التحالف الإنگليزي الياباني
التحالف الإنگليزي-الياباني (日英同盟 Nichi-Ei Dōmei) الأول وقـِّعه في لندن في ما الآن نادي لاندزداون، في 30 يناير 1902، جميع من اللورد لاندزداون (وزير الخارجية البريطاني) وهاياشي تاداسو(السفير الياباني في لندن). وكان ذلك انجازاً دبلوماسياً أنهى سياسة العزلة الرائعة لبريطانيا، وقد جـُدِّد التحالف ووُسـِّع نطاقه مرتين، في 1905 و1911، قبل انقضائه في 1921. وقد أُنهي رسمياً في 1923.
الدوافع والتحفظات
بنود معاهدة 1902
احتوت المعاهدة ست بنود:
التجديد في 1905 و1911
الآثار
The alliance was announced on February 12, 1902. In response, Russia sought to form alliances with France and Germany, which Germany declined. On 16 March 1902, a mutual pact was signed between France and Russia. China and the United States were strongly opposed to the alliance. Nevertheless, the nature of the Anglo-Japanese alliance meant that France was unable to come to Russia's aid in the الحرب الروسية اليابانية في 1904 as this would have meant going to war with Britain.
القيود
انقضاء المعاهدة
الهامش
- ^ "a home away from home - since 1935". The Lansdowne Club. Archived from the original on 13 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ Sydney Morning Herald, 13 February 1902.
- ^ "After some delay, and a failure to attend an earlier meeting, the Japanese local commander, Rear Admiral Jisaku Uzumi, came aboard HMS Nelson on the evening of 2 September, wearing the DSC he had earned as Britain's ally in the 1914-18 war, and surrendered the garrison. He fainted and was rushed to hospital; the military policemen who carried him there took his sword as a souvenir." Bayly & Harper, page 49
انظر أيضاً
- Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation
- العلاقات البريطانية اليابانية
المراجع
- Brebner, J. B. "Canada, The Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the Washington Conference." Political Science Quarterly 50, no. 1 (1935): 45-58.
- Daniels, Gordon, Janet Hunter, Ian Nish, and David Steeds. (2003). Studies in the Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902-1923): London School of Economics (LSE), Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines (STICERD) Paper No. IS/2003/443: Read Full paper (pdf) -- May 2008
- Lister-Hotta, Ayako, Ian Nish, and David Steeds. (2002). Anglo-Japanese Alliance: LSE STICERD Paper No. IS/2002/432: Read Full paper (pdf) -- May 2008
- Nish, Ian Hill. (1972). London: Athlone Press. 10-ISBN 0-485-13133-1; 13-ISBN 978-0-485-13133-8 (cloth)
- __________. (1966). London: Athlone Press. [reprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2004. 10-ISBN 0-415-32611-7; 13-ISBN 978-0-415-32611-7 (paper)]
- O'Brien, Phillips Payson. (2004). London: RoutledgeCurzon. 10-ISBN 0-415-32611-7; 13-ISBN 978-0-415-32611-7 cloth)
- Satow, Ernest and George Alexander Lensen. (1968). Tokyo: Sophia University Press/Tallahassee, Florida: Diplomatic Press. ASIN B0007JE7R6; ASIN: B000NP73RK
- Spinks, Charles N. "The Termination of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance." Pacific Historical Review 6, no. أربعة (1937): 321-340.
وصلات خارجية
- Main points of the Anglo-Japanese agreements - by FirstWorldWar.com
- Text of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902 (bilingual)
- Beasley, W. G. (1962). Boston: Frederick A. Praeger. ASIN B000HHFAWE (cloth) -- 10-ISBN 0-03-037931-8; 13-ISBN 978-0-03-037931-4 (paper)
