انفجار بحيري
انفجار بحيري limnic eruption، ويشار إليه أيضاً بتعبير استحالة بحيرة lake overturn، هونوع نادر من الكوارث الطبيعية in which dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) suddenly erupts from deep lake waters, forming a gas cloud that can suffocate wildlife, livestock, and humans. Such an eruption may also cause tsunamis in the lake as the rising CO2 displaces water. Scientists believe earthquakes, volcanic activity, or explosions can be a trigger for such phenomenon. Lakes in which such activity occurs may be known as limnically active lakes or exploding lakes. Some features of limnically active lakes include:
- CO2-saturated incoming water
- A cool lake bottom indicating an absence of direct volcanic interaction with lake waters
- An upper and lower thermal layer with differing CO2 saturations
- Proximity to areas with volcanic activity
Scientists have recently determined, from investigations into the mass casualties in the 1980s at بحيرة مونون وبحيرة نيوس، that although limnic eruptions can be indirectly related to volcanic eruptions, they are actually separate types of disaster events.
التواجد التاريخي
انظر أيضاً
- كارثة طبيعية
- Mazuku
- Meromictic
- Cold-water geyser
الهامش
- ^ Volcanic Lakes and Gas Releases USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington.
وصلات خارجية
- Page of the team degassing Lake Nyos
- Lake's silent killer to be disarmed
- Lake Nyos (1986)
- Degassing Lake Nyos
- Cracking the Killer Lakes of Cameroon
- Schmid, Martin; Lorke, Andreas; Wüest, Alfred; Halbwachs, Michel; Tanyileke, Gregory (2003). "Development and sensitivity analysis of a model for assessing stratification and safety of Lake Nyos during artificial degassing". Ocean Dynamics. 53 (3): 288. Bibcode:2003OcDyn..53..288S. doi:10.1007/s10236-003-0032-0.
- Lorke, Andreas; Tietze, Klaus; Halbwachs, Michel; Wüest, Alfred (2004). "Response of Lake Kivu stratification to lava inflow and climate warming". Limnology and Oceanography. 49 (3): 778–83. doi:10.4319/lo.2004.49.3.0778.
- Lake Monoun
- BBC Cameroons "killer lake" degassed
- Using Science to Solve Problems: The Killer Lakes of Cameroon
