روپية إندونيسية
| روپية إندونيسية | |
|---|---|
| Rupiah | |
|
سلسلة الأبطال الوطنيين، الصادرة عن بنك إندونيسيا في ديسمبر 2016.
| |
| ISO 4217 | |
| Code | IDR |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit | |
| 1/100 | سِن (لاغي)a |
| Symbol | Rp |
| Banknotes | |
| Freq. used | Rp2,000, Rp5,000, Rp10,000, Rp20,000, Rp50,000, Rp100,000 |
| Rarely used | Rp1,000 |
| Coins | |
| Freq. used | Rp100, Rp200, Rp500, Rp1,000 |
| Demographics | |
| User(s) |
 إندونيسيا
|
| Issuance | |
| Central bank | Bank Indonesia |
| Website | bi.go.id |
| Printer | Perum Peruri |
| Website | peruri.co.id |
| Mint | Perum Peruri |
| Website | peruri.co.id |
| Valuation | |
| Inflation | 3.30 % |
| Source | Bank Indonesia |
| Method | CPI |
a) The sub-unit sen is no longer in practical use. However, financial reports and bank statements do record monetary amount in sen (e.g. Rp1.234,56 - Indonesian uses comma as decimal separator). | |
The rupiah (Rp) is the official currency of Indonesia. Issued and controlled by the Bank of Indonesia, the ISO 4217 currency code for the Indonesian rupiah is IDR. The name "Rupiah" is derived from the Indian word rupiya (रुपीया), ultimately from Sanskrit rupyakam (रूप्यकम्; silver). Informally, Indonesians also use the word "perak" ("silver" in Indonesian) in referring to rupiah. The rupiah is subdivided into 100 sen, although inflation has rendered all coins and banknotes denominated in sen obsolete.
Introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists fighting for independence, the currency replaced a version of the Netherlands Indies gulden which had been introduced during the Japanese occupation in World War II. In its early years the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the Dutch.
The Riau islands and the Indonesian half of New Guinea (Irian Barat) had their own variants of the rupiah in the past, but these were subsumed into the national rupiah in 1964 and 1971 respectively (see Riau rupiah and West Irian rupiah).
العملات
| Indonesian rupiah coins | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الصورة | القيمة | السلسلة | القطر | السمك | الوزن | المادة | الوجه | الظهر | التواجد |
| Rp 50 | 1999 | 20 mm | 2 mm | 1.36 g | Aluminium | Garuda Pancasila | Black-naped oriole bird and coin value | Very low | |
| Rp 100 | 1999 | 23 mm | 2 mm | 1.79 g | Palm cockatoo bird and coin value | High | |||
| Rp 200 | 2003 | 25 mm | 2.3 mm | 2.38 g | Bali myna bird and coin value | ||||
| Rp 500 | 1991 | 24 mm | 1.8 mm | 5.29 g | Aluminium-bronze | Jasmine flower and coin value | Low | ||
| 1997 | 1.83 mm | 5.34 g | Low | ||||||
| 2003 | 27 mm | 2.5 mm | 3.1 g | Aluminium | High | ||||
| Rp 1,000 | 1993 | 26 mm | 2 mm | 8.6 g | Bi-metal, nickel and aluminium bronze | Palm tree and coin value | Very low | ||
| 2010 | 24.15 mm | 1.6 mm | 4.5 g | Nickel-plated steel | Garuda Pancasila and coin value | Angklung and Gedung Sate | High (mintage 719 million)[] | ||
البنكنوت
| 2016 Indonesian Rupiah "National Heroes" Series | |||||||||
| Image | Value | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |||||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | ||||||
| Rp 1,000 | Yellow-Green | Cut Nyak Meutia | Tifa dance and Banda Neira | 19 December 2016 | |||||
| Rp 2,000 | Grey | Mohammad Husni Thamrin | Piring dance and Sianok Canyon | 19 December 2016 | |||||
| Rp 5,000 | Brown | Idham Chalid | Gambyong dance and Mount Bromo | 19 December 2016 | |||||
| Rp 10,000 | Purple | Frans Kaisiepo | Pakarena dance and Wakatobi National Park | 19 December 2016 | |||||
| Rp 20,000 | Green | Sam Ratulangi | Gong dance and Derawan Islands | 19 December 2016 | |||||
| Rp 50,000 | Light Blue | Djuanda Kartawidjaja | Legong dance and Komodo National Park | 19 December 2016 | |||||
| Rp 100,000 | Light Red | Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta | Topeng Betawi dance and Raja Ampat Islands | 19 December 2016 | |||||
معدل الصرف والتضخم
The rupiah has been subject to high inflation for most of its existence (which as an internationally recognised currency should be dated to 1950). Various attempts have been made to maintain the value of the currency, but all were abandoned.
1946–1949 الفترة الثورية
In the period from October 1946 to March 1950 Indonesian currency had no international recognition. Its value was determined on the black market.
1949–1965 قيود التحويل الأجنبي
The exchange rate determined upon independence in 1949 was 3.8 rupiah to US$1. Lembaga Alat-Alat Pembajaran Luar Negeri Publication #26 March 11, 1950 (effective 13 March) established the Foreign Exchange Certificate System (FECS). By the trade-in certificates an export rate of Rp 7.6 and an import rate of Rp 11.4 was established.
1966–1971 الاستقرار والنمو
1971–1978 فترة معدل الصرف الثابت
The exchange rate of 415 rupiah to the US dollar, which had been established in August 1971, was maintained by government intervention in the currency market, buying and selling currency as needed.
فترة التعويم الحكوم 1978–1997
1978–1986 خفض قيمة العملة
By 1978, the combination of a fall in oil prices and a decrease in foreign reserves meant that the rupiah was devalued 33% to Rp 625 to US$1 on 16 November 1978 (although prices had increased nearly fourfold over the period).
أكتوبر 1986 – يونيو1997: US$ real exchange parity
1997–1999: الأزمة المالية الآسيوية (والرد)
First stage of the crisis – limited initial falls
Response to the falls – crisis
Rupiah since 1999: relative stability
| Current IDR exchange rates | |
|---|---|
| From Google Finance: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY SGD |
| From Yahoo! Finance: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY SGD |
| From OzForex: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY SGD |
| From XE.com: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY SGD |
| From OANDA.com: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY SGD |
انظر أيضاً
- Netherlands Indies gulden
- Netherlands New Guinean gulden
- روپية غرب إيريان
- روپية رياو
- اقتصاد إندونيسيا
الهامش
- ^ Instrumen Tunai. Bank Indonesia
- ^ http://www.bi.go.id/msmbiweben/pra_content.asp?id=22 Archived 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Indonesia Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistic. Photius.com. Retrieved on 28 July 2011.
- Krause, Chester L. and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801-1991 (18th ed. ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN .CS1 maint: extra text (link)
- Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues, Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors), 7th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
- Cribb, Robert, ‘Political dimensions of the currency question 1945–1947’, Indonesia 31 (April 1981), pp. 113–136. [cip.cornell.edu/handle/seap.indo/1107015200]
- Katalog Uang Kertas Indonesia 1782–2005. P.T. Sugiya Abadi Sentosa. 2005.
وصلات خارجية
- Daily rupiah exchange rates from other currencies (Bank Indonesia rates)
- Historical and current banknotes of Indonesia (إنگليزية) نطقب:Ref-de
| سبقه: لا سابق في العصر الحديث |
عملة إندونيسيا 1945 – |
تبعه: الحالية |
