پلويشتي
Ploiești | ||
|---|---|---|
County seat | ||
| ||
| Nickname(s): Capitala Aurului Negru
(الإنگليزية: Capital of Black Gold) | ||
 Ploiești | ||
| الإحداثيات: Coordinates: | ||
| Country | رومانيا | |
| County | نطقب:RO-PH | |
| Status | County seat | |
| الحكم | ||
| • Mayor | Iulian Bădescu (Social Democratic Party) | |
| المساحة | ||
| • County seat | 58٫28 كم² (22٫50 ميل²) | |
| التعداد(2011 census) | ||
| • County seat | 209٬945 | |
| • الكثافة | 3٬394/km2 (8٬790/sq mi) | |
| • العمرانية | 266٬4571 | |
| منطقة التوقيت | EET (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+2) | |
| • الصيفي | EEST (UTC+3) | |
| Car plate | PH | |
| المسقط الإلكتروني | www.ploiesti.ro | |
| 1Ploiești metropolitan area is a proposed project. | ||
پلويشتي (النطق بالرومانية: [ploˈjeʃtʲ]; older spelling: Ploești) مدينة تقع على بعد 60 كم شمال عاصمة رومانيا بوخارست, عاصمة محافظة براهوفا. عدد سكانها 232.452 نسمة(إحصاء 2002)
التاريخ
WWII refineries
(monthly metric tonnes):
(monthly metric tonnes):
- Astra Romania (146,000)
- Colombia Aquila (45,000)
- Concordia Vega (110,000)
- Creditul Minier (45,000)
- Dacia Romana (15,000)
- Phoenix (65,000)
- Romana Americana (92,000)
- Standard Petrol Block[1] (36,000)
- Unirea Sperantza (33,000)
- Xenia (22,000)
الحرب العالمية الثانية
Columbia Aquila refinery burning after the raid of B-24 Liberator bombers, Operation Tidal Wave
المناحي التاريخية
| Census | Ethnic composition | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Population | Romanians | Hungarians | Germans | Serbs | Jews | Romani | Russians | Greeks | Ukrainians | |
| 1930 | 79,149 | 69,139 | 1,591 | 1,307 | |||||||
| 2011 | 201,226 | 199,221 | 109 | 69 | - | - | 1289 | 44 | - | 8 | |
الاقتصاد
The A3 motorway links Ploiești to Bucharest, 60 kم (196,850 قدم) to the south.
Headquarters of Petrom, Romanian oil company and largest corporation in country
Demographics
| التعداد التاريخي | ||
|---|---|---|
| السنة | تعداد | ±% |
| 1810 | 2٬024 | — |
| 1859 | 26٬468 | +1207.7% |
| 1899 | 45٬107 | +70.4% |
| 1912 | 56٬460 | +25.2% |
| 1930 | 79٬149 | +40.2% |
| 1948 | 95٬632 | +20.8% |
| 1956 | 114٬544 | +19.8% |
| 1966 | 146٬922 | +28.3% |
| 1977 | 199٬699 | +35.9% |
| 1992 | 252٬715 | +26.5% |
| 2002 | 232٬527 | −8.0% |
| 2011 | 209٬945 | −9.7% |
| المصدر: Census data | ||
Nearest Towns
| Town | Direction | Distance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| straight line distance | road distance | rail distance | ||
| București | S | 56 km | 60 km | 59 km |
| Brăila | E | 155 km | 170 km | 176 km |
| Pitești | W | 91 km | 111 km | 149 km |
| Brașov | NW | 86 km | 114 km | 110 km |
| Târgoviște | V | 46 km | 51 km | 52 km |
| Buzău | NE | 66 km | 71 km | 69 km |
| Urziceni | SE | 55 km | 60 km | 55 km |
الجيولوجيا
The Mio-Pliocene Zone in the Ploiești region has been exploited for hydrocarbons and coal since the 19th Century. The zone extends from the flysch on the north to the Moesian Platform on the south. The zone is marked by alternating deposits of Clay, Marl, Shale and Sand, conglomerate, Salt and Limestone.Structural traps and stratigraphic traps are formed from Salt Diapirism which gave rise to anticline folds and faulting. There are four major alignments of the anticlines, all parallel to the Carpathian Range. Pliocene sands are the main oil and gas producers, in particular the Meotian (60%) and Dacian (29%), followed by the Miocene Sarmatian (5%) but some oil exists in Miocene Helvetian and Oligocene sandstones. Major producing structures include Moreni-Gura Ocnitei, Baicoi-Tintea and Boldesti.
