بلغار
Българи Bǎlgari | |
|---|---|
| إجمالي التعداد | |
| ح. 9–10 million | |
| المناطق ذات التجمعات المعتبرة | |
| بلغاريا 6,000,000 (2011)a[›] | |
| هجريا | 351,000–600,000 (2014–2008)b[›] |
| ألمانيا | 310,415n[›] (2017) |
| أوكرانيا | 204,574e[›]–500,000 (2001) |
| إسپانيا | 126,997n[›]–350,000 (2017) |
| الولايات المتحدة | 115,012h[›]–300,000 (2016) |
| المملكة المتحدة | 91,000/77,000–105,000/n[›] (2016–2017) |
| مولدوڤا (incl. Transnistria) | 79,520e[›] (2004) |
| اليونان | 72,893n[›]–300,000 (2015)b[›] |
| الأرجنتين | 70,000 (2008) |
| البرازيل | 62,000h[›] (2006) |
| إيطاليا | 58,620n[›]–120,000 (2016) |
| كندا | 30,485h[›]–70,000 (2011) |
| بلجيكا | 29,100f[›] (2014) |
| هولندا | 23,612n[›]–27,729m[›] (2017) |
| النمسا | 25,686n[›] (2017) |
| روسيا (2010 area) | 24,038e[›]–330,000 (2010) |
| قبرص (excl. TRNC) | 19,197n[›] (2011) |
| صربيا | 18,543e[›] (2011) |
| فرنسا | 17,626n[›]–50,000 (2015) |
| التشيك | 12,250n[›] (2016) |
| الدنمارك | 9,955 (2018) |
| السويد | 6,257d[›]–9,105f[›] (2016) |
| النرويج | 6,752n[›]–8,180m[›] (2017) |
| سويسرا | 8,588n[›] (2017) |
| الپرتغال | 7,019n[›]–12,000 (2016) |
| رومانيا | 7,336e[›] (2011) |
| أستراليا | 5,436h[›] (2011) |
| قزخستان | 4,523e[›] (2009) |
| جنوب أفريقيا | 4,224n[›]–20,000 (2015) |
| المجر | 4,022 (2016) |
| فنلندا | 2,840 (2018) |
| شمال مقدونيا | 1,417 (2002) |
| Languages | |
| Bulgarian | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Orthodox Christianity (Bulgarian Orthodox Church) with Muslim, Catholic, Protestant and Jewish minorities | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other South Slavs, especially Macedonians,Torlaks, and Slavic speakers in Greece. | |
|
a: The 2011 census figure was 5,664,624. The question on ethnicity was voluntary and 10% of the population did not declare any ethnicity, thus the figure is considered an underestimation. Ethnic Bulgarians are estimated at aroundستة million, 85% of the population. b: Estimates of the number of Pomaks whom most scholars categorize as Bulgarians c: According to the 2002 census there were 1,417 Bulgarians in North Macedonia. Between 2003 and 2017, according to the data provided by Bulgarian authorities some 87,483-200,000 permanent residents of Macedonia declared Bulgarian origin in their applications for Bulgarian citizenship, of which 67,355 requests were granted. A minor part of them are among the total of 2,934 Macedonia-born residents, who are residing in Bulgaria by 2016. d: by citizenship excluding dual citizens e: by single ethnic group per person f: by foreign-born h: by heritage n: by legal nationality m: by nationality, naturalisation and descendant background | |
Bulgarians (بالبلغارية: българи, Bǎlgari, نطقب:IPA-bg) are a nation and South Slavicethnic group native to Bulgaria and its immediate region.
أصل الاسم
Bulgarians derive their ethnonym from the Bulgars. Their name is not completely understood and difficult to trace back earlier than the 4th century AD, but it is possibly derived from the Proto-Turkic word bulģha ("to mix", "shake", "stir") and its derivative bulgak ("revolt", "disorder"). Alternate etymologies include derivation from a compound of Proto-Turkic bel ("five") and gur ("arrow" in the sense of "tribe"), a proposed division within the Utigurs or Onogurs ("ten tribes").
التاريخ
نطقب:Bulgarians
الحركة القومية البلغارية
الديمغرافيا
الجماعات العرقية ذات الصلة
Bulgarians are considered most closely related to the neighbouring Macedonians. The ethnic Macedonians were considered Bulgarians by most ethnographers until the early 20th century and beyond with a big portion of them evidently self-identifying as such. The Slavic-speakers of Greek Macedonia and most among the Torlaks in Serbia have also had a history of identifying as Bulgarians and many were members of the Bulgarian Exarchate, which included most of the territory regarded as Torlak. The greater part of these people were also considered Bulgarians by most ethnographers until the early 20th century and beyond.
الثقافة
The Bulgarian culture has largely the product of influence of incoming cultures and is now going through westernization, especially the cuisine.
اللغة
Bulgarians speak a Southern Slavic language which is mutually intelligible with Macedonian and to a lesser degree with Serbo-Croatian, especially the eastern dialects. The lexical similarities between Bulgarian and Macedonian are 86%, between Bulgarian and other Slavic languages between 71% and 80%, but with the Baltic languages they are 40–46%, while with English are about 20%. Only fewer than a dozen Bulgarian words are derived from Turkic Bulgar.
الأبجدية الكيريلية
الدين
الفنون والعلوم
John Vincent Atanasoff (right), Bulgarian American inventor of the Atanasoff-Berry computer, legally the inventor of the electronic digital computer in the U.S. and considered the "father of the computer".
المطبخ
Famous for its rich salads required at every meal, Bulgarian cuisine is also noted for the diversity and quality of dairy products and the variety of local wines and alcoholic beverages such as rakia, mastika and menta. Bulgarian cuisine features also a variety of hot and cold soups, an example of a cold soup being tarator. There are many different Bulgarian pastries as well such as banitsa.
المعتقدات والعادات الشعبية
الرموز
The national symbols of the Bulgarians are the Flag, the Coat of Arms, the National anthem and the National Guard, as well other unofficial symbols such as the Samara flag.
Folk dress and music
The Bulgarian folk costumes feature long white robes, usually with red embrdoiery and ornaments derived from the Slavic Rachenik.
خرائط
Map of A. Scobel, Andrees Allgemeiner Handatlas, 1908
Distribution of the Balkan peoples in 1911, Encyclopædia Britannica
Ethnic groups in the Balkans and Asia Minor by William R. Shepherd, 1911
Distribution European peoples in 1914 according to L. Ravenstein
Swiss ethnographic map of Europe published in 1918 by Juozas Gabrys
Percentage of Pomaks by first language according to the 1965 Census excluding Bulgarian
Distribution of Bulgarians in Odessa Oblast, Ukraine according to the 2001 census
Distribution of Bulgarians by first language in Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine according to the 2001 census
Distribution of predominant ethnic groups in Bulgaria according to the 2011 census
Distribution of Bulgarians in Romania according to the 2002 census
Distribution of Bulgarians in Moldova according to the 2004 census
See also
- Macedonians (Bulgarians)
- Macedonians (ethnic group)
- Thracian Bulgarians
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<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةfine - ^ Hupchick, D.The Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of Eastern Europe, p. 67. Springer, 2016, ISBN 9781137048172
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Sources
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وصلات خارجية
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Media related to People of Bulgaria at Wikimedia Commons
نطقب:Bulgarian diaspora
