گريتا گاربو

گريتا گاربو
گريتا گاربو
	Garbo in a publicity still for Susan Lenox (1931)
وُلـِد	Greta Lovisa Gustafsson; 18 سبتمبر 1905; ستوكهولم، السويد
توفي	15 أبريل 1990 (عن عمر 84 عاماً); نيويورك، نيويورك، الولايات المتحدة
المهنة	ممثلة
سنوات النشاط	1920–1941
المسقط الإلكتروني	http://www.gretagarbo.com/

گرِتا گاربو Greta Garbo (و. 18 سبتمبر 1905 – 15 أبريل 1990) هي ممثلة سويدية المولد, اشتهرت بعد حتى مثلت في الفيلم الصامت (Gösta Berlings saga) المأخوذ من رواية لسلمى لاگرلوف, مضىت إلى هوليوود وبفترة قصيرة أصبحت أكثر نجوم السينما شعبية في العالم, توقفت عن التمثيل عام 1942.

الطفولة والشباب

العمل

العمل في سن مبكرة (1920–1924)

Garbo in her first leading role with Lars Hanson in the Swedish The Saga of Gösta Berling (1924), directed by Mauritz Stiller

الأفلام الصامتة (1925–1929)

In Flesh and the Devil (1926) with John Gilbert

Garbo's 8th Hollywood silent, Wild Orchids (1929)

Queen of MGM (1930–1939)

Garbo in her first talkie, Anna Christie (1930)

In Mata Hari (1931)

In Anna Karenina (1935)

With John Barrymore in Grand Hotel (1932)

آخر عمل (1940–1948)

"Garbo Laughs!" With Melvyn Douglas in Ernst Lubitsch's comedy Ninotchka (1939)

الإعتزال

Garbo signing her US citizenship papers, in 1950

العلاقات

وفاتها

Gravestone of Greta Garbo

الجوائز والتكريمات

A German postage stamp featuring Garbo

الإرث

Garbo in a publicity still for Inspiration (1931)

