مانشستر الكبرى
| مقاطعة | |
| الدولة | المملكة المتحدة |
|---|---|
| البلد | إنگلترة |
| المنطقة | شمال غرب إنگلترة |
| الأصل | 1 April 1974 (Local Government Act 1972) |
| مقاطعة احتفالية | |
| المساحة | [] |
| – الترتيب | of 48 |
| – الترتيب | of 48 |
| الكثافة | [] |
| الأعراق | 88.9% بيض 6.5% S. آسيويون 1.7% سود 1.6% عرق مختلط 1.3% E. آسيويون وآخرون |
| منطقة التوقيت | GMT (UTC) |
| – الصيفي (DST) | BST (UTC+1) |
مانشستر الكبرى Greater Manchester، هي مقاطعة كبرى في شمال غرب إنگلترة، يبلغ عدد سكانها 2.68 مليون نسمة. تضم المقاطعة أكبر المناطق الحضرية في المملكة المتحدة، وتتكون منتسعة metropolitan borough: بولتون، بري، اولدهام، روشدال, ستوكپورت, تامسايد، تارفورد، ويگان، ومدن مانشستر وسالفورد. تأسست مانشستر الكبرى في 1 أبريل 1974 بمقتضى قانون رقم 1972؛ وأعربت مدينة اقليم في 1 أبريل 2011.
التاريخ
النشأة
Former weavers' cottages in Wardle. The development of Greater Manchester is attributed to a shared tradition of domestic cloth production, and textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution.
Greater Manchester lies at the conjunction of the ancient county boundaries of Cheshire, Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire.
تقرير ردكليف-مود
| قبل-1974 | قبل -1974 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| مقاطعة كبرى | Metropolitan borough | County boroughs | Non-county boroughs | المناطق الحضرية | المناطق الريفية |
|
|
بري | بري | Prestwich • Radcliffe | Ramsbottom • Tottington • وايتفيلد | |
| بولتون | بولتون | Farnworth | Blackrod • Horwich • Kearsley • Little Lever • Turton • Westhoughton | ||
| مانشستر | مانشستر | Ringway | |||
| Oldham | Oldham | Chadderton • Crompton • Failsworth • Lees • Royton • Saddleworth | |||
| Rochdale | Rochdale | Middleton • Heywood | Littleborough • Milnrow • Wardle | ||
| سالفورد | سالفورد | Eccles • Swinton and Pendlebury | Irlam • Worsley | ||
| Stockport | Stockport | Bredbury and Romiley • Cheadle and Gatley • Hazel Grove and Bramhall • Marple | |||
| Tameside | Ashton-under-Lyne • Dukinfield • Hyde • Mossley • Stalybridge | Audenshaw • Denton • Droylsden • Longendale | |||
| Trafford | Altrincham • Sale • Stretford | Bowdon • Hale • Urmston | Bucklow | ||
| Wigan | Wigan | Leigh | Abram • Ashton in Makerfield • Aspull • Atherton • Billinge and Winstanley • Hindley • Ince-in-Makerfield • Golborne • Orrell • Standish-with-Langtree • Tyldesley | Wigan | |
1974–1997
The Greater Manchester Exhibition Centre (better known as the G-Mex centre and now rebranded as Manchester Central) was the converted former Manchester Central railway station in Manchester city centre used for hosting the county's cultural events.
Stockport Bus Station in 1988. Greater Manchester Transport (later GM Buses) operated bus services throughout the county, from 1974 to 1993.
GMC County Hall (now known as Westminster House) in Manchester housed the Greater Manchester County Council until its abolition in 1986.
السلطة المختلطة
الجغرافيا
An aerial photograph of Greater Manchester
The Greater Manchester Urban Area, as defined in 2001, highlighted in red against the boundaries of the Metropolitan County
A view over the borough of Tameside, towards Manchester city centre.