Stratigraphic column of Eastern Carpathians and Moesian Platform
Cross Section of Carpathian Bend
Geologic features of the Carpathians
الجغرافيا
Teleajen River in Prahova County
Nearest Towns
| Town | Direction | Distance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| straight line distance | road distance | rail distance | ||
| București | S | 56 km | 60 km | 59 km |
| Brăila | E | 155 km | 170 km | 176 km |
| Pitești | W | 91 km | 111 km | 149 km |
| Brașov | NW | 86 km | 114 km | 110 km |
| Târgoviște | V | 46 km | 51 km | 52 km |
| Buzău | NE | 66 km | 71 km | 69 km |
| Urziceni | SE | 55 km | 60 km | 55 km |
المناخ
| بيانات مناخ Ploieşti | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 1 (34) |
4 (39) |
10 (50) |
18 (64) |
23 (73) |
27 (81) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
24 (75) |
18 (64) |
10 (50) |
3 (37) |
16٫2 (61٫2) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -6 (21) |
-3 (27) |
0 (32) |
6 (43) |
10 (50) |
14 (57) |
16 (61) |
15 (59) |
11 (52) |
6 (43) |
1 (34) |
-3 (27) |
5٫6 (42٫1) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 40.6 (1.598) |
35.6 (1.402) |
38.1 (1.5) |
45.7 (1.799) |
71.1 (2.799) |
76.2 (3) |
63.5 (2.5) |
58.4 (2.299) |
43.2 (1.701) |
33 (1.3) |
48.3 (1.902) |
43.2 (1.701) |
596٫9 (23٫5) |
| Source: Weather Channel | |||||||||||||
السياسة
The Ploiești Municipal Council, elected in the 2012 local elections, is made up of 27 councillors, with the following party composition:
| Party | Seats | Current Council | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51.9% | Social Liberal Union | 14 | ||||||||||||||
| نطقب:Romanian politics/party colours/PDL | 37% | Democratic Liberal Party | 10 | نطقب:Romanian politics/party colours/PDL | | نطقب:Romanian politics/party colours/PDL | | نطقب:Romanian politics/party colours/PDL | | نطقب:Romanian politics/party colours/PDL | | نطقب:Romanian politics/party colours/PDL | | نطقب:Romanian politics/party colours/PDL | | نطقب:Romanian politics/party colours/PDL | | نطقب:Romanian politics/party colours/PDL | | نطقب:Romanian politics/party colours/PDL | | نطقب:Romanian politics/party colours/PDL | | ||||
| 11.1% | People's Party – Dan Diaconescu | 3 | ||||||||||||||
International relations
Twin towns - sister cities
Ploieşti is twinned with:
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Natives
- Sports: Octavian Belu, Alexandru Dedu, Leonard Doroftei, Adrian Diaconu, Laurenţiu Toma
- Architecture: Toma T. Socolescu
- Politics: Take Ionescu, Ştefan Gheorghiu (trade unionist), Corneliu Mănescu, Remus Opriş
- Academia: Liviu Librescu, Nicolae Simache
- Literature: Nichita Stănescu, Ion Stratan, Lucian Avramescu
- Science: Carol Nicolae Debie, Basarab Nicolescu
- Music: Leonida Constantin Brezeanu, Andreea Bălan, Ovidiu Bălan, Cezar Ouatu
Gallery
Synagogue
School of Arts and Crafts
St. George belfry
St. John the Baptist Cathedral
Museum of History and Archaeology
Nicolae Simache Clock Museum
Central Market Hall
Holy Voivodes Church
- Ilie Oana Stadium - Official Training - June 2014.png
Ilie Oană Stadium
See also
- Petrochemical industry in Romania
Notes and references
-
Sources provide differing estimates regarding Romanian production:
- 1942: The Axis Oil Position in Europe, November 1942 by the Hartley Committee estimated that "Romanian oil fields" contributed 33% of Axis supplies.