أفلامها

Film credits
Year	Title	Role	Director	Co-star	Notes
1920	Mr. and Mrs. Stockholm Go Shopping	Elder sister			بالسويدية: Herrskapet Stockholm ute på inköp; An advertisement. Garbo's segment is often known as How Not to Dress.
1921	The Gay Cavalier	Garbo played an extra.			بالسويدية: En lyckoriddare; Uncredited. The film is lost.
1921	Our Daily Bread	Companion			بالسويدية: Konsum Stockholm Promo; An advertisement
1922	Peter the Tramp	Greta			بالسويدية: Luffar-Petter; A two-reel comedy; Garbo's first part in a commercial film
1924	Saga of Gosta Berling, TheThe Saga of Gosta Berling	Elizabeth Dohna	Stiller, MauritzMauritz Stiller	Hanson, LarsLars Hanson	بالسويدية: Gösta Berling's Saga; Garbo’s first leading part in a feature-length film, directed by her mentor, the celebrated Mauritz Stiller.
1925	Joyless Street, TheThe Joyless Street	Greta Rumfort	Pabst, G. W.G. W. Pabst	Nielsen, AstaAsta Nielsen	بالألمانية: Die freudlose Gasse; Garbo plays the principal role in this German film made by renowned director Pabst
1926	Torrent	Leonora Moreno aka La Brunna	Bell, MontaMonta Bell	Cortez, RicardoRicardo Cortez	First American movie. All of Garbo's subsequent movies were made in Hollywood and produced by MGM.
1926	Temptress, TheThe Temptress	Elena	Niblo, FredFred Niblo	Moreno, AntonioAntonio Moreno	Stiller was originally assigned to direct; his directing methods and personality led to conflicts with MGM producer Irving Thalberg who fired him.
1926	Flesh and the Devil	Felicitas	Brown, ClarenceClarence Brown	Gilbert, JohnJohn Gilbert	First of seven Garbo movies directed by Clarence Brown and first of four with co-star John Gilbert
1927	Love	Anna Karenina	Goulding, EdmundEdmund Goulding	Gilbert, JohnJohn Gilbert	Adapted from the novel Anna Karenina by Tolstoy
1928	Divine Woman, TheThe Divine Woman	Marianne	Seastrom, VictorVictor Seastrom	Hanson, LarsLars Hanson	The film is lost; only aتسعة minute reel exists.
1928	Mysterious Lady, TheThe Mysterious Lady	Tania Fedorova	Niblo, FredFred Niblo	Nagel, ConradConrad Nagel
1928	Woman of Affairs, AA Woman of Affairs	Diana Merrick Furness	Brown, ClarenceClarence Brown	Gilbert, JohnJohn Gilbert	The first of seven Garbo films with actor Lewis Stone who, with the exception of Wild Orchids, played secondary roles.
1929	Wild Orchids	Lillie Sterling	Franklin, SidneySidney Franklin	Asther, NilsNils Asther
1929	Single Standard, TheThe Single Standard	Arden Stuart Hewlett	Robertson, John S.John S. Robertson	Asther, NilsNils Asther, Brown, John MackJohn Mack Brown
1929	Kiss, TheThe Kiss	Irene Guarry	Feyder, JacquesJacques Feyder	Nagel, ConradConrad Nagel	Garbo's, and MGM's, last silent picture
1930	Anna Christie	Anna Christie	Brown, ClarenceClarence Brown	Bickford, CharlesCharles Bickford, Dressler, MarieMarie Dressler	Garbo's first talkie and first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress
1930	Romance	Madame Rita Cavallini	Brown, ClarenceClarence Brown	Gordon, GavinGavin Gordon	Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress
1930	Anna Christie	Anna Christie	Feyder, JacquesJacques Feyder	Junkermann, HansHans Junkermann, Viertel, SalkaSalka Viertel	MGM's German version of Anna Christie was also released in 1930; Salka Viertel, Garbo's close friend, later co-wrote several of her screenplays.
1931	Inspiration	Yvonne Valbret	Brown, ClarenceClarence Brown	Montgomery, RobertRobert Montgomery
1931	Susan Lenox (Her Fall and Rise)	Susan Lenox	Leonard, Robert Z.Robert Z. Leonard	Gable, ClarkClark Gable
1931	Mata Hari	Mata Hari	Fitzmaurice, GeorgeGeorge Fitzmaurice	Novarro, RamonRamon Novarro	After the multi-star Grand Hotel, Garbo's highest grossing film
1932	Grand Hotel	Grusinskaya	Goulding, EdmundEdmund Goulding	Barrymore, JohnJohn Barrymore, Barrymore, LionelLionel Barrymore, Crawford, JoanJoan Crawford, Beery, WallaceWallace Beery	Academy Award for Best Picture
1932	As You Desire Me	Zara aka Marie	Fitzmaurice, GeorgeGeorge Fitzmaurice	Douglas, MelvynMelvyn Douglas, Stroheim, Erich vonErich von Stroheim	First of three movies with Douglas
1933	Queen Christina	Queen Christina	Mamoulian, RoubenRouben Mamoulian	Gilbert, JohnJohn Gilbert
1934	Painted Veil, TheThe Painted Veil	Katrin Koerber Fane	Boleslavski, RichardRichard Boleslavski	Brent, GeorgeGeorge Brent
1935	Anna Karenina	Anna Karenina	Brown, ClarenceClarence Brown	March, FredricFredric March	New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress
1936	Camille	Marguerite Gautier	Cukor, GeorgeGeorge Cukor	Taylor, RobertRobert Taylor	New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress National Board of Review Best Acting Award Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress
1937	Conquest	Countess Marie Walewska	Brown, ClarenceClarence Brown	Boyer, CharlesCharles Boyer	MGM lost more money on this picture than any prior to 1949^[];
1939	Ninotchka	Nina Ivanovna "Ninotchka" Yakushova	Lubitsch, ErnstErnst Lubitsch	Douglas, MelvynMelvyn Douglas	National Board of Review Best Acting Award Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress Nominated—New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress
1941	Two-Faced Woman	Karin Borg Blake	Cukor, GeorgeGeorge Cukor	Douglas, MelvynMelvyn Douglas	National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Best Acting Award