| Metropolitan borough | المركز الاداري | مكونات أخرى | |
|---|---|---|---|
| بري | بري | Prestwich, Radcliffe, Ramsbottom, Tottington, Whitefield | |
| Bolton | بولتون | Blackrod, Farnworth, Horwich, Kearsley, Little Lever, South Turton, Westhoughton | |
| Manchester | مانشستر | Blackley, Cheetham Hill, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Didsbury, Ringway, Withington, Wythenshawe | |
| Oldham | اولدهام | Chadderton, Shaw and Crompton, Failsworth, Lees, Royton, Saddleworth | |
| Rochdale | Rochdale | Heywood, Littleborough, Middleton, Milnrow, Newhey, Wardle | |
| Salford | Swinton | Eccles, Clifton, Little Hulton, Walkden, Worsley, Salford, Irlam, Pendlebury, Cadishead, Patricroft, Monton | |
| Stockport | Stockport | Bramhall, Bredbury, Cheadle, Gatley, Hazel Grove, Marple, Romiley Woodley | |
| Tameside | Ashton-under-Lyne | Audenshaw, Denton, Droylsden, Dukinfield, Hyde, Longdendale, Mossley, Stalybridge | |
| Trafford | Stretford | Altrincham, Bowdon, Hale, Sale, Urmston | |
| Wigan | Wigan | أبرام, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Aspull, Astley, Atherton, Bryn, Golborne, Higher End, Hindley, Ince-in-Makerfield, Leigh, Orrell, Shevington, Standish, Tyldesley, Winstanley | |
المناخ
| بيانات مناخ مانشستر | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 14.3 (57.7) |
15.2 (59.4) |
21.7 (71.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.2 (90) |
33.7 (92.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
17.2 (63) |
15.1 (59.2) |
33٫7 (92٫7) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 7.3 (45.1) |
7.6 (45.7) |
10.0 (50) |
12.6 (54.7) |
16.1 (61) |
18.6 (65.5) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.3 (68.5) |
17.6 (63.7) |
13.9 (57) |
10.0 (50) |
7.4 (45.3) |
13٫5 (56٫3) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 1.7 (35.1) |
1.6 (34.9) |
3.3 (37.9) |
4.9 (40.8) |
7.7 (45.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
12.6 (54.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
10.3 (50.5) |
7.4 (45.3) |
4.2 (39.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
6٫6 (43٫9) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | -12.0 (10.4) |
−13.1 (8.4) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
-1.6 (29.1) |
2.0 (35.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
3.6 (38.5) |
0.8 (33.4) |
-3.0 (26.6) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−13٫5 (7٫7) |
| سقوط الأمطار mm (inches) | 72.3 (2.846) |
51.4 (2.024) |
61.2 (2.409) |
54.0 (2.126) |
56.8 (2.236) |
66.1 (2.602) |
63.9 (2.516) |
77.0 (3.031) |
71.5 (2.815) |
92.5 (3.642) |
81.5 (3.209) |
80.7 (3.177) |
828٫8 (32٫63) |
| % Humidity | 87 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 82 | 84 | 86 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 87 | 87 | 86٫3 |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 13.1 | 9.7 | 12.3 | 11.2 | 10.4 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 12.0 | 11.1 | 13.6 | 14.1 | 13.5 | 142٫9 |
| Avg. snowy days | 9 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 30 |
| Sunshine hours | 52.5 | 73.9 | 99.0 | 146.9 | 188.3 | 172.5 | 179.7 | 166.3 | 131.2 | 99.3 | 59.5 | 47.1 | 1٬416٫2 |
| [] | |||||||||||||
الحياة الحيوانية والنباتية
Common cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium), seen here at Light Hazzles Reservoir near Littleborough, was voted the County Flower of Greater Manchester in 2002
الحكومة
The coat of arms of the former Greater Manchester Council, which was abolished in 1986
الديموغرافيا
The population of Greater Manchester increased from around 328 thousand in 1801, to 2.68M in 2011, peaking in 1971 at 2.7M.