- 1944: "Ploiești, thirty-five miles (8.0 kم) from Bucharest, supplied one-third of all the oil fuel Germany required for war purposes."
- 1999: The fragile, concentrated Bucharest facilities provided "60% of Germany's crude oil supply"
- ^ "2011 Census press release" (PDF) (in Romanian). INSSE Prahova. February 2, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "U.S. Air Force photo" [ك] [diagram] in Gurney, Gene (Major, USAF) (1962). "The War in the Air: a pictorial history of World War II Air Forces in combat". New York: Bonanza Books: 121.
- ^ Paraschiv, P., and Olteau, G., Oil Fields of Ploiești District, Romania, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, AAPG Memoir 14, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1970, p. 401.
- ^ Paraschiv, P., and Olteau, G., Oil Fields of Ploiești District, Romania, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, AAPG Memoir 14, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1970, p. 399.
- ^ Paraschiv, P., and Olteau, G., Oil Fields of Ploiești District, Romania, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, AAPG Memoir 14, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1970, p. 425.
- ^ Paraschiv, P., and Olteau, G., Oil Fields of Ploieşti District, Romania, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, AAPG Memoir 14, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1970, p. 415.
- ^ Pawlewicz, M., Total Petroleum Systems of the Carpathian-Balkanian Basin Province of Romania and Bulgaria, US Dept. Interior USGS Bulletin 2204-F, 2007, p. 9
- ^ Pawlewicz, M., Total Petroleum Systems of the Carpathian-Balkanian Basin Province of Romania and Bulgaria, US Dept. Interior USGS Bulletin 2204-F, 2007, p. 6
- ^ Pawlewicz, M., Total Petroleum Systems of the Carpathian-Balkanian Basin Province of Romania and Bulgaria, US Dept. Interior USGS Bulletin 2204-F, 2007, p. 5
-
^ "Radom - Miasta partnerskie". Miasto Radom [City of Radom] (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2013-04-03. Retrieved 2013-08-07. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Radom - miasta partnerskie" (in Polish). radom.naszestrony.pl. Retrieved 2013-08-07.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
-
^
US Secretary (January 1943). Casablanca Conference: Papers and Minutes of Meetings. Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library; COMBINED CHIEFS OF STAFF: Conference proceedings, 1941–1945; Box 1: Office of the Combined Chiefs of Staff. pp. 40–43, 88, 256.
Brehon Somervell[inside front cover] … DECLASSIFIED … 10/29/73 … U.S. SECRET … BRITISH MOST SECRET … COPY NO. 32[inside back cover]
- ^ Turner, S.J., F. R. G. S -- maps (1944). Vol. 2 [September 3, 1941—August 15, 1943]. Pictorial History of the Second World War. Wm. H. Wise & Co., Inc. pp. 519–1020 [986].
-
^ Modrovsky, Robert J. (April 1999). 1 August 1943 -- Today's Target is Ploesti: A Departure from Doctrine (pdf)
|format=requires|url=(help). p. 4.
External links
 |
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Ploiești. |
- Website of the town hall of Ploieşti
- (Romanian) RepublicaPloieşti.net is a site specializing in architectural history of the City of Ploieşti. It contains numerous photographs of the city taken between the beginning of the twentieth and 1945.
- Tramway in Ploieşti
- (Romanian) Map of Ploiești with route planning, points of interest, public transport
نطقب:Prahova County
نطقب:بذرة جغرافيا رومانيا