المصادر

^ (DVD). New York: Kino International. 2006. نطقب:UPC.
^ Bacon, Henry (1998). . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 208 ff. ISBN . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
^ Beugnet, Martine; Schmid, Marion (2004). . Studies in European Cultural Transition. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 50 ff. ISBN . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
^ Biery 1928a. When I wasn't thinking, wasn't wondering what it was all about, this living; I was dreaming. Dreaming how I could become a player.
^ Biery 1928a. I hated school. I hated the bonds they put on me. There were so many things outside. I liked history best but I was afraid of the map—geography you call it. But I had to go to go to school like other children. The public school, just as you have in this country.
^ Biery 1928a. I didn't play much. Except skating and skiing and throwing snowballs. I did most of my playing by thinking. I played a little with my brother and sister, pretending we were in shows. Like other children. But usually I did my own pretending. I was up and down. Very happy one moment, the next moment – there was nothing left for me.
^ Biery 1928a. Then I found a theater. I must have been six or seven. Two theaters, really. One was a cabaret; one a regular theater, – across from one another. And there was a back porch to both of them. A long plank on which the actors and actresses walked to get in the back door. I used to go there at seven o'clock in the evening, when they would be coming in, and wait until eight-thirty. Watch them come in; listen to them getting ready. The big back door was always open even in the coldest weather. Listen to their voices doing their parts in the productions. Smell the grease paint! There is no smell in the world like the smell of the backyard of a theater. No smell that will mean as much to me – ever. Night after night, I sat there dreaming. Dreaming when I would be inside – getting ready.
^ Biery 1928c. Mr. Stiller is an artist. He does not understand about the American factories. He has always made his own pictures in Europe, where he is the master. In our country it is always the small studio. He does not understand the American Business. He could speak no English. So he was taken off the picture. It was given to Mr. Niblo. How I was broken to pieces, nobody knows. I was so unhappy I did not think I could go on.
^ Billquist, Fritiof (1960). . New York: Putnam. p. 106. OCLC 277166. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ Brown, John Mason (1965). . New York: Harper & Row. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010. I want to go on record as saying that Greta Garbo in The Temptress knocked me for a loop. I had seen Miss Garbo once before, in The Torrent. I had been mildly impressed by her visualeffectiveness. In The Temptress, however, this effectiveness proves positively devastating. She may not be the best actress on the screen. I am powerless to formulate an opinion on her dramatic technique. But there is no room for argument as to the efficacy of her allure... [She] qualifies herewith as the official Dream Princess of the Silent Drama Department of Life.
^ Conway, Michael; McGregor, Dion; Ricci, Mark (1968). . Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press. p. 51. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010. Harriette Underhill in the New York Herald Tribune: 'This is the first time we have seen Miss Garbo and she is a delight to the eyes! We may also add that she is a magnetic woman and a finished actress. In fact, she leaves nothing to be desired. Such a profile, such grace, such poise, and most of all, such eyelashes. They swish the air at least a half-inch beyond her languid orbs. Miss Garbo is not a conventional beauty, yet she makes all other beauties seem a little obvious.نطقب:'-
^ Crafton, Donald (22 November 1999). . History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 206–7. ISBN . Retrieved 17 July 2010.
^ Crafton, Donald (22 November 1999). . History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 295. ISBN . Retrieved 17 July 2010.
^ Crafton, Donald (22 November 1999). . History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 494–5. ISBN . Retrieved 17 July 2010. In December 1929, according to the volume of Photoplay fan mail (...) Garbo remained the leading female star.
^ D'Amico, Silvio (1962). (in Italian). Rome: Casa editrice Le Maschere. p. 901. Retrieved 25 July 2010.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ Flamini, Roland (22 February 1994). . New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ Forrest, Jennifer; Koos, Leonard R. (2002). . SUNY Series, Cultural Studies in Cinema/Video. Abany: State University of New York Press. pp. 151–152. ISBN . Retrieved 25 July 2010.
^ Furhammar, Leif (1991). (in Swedish). Höganäs: Wiken. p. 129. ISBN . Retrieved 24 July 2010. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ Gever, Martha (8 September 2003). . Cambridge: New York. p. 144. ISBN . Retrieved 24 July 2010.
^ Golden, Eve (2001). . Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 106. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ Hall, Hadaunt (22 February 1926). "A New Swedish Actress". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2010. In this current effort Greta Garbo, a Swedish actress, who is fairly well known in Germany, makes her screen bow to American audiences. As a result of her ability, her undeniable prepossessing appearance and her expensive taste in fur coats, she steals most of the thunder in this vehicle
^ Hall, Morduant (11 October 1926). "The Temptress Another Ibanez Story". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ Jacobs, Lea (2 April 2008). . Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 258–9. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ Katchmer, George A. (1991). . Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 193. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ Kellow, Brian (November 2004). . Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 338. ISBN . Retrieved 25 July 2010.
^ Koszarski, Richard (4 May 1994). . History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 253. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ Lektyr (in Swedish). 9 (3). 17. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Check date values in: |date=, |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ Limbacher, James L. (1968). . Aspects of film. New York: Brussel & Brussel. p. 219. ISBN . Retrieved 17 July 2010.
^ Mariani, John (29 December 1975). "The Greatest Movie Set Ever". New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. 9 (1): 54. ISSN 0028-7369. Retrieved 23 July 2010.
^ NYTimes 1936. A woman held out a letter of introduction she said was written by a mutual friend, and Garbo said coldly: "I never accept letters."
^ NYTimes 1936. (Garbo) refused to write her name for autograph hunters or to pose for newsreels.
^ NYTimes 1936. For the first time since she achieved international eminence in the motion-picture world, Miss Garbo granted an interview to the press and received the reporters en masse in the smoking lounge while the ship was at Quarantine.
^ "Greta Garbo Honored". The New York Times. ثلاثة November 1983. p. 17. Retrieved 25 July 2010. Greta Garbo was made a Commander of the Swedish Order of the North Star yesterday by order of King Carl XVI Gustaf, the King of Sweden. The private ceremony in the New York home of Mrs. Jane Gunther was also attended by Mr. and Mrs. Sydney Gruson. The honor, extended only to foreigners, was presented to Miss Garbo by Count Wilhelm Wachtmeister, the Swedish Ambassador to the United States, in recognition of the actress's distinguished service to Sweden. Miss Garbo, born in Stockholm, is now an American citizen.
^ NYTimes 1990. In a rare statement to reporters she acknowledged, "I feel able to express myself only through my roles, not in words, and that is why I try to avoid talking to the press."
^ NYTimes 1990. A declaration often attributed to her was, "I want to be alone." Actually she said, "I want to be let alone."
^ NYTimes 1990. Her penchant for privacy broke all of Hollywood's rules, said her biographer, John Bainbridge. Except at the start of her career, he wrote in Garbo, she "granted no interviews, signed no autographs, attended no premieres, answered no fan mail."
^ Parish, James Robert; Bowers, Ronald L. (1973). . London: Allan. p. 241. ISBN . Retrieved 26 July 2010.
^ Reid, John Howard (January 2006). . Morrisville, NC: Lulu Press. p. 44. ISBN . Retrieved 25 July 2010.
^ Rivera-Viruet, Rafael J.; Resto, Max (2008). . New York: Terramax Entertainment. pp. 31–37. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ Sjölander, Ture (1971). . New York: Harper & Row. pp. 12–13. ISBN . Retrieved 24 July 2010.
^ "Garbo: A TCM Original Documentary". TurnerClassicMovies.com. Turner Classic Movies. 12 November 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
^ Thomsen, Bodil Marie (1997). (in Danish). Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 129. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "People, Mar. 1, 1971". Time. 1 March 1971. Retrieved 26 July 2010. Hardly since General Douglas MacArthur's 'I shall return' has so momentous a comeback loomed. According to Italian Cinema Director Luchino Visconti, fabled Film Star Greta Garbo, 65, who has been dodging cameras for 30 years, has actually asked to play in his forthcoming movie version of Marcel Proust's seven-volume Remembrance of Things Past. The role that caught her fancy: Maria Sophia, the sixtyish Queen of Naples, who will have only one scene. Nothing has been signed as yet, but Visconti sounded as if Garbo's reappearance was already a fait accompli. Said he: 'I am very pleased at the idea that this woman, with her severe and authoritarian presence, should figure in the decadent and rarefied climate of the world described by Proust.نطقب:'-
^ "The Torrent Review". Variety. 1 January 1926. Retrieved 20 July 2010. Greta Garbo, making her American debut as a screen star, has everything with looks, acting ability and personality. When one is a Scandinavian and can put over a Latin characterization with sufficient power to make it most convincing, need there be any more said regarding her ability? She makes The Torrent worthwhile.
^ Vieira, Mark A. (15 November 2009). . Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 67. ISBN . Retrieved 22 July 2010.
^ Walker, Alexander; Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (October 1980). . New York: Macmillan. p. 41. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ Ware, Susan; Braukman, Stacy Lorraine (2004). . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 227–228. ISBN . Retrieved 24 July 2010. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Wollstein, Hans J. (1994). . Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. p. 95. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ Zierold, Norman J. (1969). . New York: Stein and Day. p. 164. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010. نطقب:-'Greta Garbo vitalizes the name part of this picture. She is the Temptress. Her tall, swaying figure moves Cleopatra-ishly from delirious Paris to the virile Argentine. Her alluring mouth and volcanic, slumbrous eyes enfire men to such passion that friendships collapse.' Dorothy Herzog, New York Mirror (1926):

قائمة المراجع

Bainbridge, John (1955). (1st ed.). Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 256 pages. OCLC 1215789. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
- —— (1971). (reissued) (1st ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 320 pages. ISBN . Retrieved 22 July 2010.
Bainbridge, John (10 January 1955). "The Great Garbo". Life. Retrieved 22 July 2010.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Bainbridge, John (17 January 1955). "The Great Garbo: Part Two: Greta's Haunted Path to Stardom". Life. Retrieved 22 July 2010.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Bainbridge, John (24 January 1955). "The Great Garbo: Part Three: The Braveness to Be Herself". Life. Retrieved 22 July 2010.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Biery, Ruth (April 1928). "The Story of Greta Garbo As Told By her to Ruth Biery, Chapter I". Photoplay. Retrieved 22 July 2010.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Biery, Ruth (May 1928). 1928-garbo-story.html "The Story of Greta Garbo As Told By her to Ruth Biery, Chapter II" Check |url= value (help). Photoplay. Retrieved 22 July 2010.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Biery, Ruth (June 1928). "The Story of Greta Garbo As Told By her to Ruth Biery, Chapter III". Photoplay. Retrieved 22 July 2010.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Borg, Sven Hugo (1933). . London: Amalgamated Press. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
Chandler, Charlotte (2010). . New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 119. ISBN . Retrieved 21 August 2011.
LaSalle, Mick (6 July 2005). "Interview with John Gilbert's daughter, Leatrice Gilbert Fountain". San Francisco Chronicle.
"Greta Garbo Back – A Bit Less Aloof: Film Star, Still Showing the Effects of Illness, Consents to 10-Minute interview". The New York Times. أربعة May 1936. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
New York Times, The (16 April 1990). "Greta Garbo, 84, Screen Icon Who Fled Her Stardom, Dies". Retrieved 22 July 2010.
Palmborg, Rilla Page (1931). . Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. ISBN . Retrieved 22 July 2010.
Paris, Barry (1994). Garbo. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN .
Ricci, Stefania, ed. (2010). Greta Garbo: The Mystery of Style. Milan: Skira Editore. ISBN .
Souhami, Diana (1994). . San Francisco: Harper. ISBN . Retrieved 24 July 2010.
Swenson, Karen (1997). . New York: Scribner. ISBN .
Vickers, Hugo (1994). Loving Garbo: The Story of Greta Garbo, Cecil Beaton, and Mercedes de Acosta. New York: Random House. ISBN .
Vieira, Mark A. (2005). Greta Garbo: A Cinematic Legacy. New York: Harry A. Abrams. ISBN .

وصلات خارجية

اقرأ اقتباسات ذات علاقة بگريتا گاربو، في فهم الاقتباس.

گريتا گاربوat AllMovie
گريتا گاربوat the Internet Movie Database
Greta Garbo at the TCM Movie Database
Greta Garbo Biography—Yahoo! Movies
Garbo History

نطقب:AFI 100 Stars

[GostaBerlingDVD-1] (DVD). New York: Kino International. 2006. نطقب:UPC.

[Bacon1998p208ff-2] Bacon, Henry (1998). . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 208 ff. ISBN . Retrieved 26 July 2010.

[BeugnetSchmid2004p50ff-3] Beugnet, Martine; Schmid, Marion (2004). . Studies in European Cultural Transition. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 50 ff. ISBN . Retrieved 26 July 2010.

[Biery1928a-dreaming-4] Biery 1928a. When I wasn't thinking, wasn't wondering what it was all about, this living; I was dreaming. Dreaming how I could become a player.

[Biery1928a-hatesc-5] Biery 1928a. I hated school. I hated the bonds they put on me. There were so many things outside. I liked history best but I was afraid of the map—geography you call it. But I had to go to go to school like other children. The public school, just as you have in this country.

[Biery1928a-noplay-6] Biery 1928a. I didn't play much. Except skating and skiing and throwing snowballs. I did most of my playing by thinking. I played a little with my brother and sister, pretending we were in shows. Like other children. But usually I did my own pretending. I was up and down. Very happy one moment, the next moment – there was nothing left for me.

[Biery1928a-sixorseven-7] Biery 1928a. Then I found a theater. I must have been six or seven. Two theaters, really. One was a cabaret; one a regular theater, – across from one another. And there was a back porch to both of them. A long plank on which the actors and actresses walked to get in the back door. I used to go there at seven o'clock in the evening, when they would be coming in, and wait until eight-thirty. Watch them come in; listen to them getting ready. The big back door was always open even in the coldest weather. Listen to their voices doing their parts in the productions. Smell the grease paint! There is no smell in the world like the smell of the backyard of a theater. No smell that will mean as much to me – ever. Night after night, I sat there dreaming. Dreaming when I would be inside – getting ready.

[Biery1928c-Stiller-artist-8] Biery 1928c. Mr. Stiller is an artist. He does not understand about the American factories. He has always made his own pictures in Europe, where he is the master. In our country it is always the small studio. He does not understand the American Business. He could speak no English. So he was taken off the picture. It was given to Mr. Niblo. How I was broken to pieces, nobody knows. I was so unhappy I did not think I could go on.

[Billquist1960-9] Billquist, Fritiof (1960). . New York: Putnam. p. 106. OCLC 277166. Retrieved 20 July 2010.

[Brown1965-10] Brown, John Mason (1965). . New York: Harper & Row. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010. I want to go on record as saying that Greta Garbo in The Temptress knocked me for a loop. I had seen Miss Garbo once before, in The Torrent. I had been mildly impressed by her visualeffectiveness. In The Temptress, however, this effectiveness proves positively devastating. She may not be the best actress on the screen. I am powerless to formulate an opinion on her dramatic technique. But there is no room for argument as to the efficacy of her allure... [She] qualifies herewith as the official Dream Princess of the Silent Drama Department of Life.

[ConwayMcGregorRicci1968p51-11] Conway, Michael; McGregor, Dion; Ricci, Mark (1968). . Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press. p. 51. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010. Harriette Underhill in the New York Herald Tribune: 'This is the first time we have seen Miss Garbo and she is a delight to the eyes! We may also add that she is a magnetic woman and a finished actress. In fact, she leaves nothing to be desired. Such a profile, such grace, such poise, and most of all, such eyelashes. They swish the air at least a half-inch beyond her languid orbs. Miss Garbo is not a conventional beauty, yet she makes all other beauties seem a little obvious.نطقب:'-

[Crafton1999pg206-12] Crafton, Donald (22 November 1999). . History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 206–7. ISBN . Retrieved 17 July 2010.

[Crafton1999pg295-13] Crafton, Donald (22 November 1999). . History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 295. ISBN . Retrieved 17 July 2010.

[Crafton1999pg495-14] Crafton, Donald (22 November 1999). . History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 494–5. ISBN . Retrieved 17 July 2010. In December 1929, according to the volume of Photoplay fan mail (...) Garbo remained the leading female star.

[DAmico1962p901-15] D'Amico, Silvio (1962). (in Italian). Rome: Casa editrice Le Maschere. p. 901. Retrieved 25 July 2010.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[Flamini1994-16] Flamini, Roland (22 February 1994). . New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.

[ForrestKoos2002p151-152-17] Forrest, Jennifer; Koos, Leonard R. (2002). . SUNY Series, Cultural Studies in Cinema/Video. Abany: State University of New York Press. pp. 151–152. ISBN . Retrieved 25 July 2010.

[Furhammar1991p129-18] Furhammar, Leif (1991). (in Swedish). Höganäs: Wiken. p. 129. ISBN . Retrieved 24 July 2010. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[Gever2003p144-19] Gever, Martha (8 September 2003). . Cambridge: New York. p. 144. ISBN . Retrieved 24 July 2010.

[Golden2001-20] Golden, Eve (2001). . Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 106. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.

[HallHadaunt1926-21] Hall, Hadaunt (22 February 1926). "A New Swedish Actress". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2010. In this current effort Greta Garbo, a Swedish actress, who is fairly well known in Germany, makes her screen bow to American audiences. As a result of her ability, her undeniable prepossessing appearance and her expensive taste in fur coats, she steals most of the thunder in this vehicle

[HallMorduant1926-22] Hall, Morduant (11 October 1926). "The Temptress Another Ibanez Story". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2010.

[Jacobs2008-23] Jacobs, Lea (2 April 2008). . Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 258–9. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.

[Katchmer1991-24] Katchmer, George A. (1991). . Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 193. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.

[Kellow2004p338-25] Kellow, Brian (November 2004). . Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 338. ISBN . Retrieved 25 July 2010.

[Koszarski1994-26] Koszarski, Richard (4 May 1994). . History of the American Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 253. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.

[Lektyr1931-27] Lektyr (in Swedish). 9 (3). 17. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Check date values in: |date=, |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[Limbacher1968p219-28] Limbacher, James L. (1968). . Aspects of film. New York: Brussel & Brussel. p. 219. ISBN . Retrieved 17 July 2010.

[Mariani1975p54-29] Mariani, John (29 December 1975). "The Greatest Movie Set Ever". New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. 9 (1): 54. ISSN 0028-7369. Retrieved 23 July 2010.

[NYT-GarboBack-letters-30] NYTimes 1936. A woman held out a letter of introduction she said was written by a mutual friend, and Garbo said coldly: "I never accept letters."

[NYT-GarboBack-refused-31] NYTimes 1936. (Garbo) refused to write her name for autograph hunters or to pose for newsreels.

[NYT-GarboBack-smokinglounge-32] NYTimes 1936. For the first time since she achieved international eminence in the motion-picture world, Miss Garbo granted an interview to the press and received the reporters en masse in the smoking lounge while the ship was at Quarantine.

[NYTimes1983-honored-33] "Greta Garbo Honored". The New York Times. ثلاثة November 1983. p. 17. Retrieved 25 July 2010. Greta Garbo was made a Commander of the Swedish Order of the North Star yesterday by order of King Carl XVI Gustaf, the King of Sweden. The private ceremony in the New York home of Mrs. Jane Gunther was also attended by Mr. and Mrs. Sydney Gruson. The honor, extended only to foreigners, was presented to Miss Garbo by Count Wilhelm Wachtmeister, the Swedish Ambassador to the United States, in recognition of the actress's distinguished service to Sweden. Miss Garbo, born in Stockholm, is now an American citizen.

[NYT-Obit-avoid-press-34] NYTimes 1990. In a rare statement to reporters she acknowledged, "I feel able to express myself only through my roles, not in words, and that is why I try to avoid talking to the press."

[NYT-Obit-let-alone-35] NYTimes 1990. A declaration often attributed to her was, "I want to be alone." Actually she said, "I want to be let alone."

[NYT-Obit-privacy-36] NYTimes 1990. Her penchant for privacy broke all of Hollywood's rules, said her biographer, John Bainbridge. Except at the start of her career, he wrote in Garbo, she "granted no interviews, signed no autographs, attended no premieres, answered no fan mail."

[ParishBowers1973p241-37] Parish, James Robert; Bowers, Ronald L. (1973). . London: Allan. p. 241. ISBN . Retrieved 26 July 2010.

[Reid2006p44-38] Reid, John Howard (January 2006). . Morrisville, NC: Lulu Press. p. 44. ISBN . Retrieved 25 July 2010.

[Resto2008-39] Rivera-Viruet, Rafael J.; Resto, Max (2008). . New York: Terramax Entertainment. pp. 31–37. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.

[Sjolander1971p12-13-40] Sjölander, Ture (1971). . New York: Harper & Row. pp. 12–13. ISBN . Retrieved 24 July 2010.

[TCM-GarboDoc-41] "Garbo: A TCM Original Documentary". TurnerClassicMovies.com. Turner Classic Movies. 12 November 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2010.

[Thomsen1997p129-42] Thomsen, Bodil Marie (1997). (in Danish). Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 129. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[Time1971-03-01-43] "People, Mar. 1, 1971". Time. 1 March 1971. Retrieved 26 July 2010. Hardly since General Douglas MacArthur's 'I shall return' has so momentous a comeback loomed. According to Italian Cinema Director Luchino Visconti, fabled Film Star Greta Garbo, 65, who has been dodging cameras for 30 years, has actually asked to play in his forthcoming movie version of Marcel Proust's seven-volume Remembrance of Things Past. The role that caught her fancy: Maria Sophia, the sixtyish Queen of Naples, who will have only one scene. Nothing has been signed as yet, but Visconti sounded as if Garbo's reappearance was already a fait accompli. Said he: 'I am very pleased at the idea that this woman, with her severe and authoritarian presence, should figure in the decadent and rarefied climate of the world described by Proust.نطقب:'-

[Variety-Torrent-44] "The Torrent Review". Variety. 1 January 1926. Retrieved 20 July 2010. Greta Garbo, making her American debut as a screen star, has everything with looks, acting ability and personality. When one is a Scandinavian and can put over a Latin characterization with sufficient power to make it most convincing, need there be any more said regarding her ability? She makes The Torrent worthwhile.

[Vieira2009p67-45] Vieira, Mark A. (15 November 2009). . Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 67. ISBN . Retrieved 22 July 2010.

[WalkerMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer1980-46] Walker, Alexander; Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (October 1980). . New York: Macmillan. p. 41. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.

[WareBraukman2004p227-228-47] Ware, Susan; Braukman, Stacy Lorraine (2004). . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 227–228. ISBN . Retrieved 24 July 2010. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[Wollstein1994-48] Wollstein, Hans J. (1994). . Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. p. 95. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010.

[Zierold1969p164-49] Zierold, Norman J. (1969). . New York: Stein and Day. p. 164. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2010. نطقب:-'Greta Garbo vitalizes the name part of this picture. She is the Temptress. Her tall, swaying figure moves Cleopatra-ishly from delirious Paris to the virile Argentine. Her alluring mouth and volcanic, slumbrous eyes enfire men to such passion that friendships collapse.' Dorothy Herzog, New York Mirror (1926):

Persondata
Name	گريتا گاربو
Alternative names	Gustafsson, Greta Lovisa (real name)
Short description	actress
Date of birth	18 سبتمبر 1905
Place of birth	ستوكهولم، السويد
Date of death	15 ابريل 1990
Place of death	مدينة نيويورك، الولايات المتحدة

گريتا گاربو
Garbo in a publicity still for Susan Lenox (1931)
وُلـِد	Greta Lovisa Gustafsson (1905-09-18)18 سبتمبر 1905 ستوكهولم، السويد
توفي	15 أبريل 1990(1990-04-15) (عن عمر 84 عاماً) نيويورك، نيويورك، الولايات المتحدة
المهنة	ممثلة
سنوات النشاط	1920–1941
المسقط الإلكتروني	http://www.gretagarbo.com/