بيت پلانتاجنت
| House of Plantagenet | |
|---|---|
|
Armorial of Plantagenet | |
| البلد | Kingdom of England, Kingdom of France, Lordship of Ireland, Principality of Wales |
| البيت الأصل | Angevins |
| الألقاب |
|
| تأسس | 1126 |
| المؤسس | Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou |
| آخر حاكم | Richard III of England |
| الحل | 1485 |
| الفروع الصغرى |
|
بيت پلانتاجنت (بالإنگليزية: Plantagenet؛ // ) هي أسرة حكمت إنكلترا بين عامي 1154 - 1485. بعد حتى قام وليام القاهر باحتلال إنكلترا عام 1066 أنشأ ما عهد بالأسرة النورماندية وظلت تحكم 88 عاما حتى تزوجت حفيدته ماتيلدا ابنة هنري الأول الكونت جوفري بلإنتاجينيه كونت أنجو(لذا تدعى أحيانا بالأنجوية) وساعدها ضد قريبها الملك ستيفن، وبعد حتى كانت الأملاك الفرنسية تضم نورماندي وماين منذ عهد وليام الفاتح فقد ضمت أيضا مقاطعة أنجووعندما تزوج ابنهما هنري من إليانور دي أكيتان ضم أملاكها وأصبح يملك من الأراضي الفرنسية أكثر من ملك فرنسا نفسه.
الملوك
- هنري الثاني من إنكلترا 1154 – 1189: ابن ماتيلدا وجفري پلانتاجنت، تزوج قبل حكمه إليانور دي أكيتان، وأعرب نفسه ملكا على بريتاني وأيرلندا عام1171.
- ريتشارد الأول (قلب الأسد) 1187– 1199: أحد أشهر ملوك إنكلترا وأشجعهم، شارك في الحملة الصليبية الثالثة.
- جون من إنجلترا 1199 – 1216: شقيق ريتشارد، سقط ماگنا كارتا لتخفيف سلطة الملوك.
- هنري الثالث 1216 – 1272: حكم في التاسعة وكان ضعيفا وامتلأ عهده بالثورات.
- إدوارد الأول (طويل الساقين) 1272 – 1307: احتل ويلز وحطم تمرد الاسكتلنديين بقيادة وليام والاس، طرد اليهود من إنكلترا.
- إدوارد الثاني من إنكلترا 1307 – 1327: كان حكمه ضعيفا وأعربت اسكتلندا الاستقلال بعد هزيمته في بانوكبرن عام 1314 فخلع ومات في السجن.
- إدوارد الثالث من إنگكلترا 1327 – 1377 : بدأ حرب المائة عام وانتصر على الفرنسيين في سلويس وكريسي.
إدوارد الأمير الأسود لم يحكم أحد أبطال حرب المائة عام وسحق الفرنسيين في بواتييه، توفي سنة 1376.
- ريتشارد الثاني 1377 – 1399: خلف جده بعد موت أبيه إدوارد الأمير الأسود وهوفي العاشرة، نشبت في عهده ثورة الفلاحين بقيادة وات تايلر 1381، خلع ومات في السجن.
بعد ريتشارد الثاني تفاقمت المشاكل في الأسرة بين أحفاد إدوارد الثالث أبناء جون دوق لانكاستر فيما يعهد بـأسرة لانكاستر من جهة وأبناء ليونيل وإدموند من جهة أخرى فيما يعهد بـأسرة يورك.
أسرة لانكاستر
- هنري الرابع 1399 – 1413 سجن ريتشارد الثاني وأخمد الكثير من الثورات.
- هنري الخامس 1413 – 1422 هزم الفرنسيين في أجينكور وسقط معاهدة تروا لضمان عرش فرنسا.
- هنري السادس 1422 – 1461، 1470 – 1471 حكم وهورضيع، انهزم أمام شارل السابع ملك فرنسا في حرب السنوات المائة واندلعت في عهده حرب الوردتين.
أسرة يورك
- إدوارد الرابع 1461 – 1470 و1471 – 1483
- إدوارد الخامس 1483 توج في عمر 12 سنة، خلعه عمه ريتشارد وسجنه فمات هناك.
- ريتشارد الثالث 1483 – 1485 خلع ابن أخيه واتحد أعداؤه ضده خلف هنري تيودور فانهزم أمامه في معركة بوزوورث
حينما تزوجت الأميرة مارغريت من نسل جون أوف لانكاستر من سليل أسرة ويلزية يدعى إدموند تيودور أنجبت هنري تيودور الذي أنهى حرب الوردتين ووحد إنكلترا تحت سلطانه وعهد بـهنري السابع ودخلت إنكلترا معه في عهد جديد.
