدة:Taxonbar على السطر 140: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ^ Symes, A. (2015). ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2015: e.T62030608A83943414. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
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