الجامعة الإسلامية (توحيد المسلمين)
| جزء من سلسلة السياسة عن |
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مواضيع أساسية
Political aspects of Islam
Islamic fundamentalism الجامعة الإسلامية إنتقاد الإسلام السياسي |
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حركات
الوهابية • السلفية • القطبية
الصحوة الإسلامية |
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الأهداف
الخلافة • دولة الإسلام • Shari'a law
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مظاهره
أسلمة • الطلبنة
الشرطة الإسلامية الإرهاب الإسلامي |
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مفاهيم
جهاد • الفتنة • كافر • تكفير
مجاهدين • أمة تقسيمات العالم في الإسلام |
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نصوص أساسية
(Qutb)
(Khomeini) |
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بوابة إسلام بوابة السياسة |
الجامعة الإسلامية هي حركة سياسية تهدف لتوحد المسلمين تحت دولة إسلامية قائمة على الخلافة. As a form of religious nationalism, Pan-Islamism differentiates itself from other pan-nationalistic ideologies, for example Pan-Arabism, by excluding culture and ethnicity as primary factors towards unification.
وكنوع من القومية الدينية , تختلف الجامعة الإسلامية عن الوحدات القومية الأخرى في أيديولوجياتها , عملى سبيل المثال القومية العربية
مجاهدين
مفهوم المجاهدين المسلمين مرتبط بمفهوم الجامعة الإسلامية , فالمجاهدين يأتون من بقاع العالم الإسلامي المتنوعة للمشاركة والمساعدة في الدفاع والعمل على تحرير الأراضي الإسلامية .
تاريخ
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جز من سلسلة منطقات عن
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| نقد | |
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الإسلام · محمد · القرآن · الإسلام السياسي | |
| القضايا | |
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الردة · ذمي · اورابيا | |
| كبار المنتقدين المعاصرين | |
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أيان حرصي علي · إرشاد منجي | |
| مسلمون | |
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قائمة معتقلي خليج گوانتانامو
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| 'أحداث منذ 2001 | |
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أحداث 11 سبتمبر 2001
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The model pan-Islamism aims for is the early years of Islam — the reign of Muhammad and the early caliphate — when the Muslim world was thought to be strong and uncorrupted in one united state.
In the modern era, Pan-Islamism was championed by Jamal al-Din al-Afghani who sought unity among Muslims to resist colonial occupation of Muslim lands. Although sometimes described as "liberal", al-Afghani did not advocate constitutional government but simply envisioned “the overthrow of individual rulers who were lax or subservient to foreigners, and their replacement by strong and patriotic men.” In a review of the theoretical articles of his Paris-base newspaper there was nothing "favoring political democracy or parliamentarianism,” according to his biographer.
While Afghani's interest in Islamic law and theology was scant, later Pan-Islamism in the post-colonial world was strongly associated with Islamism. Leading Islamists such as Sayyid Qutb, Abul Ala Maududi, and Ayatollah Khomeini all stressed their belief that a return to traditional Sharia law would make Islam united and strong again.
In the period of decolonialism following World War II, Arab nationalism overshadowed Islamism. In the Arab world secular pan-Arab parties — Baath and Nasserist parties - had offshoots in almost every Arab country, and took power in Egypt, Libya, Iraq and Syria. Islamists suffered severe repression; its major thinker Syed Qutb, was imprisoned, underwent torture and was later executed.
Following the defeat of Arab armies in the Six-Day War, Islamism and Pan-Islam began to reverse their relative position of popularity with nationalism and pan-Arabism. In 1979 the Iranian Revolution ousted Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi from power, and ten years later the Afghan Muslim mujahideen successfully forced the Soviet Union from Afghanistan.
These events galvanised Islamists the world over and heightened their popularity with the Muslim public. Throughout the Middle-East, and in particular Egypt, the various branches of the Muslim Brotherhood have significantly challenged the secular nationalist or monarchical Muslim governments.
In Pakistan the Jamaat-e-Islami enjoyed popular support especially since the formation of the MMA, and in Algeria the FIS was expected to win the cancelled elections in 1992. Since the collapse of the الاتحاد السوڤيتي, Hizb-ut-Tahrir has emerged as a Pan-Islamist force in Central Asia and in the last five years has developed some support the Arab world.
أنظر أيضًا
- الخلافة
- أمة
- العلاقات بين السنة والشيعة
- الوحدة الإسلامية
- الشتات
- تقسيمات العالم في الإسلام
منظمات:
- مجاهدين بوسنين
- الإخوان المسلمون
- حزب التحرير
تاريخ:
- حركة خلافات
- Silk Letter Conspiracy
قراءات إضافية
- Azmi Özcan. Pan-Islamism: Indian Muslims, the Ottomans and Britain (1877-1924), Brill Academic Publishers, 1997, ISBN 9-004-10180-2.
- Nazir Ahmad Khan Chaudri. Commonwealth of Muslim States: a plea for Pan-Islamism, al-Ahibba (Friends of the Muslim World Muhibban-e-Alam-e-Islami), 1972.
- M. Naeem Qureshi. Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918-1924, Brill Academic Publishers, 1999, ISBN 9-004-10214-0.
- Spencer, Robert (2003). Onward Muslim Soldiers. Regnery Publishing, USA. ISBN .
- Spencer, Robert (2005). The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (And the Crusades). Regnery Publishing, USA. ISBN .
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Malik, S. K. (1986). The Quranic Concept of War. Himalayan Books. ISBN 8170020204. External link in
|title=(help) - Swarup, Ram (1982). Understanding Islam through Hadis. Voice of Dharma. ISBN .
- Trifkovic, Serge (2006). Defeating Jihad. Regina Orthodox Press, USA. ISBN 192865326X.
- Landau, Jacob M. (1990). The Politics of Pan-Islam: Ideology and Organization. Clarendon Press, Oxford. ISBN 0-19-827709-1.
- Phillips, Melanie (2006). Londonistan: How Britain is Creating a Terror State Within. Encounter books. ISBN 1-59403-144-4.
مراجع
- ^ Ottomanism, Pan-Islamism, and the Caliphate; Discourse at the Turn of the 20th Century, American University in Cairo, The Middle East Studies Program
- ^ such as by a contemporary English admirer, Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, (see: Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, Secret History of the English Occupation of Egypt (London: Unwin, 1907), p. 100.)
- ^ Nikki R. Keddie, Sayyid Jamal ad-Din “al-Afghani”: A Political Biography (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972), pp. 225-26.
- ^ Faith and Power by Edward Mortimer Vintage; Vintage Books, 1982)
- ^ Hizb-ut-Tahrir's Growing Appeal in the Arab World Jamestown Foundation
روابط خارجية
- Pan-Islamism in Oxford Islamic Studies Online
- al-Afghani's Vision of a Pan-Islamic Civilization
- al-Afghani Bibliography