شجرة العائلة
- This family tree includes only male members of the House of Plantagenet who were born legitimate.
| المفتاح | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| بيت لانكاستر | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| بيت يورك | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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كونت أنجو 1113–1151 |
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ملك إنگلترة 1133–1189 |
Count of Nantes 1134–1158 |
William FitzEmpress 1136–1164 |
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الملك الأصغر لإنگلترة 1155–1183 |
ملك إنگلترة 1157–1199 |
Duke of Brittany 1158–1186 |
ملك إنگلترة 1167–1216 |
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Duke of Brittany 1187–1203 |
ملك إنگلترة 1207–1272 |
ملك ألمانيا 1209–1272 |
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ملك إنگلترة 1239–1307 |
1st Earl of Lancaster 1245–1296 |
Henry of Almain 1235–1271 |
2nd Earl of Cornwall 1249–1300 |
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|
Earl of Chester 1273–1284 |
ملك إنگلترة 1284–1327 |
1st Earl of Norfolk 1300–1338 |
1st Earl of Kent 1301–1330 |
2nd Earl of Lancaster 1278–1322 |
3rd Earl of Lancaster 1281–1345 |
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ملك إنگلترة 1312–1377 |
Earl of Cornwall 1316–1336 |
2nd Earl of Kent 1326–1331 |
3rd Earl of Kent 1330–1352 |
1st Duke of Lancaster 1310–1361 |
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Prince of Wales 1330–1376 |
1st Duke of Clarence 1338–1368 |
1st Duke of Lancaster 1340–1399 |
Edmund, 1st Duke of York 1341–1402 |
1st Duke of Gloucester 1355–1397 |
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ملك إنگلترة 1367–1400 |
ملك إنگلترة 1366–1413 |
2nd Duke of York 1373–1415 |
3rd Earl of Cambridge 1375–1415 |
2nd Earl of Buckingham 1381–1399 |
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|
ملك إنگلترة 1386–1422 |
1st Duke of Clarence 1387–1421 |
1st Duke of Bedford 1389–1435 |
1st Duke of Gloucester 1390–1447 |
3rd Duke of York 1411–1460 |
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ملك إنگلترة 1421–1471 |
ملك إنگلترة 1442–1483 |
Earl of Rutland 1443–1460 |
1st Duke of Clarence 1449–1478 |
ملك إنگلترة 1452–1485 |
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Prince of Wales 1453–1471 |
ملك إنگلترة 1470-? |
1st Duke of York 1473-? |
17th Earl of Warwick 1475–1499 |
Prince of Wales 1473–1484 |
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للاستزادة
الألقاب
الألقاب
–| Title | Held | Designation and details |
|---|---|---|
| Count of Anjou | 870–1204 | ancestral family title, originating with Ingelger. Remained under direct control of the Plantagenets until Philip II of France captured the county and merged it with the House of Capet royal holdings. |
| Count of Maine | 1110–1203 | ancestral family title, inherited by the House of Anjou after the marriage of Ermengarde of Maine with Fulk V of Anjou. It was captured and merged into the House of Capet royal holdings. |
| King of Jerusalem | 1131–1143 | title held by the grandfather of Henry II of England named Fulk of Jerusalem. Ruled for a while by their cousins. The Plantagenets followed up their claim in the Third and Ninth Crusades but never regained it. |
| Duke of Normandy | 1144–1485 | also used Count of Mortain title. Due to be handed to the Plantagenets during The Anarchy but Geoffrey V of Anjou conquered it early. Mainland holdings lost to Valois in 1259, but title continued to be used in relation to Channel Islands. Eventually lost to House of Tudor. |
| Duke of Aquitaine | 1152–1422 | titles Duke of Gascony and Count of Poitiers also used. The Duchy became part of the Plantagenet holdings after Eleanor of Aquitaine married Henry II. Eventually lost to House of Valois. |
| King of England | 1154–1485 | title became part of the Plantagenet holdings after the Treaty of Wallingford. The title was inherited through Matilda, Lady of the English. Eventually lost to the House of Tudor. |
| Lord of Ireland | 1177–1485 | title was a Plantagenet holding since 1177, replacing the High Kings of Ireland title. Eventually lost to the Tudors; Henry VIII of England later raised the Lordship to a Monarchal title. |
| Duke of Brittany | 1181–1203 | title Count of Nantes also used. Became Plantagenet title after marriage of Constance, Duchess of Brittany and Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany. Strongly linked to Earl of Richmond title. |
