حرب خاطفة
The classic characteristic of what is commonly known as "blitzkrieg" is a highly mobile form of infantry and armour working in combined arms teams.
الحرب الخاطفةBlitzkrieg هي نوع من الحرب سريعة الحركة، طورها الألمان أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية (1939- 1945م). في الحرب الخاطفة حيث تقوم دبابات البانزر السريعة، أوالقوات المتنوعة، بهجوم ساحق على خطوط العدوثم تكتسح إلى الداخل، تدعمها قاذفات الانقضاض. وطور الروس خطة الدفاع في العمق ليقابلوا بها الحرب الخاطفة. وكانوا يهجرون الألمان يكتسحون للداخل، ثم يفرون من شراكهم أويحيطون بالألمان المتقدمين ويدمرونهم. وقد سُميِّت غارات الألمان على لندن والمدن البريطانية الأخرى أثناء عامي 1940م، 1941م، بالغارات الجوية الخاطفة.
Organization of a 1941 German panzer division.
Heinz Guderian
طورت عدة دول المبادئ التي قام عليها مفهوم الحرب الخاطفة خلال العشرينيات والثلاثينيات من القرن الماضي، لكن الجيش الألماني (الفيرماخت) كان من طبق هذا المفهوم واستخدمه على نطاق واسع خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية. تتضمن الحرب الخاطفة شن قذف مدفعي مكثف يهدف إلى إلحاق أكبر قدر من الخسائر بقوات العدو، بالإضافة إلى التأثير على معنويات الجنود المدافعين. ثم يعقب ذلك هجوماً بالوحدات الجوية من قاذفات ومقاتلات لتدمير النقاط الدفاعية للعدو، بعد ذلك يأتي دور وحدات المدرعات التي تتبعها وحدات مشاة ميكانيكية مجهزة بآليات مدرعة ومدفعية مضادة للطائرات.
التفوق الجوي
The Hawker Typhoon posed a serious threat to German armour and motor vehicles during the Battle of Normandy in 1944.
عمليات
بولندا 1939
In Poland, fast moving armies encircled Polish forces (blue circles), but the blitzkrieg idea never really took hold – artillery and infantry forces acted in time-honoured fashion to crush these pockets.
أوروبا الغربية 1940
German advances during the Battle of Belgium
German advances during the Battle of France
الاتحاد السوفياتي الجبهة الشرقية 1941-1944
After 1941–42, armored formations were increasingly used as a mobile reserve against Allied breakthroughs. The black arrows depict armored counter-attacks.
انظر أيضا
- AirLand Battle, blitzkrieg-like doctrine of US Army in 1980s
- Armored warfare
- Rush (computer and video games), an RTS strategy influenced by the blitzkrieg method
- Shock and Awe, the 21st century American military doctrine
- Vernichtungsgedanken, or 'annihilation thoughts', one of blitzkrieg predecessors
- Mission-type tactics, tactical battle doctrine of delegation and initiative stimulation
- Deep Battle, Soviet Red Army Military Doctrine from the 1930s often confused with blitzkrieg.
- Battleplan (documentary TV series)
المصادر
- الموسوعة المعهدية الكاملة
الهوامش
مراجع
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- نطقب:CondellZabecki2001
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Powaski, Ronald E. (2003). Lightning War: Blitzkrieg in the West, 1940. John Wiley. ISBN Check
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Powaski, Ronald E. (2008). Lightning War: Blitzkrieg in the West, 1940. Book Sales, Inc. ISBN Check
|isbn=value: invalid character (help). - Shirer, William. (1969) The Collapse of the Third Republic: An Inquiry into the Collapse of France in 1940. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780671203375
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وصلات خارجية
- . Fort Leavenworth/Washington: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College.
- . Thesis submitted to The Faculty of Columbian School of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts; directed by Andrew Zimmerman, Assistant Professor of History. (Microsoft Word document).
