فاماگوستا Αμμόχωστος (باليونانية) Gazimağusa/Mağusa (بالهجرية) Famagusta
مسجد لالا مصطفى پاشا
فاماگوستا
الإحداثيات: Coordinates:
البلد	شرعياً  قبرص أمر واقع:  قبرص الشمالية
المنطقة	شرعياً: منطقة فاماگوستا أمر واقع: منطقة غازي‌ماغوسا
التعداد(30 أبريل 2006 SPO census )
• الإجمالي	42٬526
منطقة التوقيت	EET (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+2)

فاماگوستا Famagusta (باليونانية: Αμμόχωστος Ammóchōstos، بالهجرية: Gazimağusa/Mağusa)، هي مدينة على الساحل الشرقي لجزيرة قبرص وعاصمة منطقة فاماگوستا. وتطل المدينة على ساحل البحر المتوسط.

التاريخ

The city was founded around 274 BC, after the serious damage to Salamis by an earthquake, by Ptolemy II Philadelphus and named "Arsinoe" after his sister. Arsinoe was described as a "fishing town" by Strabo in his Geographica in the first century BC. It remained a small fishing village for a long time. Later, as a result of the gradual evacuation of Salamis due to the Arab invasion led by Muawiyah I, it developed into a small port.

فاماگوستا القروسطية

The turning point for Famagusta was 1192 with the onset of Lusignan rule. It was during this period that Famagusta developed as a fully-fledged town. It increased in importance to the Eastern Mediterranean due to its natural harbour and the walls that protected its inner town. Its population began to increase. This development accelerated in the 13th century as the town became a centre of commerce for both the East and West. An influx of Christian refugees fleeing the downfall of Acre (1291) in Palestine transformed it from a tiny village into one of the richest cities in Christendom.

في 1372 استولت جنوة على الميناء، وفي 1489 استولت عليه البندقية. This commercial activity turned Famagusta into a place where merchants and ship owners led lives of luxury. The belief that people's wealth could be measured by the churches they built inspired these merchants to have churches built in varying styles. These churches, which still exist, were the reason Famagusta came to be known as "the district of churches". The development of the town focused on the social lives of the wealthy people and was centred upon the Lusignan palace, the Cathedral, the Square and the harbour.

• Territories, colonies and trade routes of the جمهورية جنوة

• Territories, colonies and trade routes of the جمهورية البندقية

• View of Famagusta in the 1480s, from Beschreibung der Reise von Konstanz nach Jerusalem

فاماگوستا العثمانية

In 1570–1571, Famagusta was the last stronghold in Venetian Cyprus to hold out against the Turks under Mustafa Pasha. It resisted a siege of thirteen months and a terrible bombardment, until at last the garrison surrendered. The Ottoman forces had lost 50,000 men, including Mustafa Pasha's son. Although the surrender terms had stipulated that the Venetian forces be allowed to return home, the Venetian commander, Marco Antonio Bragadin, was flayed alive, his lieutenant Tiepolo was hanged, and many other Christians were killed.

الاقتصاد

Famagusta is an important commercial hub of Northern Cyprus. The main economic activities in the city are tourism, education, construction and industrial production. It has a 115-acre free port, which is the most important seaport of Northern Cyprus for travel and commerce. The port is an important source of income and employment for the city, though its volume of trade is restricted by the embargo against Northern Cyprus. Its historical sites, including the walled city, Salamis, the Othello Castle and the St Barnabas Church, as well as the sandy beaches surrounding it make it a tourist attraction; efforts are also underway to make the city more attractive for international congresses. The Eastern Mediterranean University is also an important employer and supplies significant income and activity, as well as opportunities for the construction sector. The university also raises a qualified workforce that stimulates the city's industry and makes communications industry viable. The city has two industrial zones: the Large Industrial Zone and the Little Industrial Zone. The city is also home to a fishing port, but inadequate infrastructure of the port restricts the growth of this sector. The industry in the city has traditionally been concentrated on processing agricultural products.

الثقافة

The walled city of Famagusta contains many unique buildings. Famagusta has a walled city popular with tourists. Every year, the International Famagusta Art and Culture Festival is organized in Famagusta. Concerts, dance shows and theater plays take place during the festival.

A growth in tourism and the city's university have fueled the development of Famagusta's vibrant nightlife. Nightlife in the city is especially active on Wednesday, Friday and Saturday nights and in the hotter months of the year, starting from April. Larger hotels in the city have casinos that cater to their customers.Salamis Road is an area of Famagusta where bars frequented by students and locals are concentrated and is very vibrant, especially in the summer.

Famagusta's Othello Castle is the setting for William Shakespeare's play Othello. The city is also the setting for Victoria Hislop's 2015 novel The Sunrise, and Michael Paraskos's 2016 novel In Search of Sixpence. The city is the birthplace of the eponymous hero of the Renaissance proto-novel Fortunatus.

التعليم

جامعة شرق المتوسط تأسست في المدينة في 1979. The Istanbul Technical University founded a campus in the city in 2010.

The Cyprus College of Art was founded in Famagusta by the Cypriot artist Stass Paraskos in 1969, before moving to Paphos in 1972 after protests from local hoteliers that the presence of art students in the city was putting off holidaymakers.

مشاهير المدينة

• بران برطوغ، أول حاكمة إمرأة في قبرص
• دكتور درويش إروغلو، زعيم القبارصة الأتراك
• جورج ڤاسيليو، رئيس قبرص السابق
• درويش زعيم، مخرج سينمائي قبرصي، حصلت روايته الأولى على جائزة "يونس نادي" الأدبية المرموقة في هجريا
• كريس أخيليوس، رسام قبرصي بريطاني شهير، illustrator was born there as was Turkish Cypriot-American actor
• هال اوزسان, ممثل في Dawson's Creek, Kyle XY (و. 1976)
• كمال أكلر, World Crow eating Champion 2007.

انظر أيضا

مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:فاماگوستا | فاماگوستا ]].

• سلاميس، قبرص
• منطقة فاماگوستا

المصادر

مراجع

• Cyprus.gov.cy (online). Republic of Cyprus government website.
• Enlart, Camille (1899). L'art gothique et la Renaissance a Chypre. Paris, pp. 251–255.
• Kyprianos (1788). History of Cyprus. Venice, p. 453
• Magusa.org (English). Official website of Famagusta.
• Smith, William (1854). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. s.v. Arsinoe

هوامش

وصلات خارجية

• المسقط الإليكتروني لبلدية فاماگوستا