| Lord of Cyprus | 1191–1192 | title was briefly held by Richard the Lionheart after his conquest of the island, he then sold the island to Guy of Lusignan who raised Cyprus from a Lordship into the Kingdom of Cyprus. |
| King of Sicily | 1254–1263 | titular claim rather than de facto. Pope Alexander IV had declared Sicily a papal possession and offered the crown to Henry III's son Edmund, Earl of Lancaster. The next Pope reversed the offer and the Plantagenets never succeeded in taking the kingdom, but took the claim seriously. |
|
King of Germany and King of the Romans |
1257–1272 | Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall was elected king in opposition to the claim of Alfonso X of Castile, and after extensive lobbying and bribery. He was crowned in 1257 at Aachen as King of Germany. As such, he could claim the title of King of the Romans as emperor-elect. Since the pope supported Alfonso, he never crowned Richard as emperor. Richard only made four brief visits to Germany, and his sons were not considered as possible successors. |
| Prince of Wales | 1301–1484 | Originally a fief of the Angevin Empire, it was given to the first-born son of the King of England after the Aberffraw dynasty rebelled against their vassal. Eventually lost to the Tudors. |
| King of France | 1340–1485 | Mostly titular, rather than de facto. The Plantagenets claimed to be the senior continuation of the House of Capet after the Direct Capetians line came to an end. During part of the Lancastrian period of rule there was a time when this was de facto rulership. |
عهود ملوك پلانتاجنت على إنگلترة
عهود ملوك پلانتاجنت على إنگلترة
| پورتريه | Name | From | Until | Relationship with predecessor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Henry II of England (Henry Curtmantle) |
19 December 1154 | 6 July 1189 | son of Empress Matilda, heir to the English throne but was usurped by his cousin, Stephen I of England. | |
| Henry the Young King | 14 June 1170 | 11 June 1183 | coregent at age 15 onwards with his father, Henry II of England. | |
|
Richard I of England (Richard Cœur de Lion, or the "Lionheart") |
3 September 1189 | 6 April 1199 | son of Henry II of England. | |
|
John of England (John Lackland) |
27 May 1199 | 19 October 1216 | son of Henry II of England. Brother of issueless Richard I of England. | |
| Henry III of England | 28 October 1216 | 16 November 1272 | son of John of England. | |
|
Edward I of England (Edward Longshanks) |
20 November 1272 | 7 July 1307 | son of Henry III of England. | |
| Edward II of England | 7 July 1307 | 25 January 1327 | son of Edward I of England. | |
| Edward III of England | 25 January 1327 | 21 June 1377 | son of Edward II of England. | |
|
Richard II of England (Richard "of Bordeaux") |
21 June 1377 | 29 September 1399 | son of Edward, the Black Prince and grandson of Edward III of England. | |
|
Henry IV of England (Henry Bolingbroke) |
30 September 1399 | 20 March 1413 | First King from the House of Lancaster, cousin of Richard II of England, whom he had murdered. Son of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and grandson of Edward III. | |
| Henry V of England | 20 March 1413 | 31 August 1422 | son of Henry IV of England. | |
| Henry VI of England | 31 August 1422 | 4 March 1461 | son of Henry V of England. | |
| 30 October 1470 | 11 April 1471 | |||
| Edward IV of England | 4 March 1461 | 30 October 1470 | First King of the House of York, cousin of Henry VI of England. Son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, common heir-general of Lionel of Antwerp and Edmund of Langley, both sons of Edward III | |
| 11 April 1471 | 9 April 1483 | |||
| Edward V of England | 9 April 1483 | 25 June 1483 | son of Edward IV of England. | |
| Richard III of England | 26 June 1483 | 22 August 1485 | uncle of Edward V of England. Son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York. |
خط زمني للملوك
خط زمني للملوك
الهامش
Footnotes
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وصلات خارجية
 |
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Plantagenet. |
|
— بيت ملكي —
House of Plantagenet
الفرع الأصغر من Angevins
الاطاحة: 1485
الحل: 1541
| ||
| سبقه House of Blois |
Ruling House of England 1154–1485 |
تبعه House of Tudor |
| سبقه House of Penthièvre |
Ruling House of Brittany 1181–1203 |
تبعه House of Thouars |