Much of Greater Manchester's housing stock consists of terraced houses constructed as low-cost dwellings for the populations of local factory towns. This street in Salford was renovated by Urban Splash.
| إجمالي سكان مانشستر الكبرى | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| السنة | السكان | السنة | السكان | السنة | السكان | السنة | السكان | ||||
| 1801 | 328,609 | 1871 | 1,590,102 | 1941 | 2,693,775 | 2011 | 2,682,500 | ||||
| 1811 | 409,464 | 1881 | 1,866,649 | 1951 | 2,688,987 | ||||||
| 1821 | 526,230 | 1891 | 2,125,318 | 1961 | 2,699,711 | ||||||
| 1831 | 700,486 | 1901 | 2,357,150 | 1971 | 2,729,741 | ||||||
| 1841 | 860,413 | 1911 | 2,617,598 | 1981 | 2,575,441 | ||||||
| 1851 | 1,037,001 | 1921 | 2,660,088 | 1991 | 2,569,700 | ||||||
| 1861 | 1,313,550 | 1931 | 2,707,070 | 2001 | 2,482,352 | ||||||
| Pre-1974 statistics were gathered from local government areas that now comprise Greater Manchester Source: Great Britain Historical GIS. | |||||||||||
التعليم
الاقتصاد
Oldham, painted during the Industrial Revolution. Many towns in Greater Manchester were built around the mills.
Manchester city centre is the central business district of Manchester and Greater Manchester.
Salford Quays is the City of Salford's business district.
The Trafford Centre in Trafford is one of the largest shopping centres in the United Kingdom.
| القيمة الإجمالية المحلية المضافة لمقاطعة مانشستر الكبرى حسب الأسعار الأساسية الحالية. الأرقام بالمليون جنيه إسترليني. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| السنة | القيمة الإجمالية المحلية المضافة | الزراعة | الصناعة | الخدمات |
| 1995 | 25,368 | 59 | 8,344 | 16,966 |
| 2000 | 32,995 | 38 | 8,817 | 24,140 |
| 2003 | 38,300 | 48 | 8,973 | 29,279 |
| 2005 | 42,082 | – | —— | ——– |
- المكونات قد تكون غير مضافة للإجمالي لأنها مقربة
- تضم الصيد والغابات
- تضم الطاقة والإنشاءات
- تضم خدمات الوساطة المالية المقاسة بطريقة غير مباشرة
النقل
The M60 motorway, seen here at Failsworth, is an orbital motorway in Greater Manchester.
A Metrolink tram in Radcliffe, part of Greater Manchester's light rail network.
First Greater Manchester operate bus services in northern-Greater Manchester.
الرياضة
Old Trafford, home to Manchester United F.C.
Bolton Wanderers F.C. are based at the Reebok Stadium, in Horwich.
The main entrance of Old Trafford Cricket Ground
The City of Manchester Stadium, the main venue of the 2002 Commonwealth Games and home to Manchester City F.C.
الثقافة
المعارض الفنية والمتاحف
The Imperial War Museum North in Trafford Park was designed by Daniel Libeskind, and is one of the Imperial War Museum's five branches.
الموسيقى، المسرح والفنون التطبيقية
The Lowry is a combined theatre and exhibition centre at Salford Quays, and is Greater Manchester's most visited tourist attraction.
الإعلام، السينما والتلفزيون
انظر أيضاً
- موضوعات عن إنگلترة
- قائمة مباني مدرجة من الدرجة الأولى في مانشستر الكبرى
- قائمة مباني مدرجة من الدرجة الثانية في مانشستر الكبرىر
- Greater Manchester Employer Coalition
- قائمة أشخص من مانشستر الكبرى
- قائمة الفنون العامة في مانشستر الكبرى
المصادر
الهوامش
- ^ Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. "Local Government Finance Statistics England No.16". local.odpm.gov.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2010.[]
- ^ "2009 Mid Year Estimates – Tableتسعة ONS". statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةlga1972 -
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةGM Gazetteer - ^ At 31 March 1974, Ringway was a civil parish in the Bucklow Rural District.
- ^ "Greater Manchester Met. C: Total Population". visionofbritain.org.uk. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
- ^ "Regional Gross Value Added (pp. 240–253)" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 21 December 2005. Retrieved 5 March 2008. []
- ^ "Regional GVA December 2007" (PDF). statistics.gov.uk. 2007. Retrieved 3 February 2008. []
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةpoplow
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وصلات خارجية
 |
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Greater Manchester. |
- www.agma.gov.uk, the Association of Greater Manchester Authorities
- www.gmcro.co.uk, the Greater Manchester County Record Office, for historical records relating to Greater Manchester
- www.visitmanchester.com, the official tourism website for Greater Manchester
- مانشستر الكبرى at the Open Directory Project
Coordinates:
