إبهام

Thumb
	The Thumb.
Details
الشريان	princeps pollicis artery
لمف	infraclavicular lymph nodes
Identifiers
اللاتينية	pollex, digitus primus, digitus I
TA	خطأ لوا في وحدة:Wikidata على السطر 747: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
TH	{{#property:P1694
TE	{{#property:P1693
FMA	FMA:{{#property:P1402
	المصطلحات التشريحية [[[d:خطأ لوا في وحدة:Wikidata على السطر 866: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).\|edit on Wikidata]]]

للاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر إبهام (توضيح).

الابهام هوالاِصبع الأول في الكف، إبهام اليد البشرية يختلف عن بقية الأصابع في الاتجاه واتجاه الحركة بحيث يكمل مهام اليد مثل الامساك والضغط.

تعريف

باعتباره واحد من خمسة أرقام، ومصاحب لأربعة أصابع أخرى

إبهام لقاء

A bonobo "fishing" for termites, an example of incomplete/"untrue" opposition.

اللقاء والمقارب

الإبهام اللقاء Opposable thumb، هوإبهام يد مجموعة الرئيسات، والذي يمكن تحريكه إلى وضع لقاء للأصابع، فتزيد مهارة الفرد.

التشريح البشري

الهيكل العظمي

العضلات


Flexor pollicis longus (left) and deep muscles of dorsal forearm (left)

A ventral forearm muscle, the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) originates on the anterior side of the radius distal to the radial tuberosity and from the interosseous membrane. It passes through the carpal tunnel in a separate tendon sheath, after which it lies between the heads of the flexor pollicis brevis. It finally attaches onto the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. It is innervated by the anterior interosseus branch of the median nerve (C7-C8)


Thenar (left) and dorsal interossei (left) muscles

التباين

Hitchhiker's thumbs

القبضات


Left: In a power grip the object is in contact with the palm. left: Cricketer Jack Iverson's "bent finger grip", an unusual pad-to-side precision grip designed to confuse batsmen.

التطور

الحيوانات الأخرى مع أرقام لقاءة

انظر أيضا

Prehensility
Thumbcuffs

الهوامش

^ Norman/Georgetown clinicalconsiderations
^ "The Thumb is the Hero". The New York Times. January 11, 1981. Retrieved November 2010. The "fishing rod" a chimp strips of leaves and pokes into a termite nest to bring up a snack is as far as he'll ever get toward orbiting the planets. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ عبد الجليل هويدي، محمد أحمد هيكل (2004). أساسيات الجيولوجيا التاريخية. مخطة الدار العربية للخط.
^ Platzer 2004, p. 162

المصادر

Ankel-Simons, Friderun (2007). "Chapter 8: Postcranial Skeleton". Primate Anatomy (3rd ed.). Academic Press. p. 345. ISBN .

Austin, Noelle M. (2005). "Chapter 9: The Wrist and Hand Complex". In Levangie, Pamela K.; Norkin, Cynthia C. (eds.). Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis (4th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. ISBN .

Brown, David P.; Freeman, Eric D.; Cuccurullo, Sara; Freeman, Ted L. (2004). "Upper Extremities—Hand Region: Range of Motion of the Digits". In Cuccurullo, Sara (ed.). . Demos Medical Publishing. ISBN . (NCBI)

Brunelli, Giovanni R. (1999). "Stability in the first carpometacarpal joint". In Brüser, Peter; Gilbert, Alain (eds.). . Taylor & Francis. ISBN .

Byrne, R.W.; Byrne, J.M.E. (1993). "Complex Leaf-Gathering Skills of Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla g. beringei): Variability and Standardization" (PDF). American Journal of Primatology. John Wiley & Sons. 31 (4): 241. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350310402. ISSN 0275-2565.

Christel, Marianne I.; Kitzel, Stefanie; Niemitz, Carsten (30 November 2004). "How Precisely do Bonobos (Pan paniscus) Grasp Small Objects?". International Journal of Primatology. 19 (1): 165–194. doi:10.1023/A:1020319313219.

Costello, Michael B.; Fragaszy, Dorothy M. (March 1988). "Prehension in Cebus and Saimiri: I. Grip type and hand preference". American Journal of Primatology. Wiley-Liss. 15 (3): 235–245. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350150306.

de Klerk, W.J.; Forster, C.A.; Sampson, S.D.; Chinsamy, A. (2000). "A new coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2 (20): 324–332. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Franzen, JL; Gingerich, PD; Habersetzer, J; Hurum, JH (2009). Hawks, John (ed.). "Complete Primate Skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: Morphology and Paleobiology". PLoS ONE. 4 (5): e5723. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5723F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005723. PMC 2683573. PMID 19492084. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Harcourt-Smith, W E H; Aiello, L C (2004). "Fossils, feet and the evolution of human bipedal locomotion". Journal of anatomy. J Anat. 204 (5): 403–16. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00296.x. PMC 1571304. PMID 15198703. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Hsu, Ar-Tyan (July 2008). "Effect of Gender, Flexibility and Thumb Type on Thumb Tip Generation". Journal of Biomechanics. 41 (Supplement 1): S148. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(08)70148-9. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

McBride, Earl Duwain (1942). . Lippincott. p. 631.

McDade, Melissa C. (2003). "Koalas (Phascolartidae)". In Hutchins, Michael; Kleiman, Devra G.; Geist, Valerius; McDade, Melissa C. (eds.). Grzimek’s animal life encyclopedia: Volumes 12–16, Mammals I–V (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.

Moyà-Solà, Salvador; Köhler, Meike; Rook, Lorenzo (1999). "Evidence of hominid-like precision grip capability in the hand of the Miocene ape Oreopithecus" (PDF). PNAS. 96 (1): 313–317. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.1.313. PMC 15136. PMID 9874815. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Napier, John Russell (November 1956). "The prehensile movements of the human hand" (PDF). J Bone Joint Surg Br. 38 (4): 902–913. PMID 13376678.

Nowak, Ronald M. (1999). (6th ed.). JHU Press. ISBN .

Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN .

Slocum, D.B.; Pratt, D.R. (1946). "Disability Evaluation for the Hand" (PDF). Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 28 (3): 491.

van Nierop, Onno A.; van der Helm, Aadjan; Overbeeke, Kees J.; Djajadiningrat, Tom J.P. (2008). "A natural human hand model" (PDF). Visual Comput. 24 (24): 31–44. doi:10.1007/s00371-007-0176-x.

Young, Richard W. (2003). "Evolution of the human hand: the role of throwing and clubbing". Journal of Anatomy. 202 (1): 165–174. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00144.x. PMC 1571064. PMID 12587931. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)