فقاعة عقارية

الفقاعة العقارية هي ثروات لأشخاص وشركات تعتمد على قيمة مرتفعة لعقارات (أراضي ومباني). وبناء على تلك الثروات يقترض الأشخاص والشركات من البنوك. وبمجرد ظهور شعور بفقدان الثقة في تلك النهضة العقارية، يتوقف ظهور مشترون جدد، فتنهار أسعار العقارات ويعجز المقترضون عن السداد، وتفلس الشركات والأفراد وأحيانا البنوك. وتنهار البورصة كما وقع في سوق المناخ بالكويت في 1983.

فقاعات عقارية حديثة

1983: الكويت

1990: اليابان

مؤشرات ثمن الإسكان

The Case–Shiller index (national, quarterly) 1987–2008, showing a housing bubble peaking in 2006.

Measures of house price are also used in identifying housing bubbles; these are known as house price indices (HPIs).

انظر أيضاً

Real estate pricing
Real estate appraisal
الاقتصاد العقاري
Deed in lieu of foreclosure
فقاعة اقتصادية
Foreclosure consultant
Estate (house)

الهامش

وصلات خارجية

الموضوعات

The Economist, December 8, 2005, "Hear that hissing sound?."
The Economist, June 16, 2005, "After the fall."
The Economist, June 16, 2005, "In come the waves."
The Economist, April 20, 2005, "Will the walls come falling down?"
The Economist, May 3d, 2005, "Still want to buy?"
The Economist, May 29, 2003, "House of cards."
The Conveyancers, May 29, 2007, "Conveyancing Adelaide."
The Economist, May 28, 2002, "Going through the roof."
Gjerstad, Steven; Vernon L. Smith (2009-04-06). "From Bubble to Depression? Why the Housing Bubble Crashed the Financial System but the Dot-com Bubble Did Not". Wall Street Journal. p. A15.
The New York Times, December 25, 2005, Take It From Japan: Bubbles Hurt.
Robert Kiyosaki (2005). All Booms Bust
Benjamin Wallace-Wells, "There goes the neighborhood", Washington Monthly, 2004 April.
Emile Phaneuf (January 4, 2011). "Rio Real Estate Shielded From Burst". The Rio Times.
Fred Foldvary (1997). The Business Cycle: A Georgist-Austrian Synthesis. American Journal of Economics and Sociology 56 (4) (October 1997): 521–41.
USA, Ireland, UK, Spain and Japan Property Bubbles versus Australia.
by Fred E. Foldvary, covers the California, U.S., and global bubble from a libertarian perspective.
Where should house prices really be and how did they get so high?, June 7, 2008, Bergen County, New Jersey Foreclosures blog : Analysis of how the US Real Estate Bubble developed and historical house price to income ratios
Jose Francisco Bellod Redondo, University of Malaga, Detection of real estate bubbles: the Spanish case : performance of Spanish housing market between 1989 and 2009 (in spanish), May 2011
Steimetz, Seiji S. C. (2008). "Bubbles". In David R. Henderson (ed.) (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Economics (2nd ed.). Indianapolis: Library of Economics and Liberty. ISBN . OCLC 237794267.CS1 maint: extra text: editors list (link)

الهيئات

Dean Baker, Financial Bubbles (Stocks and Housing) and How You Can Protect Yourself Against Them, Center for Economic and Policy Research Economics Seminar Series, November 10, 2005
Is the Housing Bubble Collapsing?عشرة Indicators to WatchPDF (153 KiB) Report by Dean Baker, June 2006
The Global House Price BoomPDF (367 KiB), World Economic Outlook, International Monetary Fund, September 2004.
When Bubbles BurstPDF (354 KiB), World Economic Outlook, International Monetary Fund, April 2003.
Wendell Cox consulting, 8th Annual Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey, 2010, covers 325 metropolitan markets in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Are housing prices, household debt, and growth sustainable?PDF (342 KiB), Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, January 2006.
Spanish Property Market Summary (Data Included from 1985 to 2010)PDF (459 KiB) Kyero.com, July 2010
Vancouver : House Prices 1975 - 2012, UBC Centre for Urban Economics and Real Estate, calculation of Royal LePage Survey

الخط

John Calverley (2004), Bubbles and how to survive them, N. Brealey. ISBN 1-85788-348-9
Robert J. Shiller (2005). Irrational Exuberance, 2d ed. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12335-7.
John R. Talbott (2003). The Coming Crash in the Housing Market, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. ISBN 0-07-142220-X.
Andrew Tobias (2005). The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need (updated ed.), Harcourt Brace and Company. ISBN 0-15-602963-4.
Eric Tyson (2003). Personal Finance for Dummies, 4th ed., Foster City, CA: IDG Books. ISBN 0-7645-2590-5.
Burton G. Malkiel (2003). The Random Walk Guide to Investing: Ten Rules for Financial Success, New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-05854-9.
Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi (2003). The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle Class Mothers and Fathers are Going Broke, New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-09082-6.