الفيلد مارشال وليام جوسف سليم، ڤايكونت سليم الأول، KG, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, GBE, DSO, MC,  ‏(6 أغسطس 1891 – 14 ديسمبر 1970)، عادةً ما يُعهد بإسم بيل سليم, كان قائداً عسكرياً بريطانياً والحاكم العام لأستراليا رقم 13.

شارك سليم في خدمة فاعلة في كلٍ من الحربين العالميتين الأولى والثانية وجـُرح في الوغى ثلاث مرات. وفي الحرب العالمية الثانية، قاد الجيش الرابع عشر، المسمى "الجيش المنسي" في حملة بورما. وبعد الحرب أصبح أول ضابط بريطانيخدم في الجيش الهندي يُعيـَّن رئيس الأركان العامة الامبراطورية. ومن 1953 إلى 1959 كان الحاكم العام لأستراليا ويعتبره الكثير من الأستراليين بطلاً حقيقياً للحرب فقد قاتل مع الأنزاك في گاليپولي.

وفي مطلع ع1930، خط سليم روايات وقصص قصيرة ومطبوعات أخرى بالإسم المستعار أنتوني ملز Anthony Mills.

الحرب العالمية الثانية

حملة شرق أفريقيا

عند اندلاع الحرب العالمية الثانية، Slim was given command of the 10th Indian Infantry Brigade of the 5th Indian Infantry Division and was sent to Sudan. He took part in the East African Campaign to liberate Ethiopia from the Italians. Slim was wounded again during the fighting in Eritrea. On 21 January 1941, Slim was hit when his position was strafed during the advance on أگوردات.

الشرق الأوسط

Recovering from his wounds but still unfit for active service, Slim was temporarily employed on the General Staff at GHQ in Delhi. He was involved in the planning for potential operations in Iraq where trouble was expected. By early May 1941 Slim had been appointed Brigadier General Staff (chief staff officer) to Edward Quinan the commander designate for operations in Iraq, arriving in Basra onسبعة May. Not long afterwards, Major-General Fraser, commanding Indian 10th Infantry Division, fell ill and was relieved of his command, and Slim was promoted to take his place on the 15 May 1941 in the acting rank of major-general. He led the Indian 10th Infantry Division as part of Iraqforce during the Anglo-Iraqi War, the Syria-Lebanon Campaign (where the division advanced up the river Euphrates to capture Deir ez-Zor), and the invasion of Persia. He was twice mentioned in despatches during 1941.

حملة بورما

عمله بعد الحرب

تقاعد مبدئي من الجيش

At the end of 1945 Slim returned to the UK. On 1 January 1946, he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE). and took the post of Commandant of the Imperial Defence College for its first course since 1939. Onسبعة February 1947 he was made an Aide-de-camp (ADC) to the King. At the end of his two-year appointment at the Imperial Defence College Slim retired as ADC and from the army on 11 May 1948. He had been approached by both India and Pakistan to become C-in-C of their respective armies post independence but refused and instead became Deputy Chairman of the Railway Executive.

العودة إلى الجيش

إلا أنه في نوفمبر 1948، رفض رئيس الوزراء البريطاني حدثنت أتلي مقترح الڤايكونت مونتگومري بأن يخلفه كرئيس الأركان العامة الامبراطورية (CIGS) جون كروكر وبدلاً من ذلك، فقد جلب سليم من التقاعد برتبة فيلد مارشال في يناير 1949 with formal appointment to the Army Council from 1 January 1949. Slim thus became the first Indian Army officer to be become CIGS.

On 2 January 1950, he was promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) and later that year was made a Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit by the United States having previously, in 1948, been awarded the lower ranking Commander of the Legion of Merit. On 1 November 1952, he relinquished the position of Chief of the Imperial General Staff.

الحاكم العام لأستراليا

تقييم تاريخي

Lieutenant General Sir John Kiszely has recommended Slim's memoirs (Defeat into Victory) (1956) describing Slim as "perhaps the Greatest Commander of the 20th Century" and commenting on Slim's "self-deprecating style" Military historian Max Hastings stated:

In contrast to almost every other outstanding commander of the war, Slim was a disarmingly normal human being, possessed of notable self-knowledge. He was without pretension, devoted to his wife, Aileen, their family and the Indian Army. His calm, robust style of leadership and concern for the interests of his men won the admiration of all who served under him ... His blunt honesty, lack of bombast and unwillingness to play courtier did him few favours in the corridors of power. Only his soldiers never wavered in their devotion.

قائمة التكريم

انظر أيضاً

• محضر محادثة بين مصطفى النحاس رئيس مجلس الوزراء والفيلد مارشال سير وليم سليم،خمسة يونيو1950

ببليوگرافيا

• Defeat into Victory by Field Marshal Sir William Slim; Originally published 1956. More recent editions are NY: Buccaneer Books ISBN 1-56849-077-1, Cooper Square Press ISBN 0-8154-1022-0; London: Cassell ISBN 0-304-29114-5, Pan ISBN 0-330-39066-X.
• Other publications include Courage and Other Broadcasts (1957); and Unofficial History (1959).

الهامش

المراجع

• ABC staff (17 November 2009). "The Long Journey Home". ABC. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
• Fraser, George MacDonald (1995) [1992]. Quartered safe out here: a recollection of the war in Burma. London: HarperCollins. ISBN .
• Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals 1736–1997. Barnsley (UK): Pen & Sword Books. ISBN .
• Hastings, Max (2008). Retribution. Knopf. p. 68.
• Hill, David (1 May 2007). . Sydney: Random House Australia. ISBN .
• McLynn, Frank (2011). The Burma Campaign. London: Vintage. ISBN .
• Mead, Richard (2007). Churchill's Lions: A biographical guide to the key British generals of World War II. Stroud (UK): Spellmount. ISBN .
• Leech, Graeme; Box, Dan (3 May 2007). "Slim pickings". The Australian. News Limited. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
• Slim, Field Marshal the Viscount William J. (1961) [1956]. Defeat Into Victory (Shortened ed.). New York: McKay. OCLC 396091. (Stone & Stone, 1 August 1997. NOTE: The original edition contains more detailed description of operations than does the 1961 edition.)

للاستزادة

• Owen, Frank. "General Bill Slim". Burma Star Association. Retrieved 4 September 2008.
• Calvert, Mike (1973). Slim, War Leader. London: Pan. ISBN .
• Evans, Sir Geoffrey (1969). Slim as Military Commander. London: Batsford. ISBN . OCLC 43432.
• Keegan, John, ed. (1991). Churchill's Generals. New York: Grove Weidenfeld Press. ISBN .
• Latimer, John (2004). Burma: The Forgotten War. London: John Murray. ISBN .
• Lewin, Ronald (1976). Slim: The Standard Bearer: a biography of Field-Marshal Viscount Slim. London: Leo Cooper. ISBN .
• Lyman, Robert (2004). Slim, Master of War: Burma and the Birth of Modern Warfare. London: Constable and Robinson. ISBN .
• Lyman, Robert (2011). Bill Slim. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN .
• Miller, Russell (2013). Uncle Bill: The Authorised Biography of Field Marshal Viscount Slim. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN .

وصلات خارجية

مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim.

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Viscount Slim
• NAM staff (9 April 2011). "Britain's Greatest General". National Army Museum.: "The joint winners of Britain's Greatest General, as decided by the audience at [the National Army Museum] celebrity speaker event on Saturdayتسعة April 2011, were William Slim and The Duke of Wellington".

نطقب:Governors-General of Australia